PSY 2012: Chapter 1

Identify the true statements about psudoscience

- Franz Mesmer's theory of animal magnetism was pseudoscience - pseudoscience can be well-intentioned

In contrast to early research such as the ____________, present-day studies must follow strict __________ guidelines to ensure the well-being of those involved. Contemporary research also embraces ____________ to make findings more accessible.

- The Little Albert study - ethical - open science

Which of the following situations are examples of psychological concepts?

- Vikram is starting to take medication to treat his schizophrenia - Laura is mad that Ayesha has been ignoring her on social media all weekend - Rick knows that he should study for his history midterm, but he can't stop playing his new game - Andria remembers having an allergic reaction in a restaurant as a child, but her parents say it never happened

Which of the following forms of communication would likely be examples of reliable sources of information?

- a geological study published in a major academic journal of geology - a math textbook published by a university press

Identify the true statements about the biological-neuroscience perspective

- all psychological processes are also biological - studying dysfunctions of the brain helps us understand its normal functions - measuring blood flow to brain regions can show us how mental processes work

Positive psychology is a _______________________ movement within psychology. According to positive psychologists, the three main components of happiness are ___________, ___________________, and ___________________. Positive psychology also focuses on keeping people ______________.

- fairly recent - positive emotion, engagement with life, a sense of meaning - healthy

Identify each skill as either a benefit or not a benefit of studying psychology

- forming healthy habits - learning to study effectively - thinking critically about stories in the media

Which of the following research topics are examples of subjects you would most likely study using the cultural perspective?

- how WEIRD and non-WEIRD samples compare in their views on the importance of family - how parenting styles differ in the United States, Japan, and Kenya - why certain insects are viewed as delicious in some parts of the world and as disgusting in others

Identify the true statements about the biological-neuroscience perspective

- measuring blood flow to brain regions can show us how mental processes work - studying dysfunctions of the brain helps us understand its normal functions - all psychological processes are also biological

Identify the actions that are psychologically supported ways to improve your performance in your college courses

- motivating yourself to attend class and complete assignments - using metacognition to improve your study habits - focusing more on critically thinking about information than memorizing that information

In descriptive and correlational research, the practice of random ______________ helps improve ________ validity by making sure that participants adequately represent the population of interest, whereas in experiments, the practice of random ___________ helps improve _______________ validity by ensuring that participants are fairly distributed between groups.

- sampling - external - assignment - internal

Identify the true statements about the evolutionary perspective

- the evolutionary perspective focuses on behaviors stemming from adaptations for survival - the evolutionary perspective suggests that some human behaviors are universal

Which of the following actions are examples of the process called critical thinking?

- thinking about whether you're reading an opinion piece or an informational article written by an unbiased expert - questioning whether supposed effects of music on the development of infant's brains have been studied empirically - using factual evidence to decide whether a food is good for you

Mental processes that we cannot directly observe or influence are _____________. These processes often have a _____________ effect on our behavior. If Hanna says that wealth is the key factor in determining whether a potential romantic partner is attractive, that statement is an example of a ____________ preference. But if she actually finds Henry, a barista, more attractive than Alessia, an investment banker, there are likely to be ______________ processes affecting her preferences.

- unconscious - strong - conscious - unconscious

Which of the following questions might a psychologist taking a biological-neuroscience perspective ask?

- what roles do hormones play in relationships? - how do changes in brain activity relate to sleep? - what is the genetic basis for personality traits?

Psychological science or pop psychology/pseudoscience? A STUDY OF SUICIDES IN THE UNITED STATES OVER A PERIOD OF 35 YEARS, PUBLISHED INA REPUTABLE JOURNAL

Psychological science

Psychological science or pop psychology/pseudoscience? RESEARCH ON SLEEP CONDUCTED USING AN EMPIRICALLY BASED QUESTIONNAIRE, SUCH AS THE PITTSBURGH SLEEP QUALITY INDEX

Psychological science

publishes what is perhaps his most important book, the interpretation of dreams (1899)

Sigmund Freud

Research in which of the highlighted countries on the map would likely include WEIRD samples?

United States, UK, and Sweden

founds the first psychology laboratory and begins experiments testing his structuralist approach (1879)

Wilhelm Wundt

publishes principles of psychology and advances the functionalist approach (1890)

William James

studies the biological underpinnings of how we think, act, and behave

biological-neuroscience psychological perspective

Focuses on the causes and treatments of psychological disorders, with the goal of improving human well-bein, daily functioning, and social relationships

clinical psychological perspective

studies the mental processes that underlie perception, thought, learning, memory, language, and creativity

cognitive psychological perspective

Place the phases of the human life cycle, as described by the developmental perspective, in chronological order

conception, birth, infancy, toddlerhood, childhood, adolescence, young adulthood, middle age, old age

Label the scenario as illustrating either the overconfidence effect or confirmation bias JOAQUIN SEEKS OUT ONLY POSITIVE REVIEWS OF THE TRUCK HE IS HOPING TO BUY

confirmation bias

Label the scenario as illustrating either the overconfidence effect or confirmation bias WHILE DRAFTING A SOCIOLOGY PAPER, BETH IGNORES RESEARCH THAT CONTRADICTS HER ARGUMENT

confirmation bias

r=-.32 is referred to as what?

correlation coefficient

investigates how cultural context affects people's thoughts and preferences

cultural psychological perspective

examines how people change physically, cognitively, socially, and emotionally as they age

developmental psychological perspective

label each psychological discovery with the most relevant professional field HELPING STUDENTS FEEL LIKE THEY BELONG AT SCHOOL IMPROVES THEIR PERFORMANCE

education

examines how the human capacity to feel, express, and perceive emotions plays an important role in decision making, behavior, and social relationships

emotional psychological perspective

identifies aspects of behavior that are the results of evolutionary adaptations

evolutionary psychological perspective

Most psychological research studies definitively prove a fact

false

label each psychological discovery with the most relevant professional field SHOWING PEOPLE THAT PERSONALITY IS CHANGEABLE CAN HELP CHANGE THEIR PERCEPTION OF OPPOSING GROUPS

international relations

label each psychological discovery with the most relevant professional field PEOPLE CAN BELIEVE IN FALSE MEMORIES THAT NEVER OCCURED

law

Label the scenario as illustrating either the overconfidence effect or confirmation bias RACHEL SKIPS THE READING FOR HER PSYCHOLOGY COURSE, SAYING THAT SHE'LL RELY ON HER INTUITIO DURING THE FINAL

overconfidence effect

Label the scenario as illustrating either the overconfidence effect or confirmation bias YUANYUAN CONSIDERS HERSELF AN EXPERT ON CLIMATE CHANGE AFTER WATCHING A FEW DOCUMENTARIES

overconfidence effect

seeks to understand aspects of behavior that are relatively stable over time and situation

personality psychological perspective

Psychological science or pop psychology/pseudoscience? AN ONLINE QUIZ SORTING YOU INTO ONE OF THE HARRY POTTER HOUSES

pop psychology/pseudoscience

Psychological science or pop psychology/pseudoscience? HOMEOPATHY

pop psychology/pseudoscience

Psychological science or pop psychology/pseudoscience? REBIRTHING THERAPY

pop psychology/pseudoscience

Psychological science or pop psychology/pseudoscience? WAKEFIELD'S 1998 STUDY LINKING AUTISM AND VACCINES

pop psychology/pseudoscience

considers the way in which immediate social contexts influence thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

social psychological perspective

label each psychological discovery with the most relevant professional field EVEN MINOR HITS TO THE HEAD ARE ASSOCIATED WITH IMPAIRMENTS TO MEMORY AND SELF-REGULATION

sports

Which of the following criteria for proving causation can a correlational study satisfy?

the variables are related

Pyschological perspectives can be combined to achieve a deeper understanding of mind and behavior

true