PSY 205 Midterm

Nonverbal communication​

: ​is frequently used to express feelings or emotions.

Problem-solving has been linked to​

All

Which of the following nutritional habits can increase susceptibility to a variety of diseases and health problems?

All

Finding humor in the situation is considered a(n) -focused strategy of constructive coping. ​

Appraisal

Any time you have to take a risk to pursue some desirable outcome, you are likely to find yourself in an __________________ conflict

Approach Avoidance

Learned helplessness results when humans are subjected to aversive events that ​

Are unavoidable

Which of the following is NOT a guideline to choose a good self-help book?​

Avoid books with explanations of theories or research

Any overt response or activity by an organism" defines the term​

Behavior

Which of the following is NOT one of the factors that contributes to procrastination?​

Bring future oriented

Marijuana, hashish, and THC are all derived from

Cannabis

Albert Ellis believed that problematic emotional reactions to stress are caused by

Catastrophic thinking

When your friend calls you at home to make plans for the weekend, the of communication is sound.​

Channel

Which of the following are characteristics of self- actualizing people?

Clear, efficient perception of reality and comfortable relations with it

Which of the following is NOT a source of self-efficacy?​

Comparison to others

is a tendency to blame victims for their misfortune, so that one feels less likely to be victimized in a similar way.​

Defensive attribute

If you yell at your little sister after having a fight with your girlfriend, you may be diverting your anger through the use of​

Displacement

are norms governing the appropriate display of emotions.

Display rules

Which of the following executives is NOT exhibiting a quality related to hardiness?​

Drew

A person who has can monitor, identify, express and regulate emotions, and comprehend the emotions of others.​

Emotional intelligence

are largely uncontrollable and are accompanied by physiological changes. ​

Emotions

After barely squeezing through Anatomy 101 with a passing grade, you sleep 16 hours a day for the first 10 days of summer break and refuse to see any of your friends. You are in the ____________​ stage of the general adaptation syndrome.​

Exhaustion

Everyone possesses a self-assessment, which consists of a person's beliefs.​

False

In general, women are less happy than men; this is evident in the statistics indicating that women are treated for depression about twice as often as men.​

False

Prejudice is common in society, but discrimination is not.

False

Telling a store clerk that he overcharged you for an item is an example of aggressive behavior

False

The dependent variable is the variable manipulated by the researcher.​

False

The foot-in-the door technique involves making a large request that will probably be refused to increase the chances of being granted a smaller request later.​

False

A spontaneous, vivid recurrence of a previous drug-induced experience is called a(n)​

Flashback

Students writing three essays about difficulties adjusting to college were than students who wrote about other topics with less emotional connection.​

Healthier

Aaron is just getting to know Debbie. He is more likely to disclose​

His parents divorce when he was 10

High caffeine consumption is likely to elevate one's risk for ​

Hypertension

Which if the following is an example of problem-focused constructive coping?

Improving Time Management

The range of life choices has​

Increased

Which of the following is NOT a beneficial effect that may result from stress?

Increases optimism

Mainstream American culture would most accurately be described as​

Individualistic

Individuals reared in individualistic cultures are less likely than those from collectivistic cultures to perceive themselves as

Interdependent

Which of the following is NOT one of the key elements of the interpersonal communication process?

Interpreter

Your classmate, Lily, seems to take selfies everywhere! Also, her Twitter updates often consist of seemingly meaningless activities such as using the restroom successfully, and include the detail that she washed her hands afterward. How would the authors of the Spotlight on Research (Hunt et al., 2014) MOST likely interpret Lily's behaviors?

Lily is engaging in these behaviors to maintain her current relationships

Taken together, research on stress and physical health can be BEST summarized by which of the following statements?

Links between high stress and poor physical health can be explained by many third variables.

which of the following is not very important for happiness?

Money

is a sense of grandiose self-importance.​

Narcissism

Which of the following are Big Five traits

Neuroticism and openness to experience

Coping efforts are​

Not necessarily adaptive

is a collection of processes through which an organism utilizes the materials required for survival and growth

Nutrition

Jan relies on obsessive eating and smoking to cope with her problems. According to Freud, Jan is suffering from fixation in the

Oral Stage

According to the textbook, which is NOT a common irrational assumption?

Other people should always behave competently and be considerate of me

Shrewd," "timid," and "self-assured" are all adjectives that can be used to represent

Personality traits

As ice cream consumption increases... so does the incidence of drowning. This relationship is an example of

Positive Correlation

Jake is a high school senior that is experiencing an influx of opinions and expectations f

Pressure

An analyst presents a client an illustrated picture. She tells the client to write a story about who the people in the picture are, what happened right before the picture, and ultimately how the situation will turn out in the end. This approach to personality is called _________________.

Projective testing

You're feeling guilty after your third bowl of ice cream. You tell yourself it's all right because yesterday you skipped lunch. This is an example of

Rationalization

Which of the following is very important to overall happiness?​

Relationship satisfaction

Which of the following statements regarding the nature of stress is correct?​

Routine hassles may have significant negative effects on mental and physical health.

Thomas likes to talk about himself a great deal.

Self Preoccupation

Which of the following was NOT described by Maslow as one of the characteristics of a self-actualizing person?

Self centered

Amy believes that she is outgoing and fun to be around. This belief is most likely to change under which of the following conditions?

She leaves college to take a job in another state.

All of these, except one, are causes of wasted time, which one is not.

Sleep

Which is NOT a way to build self-esteem?

Stay within personal strengths

A correlation coefficient indicates the __________ and the ___________ of the relationship between two variables.​

Strength and Direction

When you experience stress, your brain sends signals to?

The Endocrine System

Which of the following statements is NOT true about self-fulfilling prophecies?

The effect of self-fulfilling prophecies is limited to educational settings

Which of the following statements regarding the influence of culture on responses to social pressure is true?​

The kind of situation is more important than the kind of person, regardless of culture.

Which of the following statements about defense mechanisms is NOT true?​

Their use is considered an indication of psychological maladjustment

Procrastination is considered a self-defeating behavior.​

True

Sometimes avoidance is the best way to handle a conflict. ​

True

The perception of threats is more likely to cause hostility between groups than are actual threats to an ingroup.​

True

The persuasion process contains four basic elements

True

The tendency to attribute our success to our own efforts and failures to the situation is called self-serving bias.

True

Which of the following will NOT help you increase your efficiency?

Vary type of task

When are we NOT likely to make attributions about someone?

Whenever we meet someone.

Confirmation bias occurs in

all of these

In a case study,​

an individual participant is studied in depth

Harry wants to lose 50 pounds. Most experts would recommend that he should ​

decrease his food intake and increase his exercise, both in moderate ways

Two months ago, your best friend did not win a major scholarship that she had been counting on to help pay for graduate school. Now she is always fighting with you, her boyfriend, and her roommates. She is most likely using the defense mechanism called

displacement

Which of the following characteristics is most closely associated with the Type B personality

easy-going

The experimental method rests heavily on the assumption that​

experimental and control groups are alike in all important matters except for the independent variable.

Behavioral genetics has provided evidence that

hereditary factors help shape personality.

Hans Selye's work was important because it showed​

how prolonged physiological arousal that is meant to be adaptive could lead to diseases.

In Asch's studies of conformity, participants​

indicated which of three lines matched a standard line in length.

One likely explanation for people's tendency to act in self-destructive ways is that​

many health-impairing habits involve activities that are quite pleasant at the time.

To be an effective listener, you need to ​

pay attention to nonverbal signals.

Research has NOT demonstrated which of the following?

positive correlation between narcissism and self-esteem

When a person must continue to take a drug in order to satisfy an intense emotional and mental craving, the person has developed

psychological dependence

According to psychologists, frustration occurs when ​

pursuit of some goal is thwarted.

A mismatching of self-perceptions is termed

self-discrepancy

One's belief about one's ability to perform behaviors that should lead to expected outcomes is called

self-efficacy

Internal conflict occurs when​

two incompatible behavioral impulses compete for expression

If you use self-control resources by resisting temptation in a given situation,​

you may have a hard time resisting the next temptation.