PSY 213 ch.9-12 Multiple choice questions

According to Hetherington's research on divorce, what type of individual is motivated to find a new mate as soon as possible? A. seeker B. libertine C. enhancer D. good-enough

A

According to William Perry, adolescent thinking is __________, and adult thinking is __________. A. absolute; relative B. relative; absolute C. absolute; absolute D. relative; relative

A

All the following biological factors EXCEPT __________ are involved in obesity. A. availability of energy-saving devices B. hereditary propensity for obesity C. set point D. basal metabolism rate

A

Eric doesn't want to go to school because he is certain that everyone will notice the small allergic rash that has developed on his arms. His belief that everyone is going to focus on him is an example of __________. A. imaginary audience B. personal fable C. executive functioning D. formal operational thought

A

In adolescence, individuality __________ associated with identity development, and connectedness __________ associated with identity development. A. is; is B. is; is not C. is not; is D. is not; is not

A

Piaget believed that adolescents and adults think __________ in the same way, but that young adults are more __________ advanced than adolescents. A. qualitatively; quantitatively B. quantitatively; qualitatively C. socially; cognitively D. cognitively; socially

A

Starvation is to __________ nervosa as binge-purge is to __________ nervosa. A. anorexia; bulimia B. anorexia; anorexia C. bulimia; bulimia D. bulimia; anorexia

A

The leading cause of death among adolescents is __________. A. accidents B. suicide C. homicide D. cancer

A

Tom, a young adult, often discusses the highlights and challenges in his life with his parents; his childhood memories tend to be positive, caring, and warm. His adult attachment style would be described as __________. A. secure B. insecure C. close D. needy

A

Which of the following is NOT a potential disadvantage of being single? A. increased autonomy B. development of intimate relationships C. feelings of loneliness D. finding a positive identity in a marriage-oriented society

A

Which of the following is NOT a reason that adolescent girls consistently have a higher rate of depression than adolescent boys? A. Females are more likely to experiment with drugs and alcohol. B. Females tend to ruminate in their depressed mood and amplify it. C. Females' self-images are more negative than males. D. Puberty occurs earlier for females than for males.

A

Which of the following statements regarding adolescents' contraceptive use is TRUE? A. Adolescents are increasing their use of contraceptives. B. The use of condoms among adolescents is decreasing. C. Withdrawal is increasing as the birth control method of choice among adolescents. D. Girls are more likely than boys to regularly use a condom.

A

Which theorist suggests that adults progress beyond adolescence in their use of intellect to become more realistic and pragmatic? A. K. Warner Schaie B. William Perry C. Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi D. John Holland

A

Who identified four identity statuses for adolescence? A. James Marcia B. Erik Erikson C. Jean Phinney D. Reed Larson

A

__________ explains that we are attracted to others who are similar to us, because it confirms our own attitudes and values. A. Consensual validation B. The matching hypothesis C. Love D. Intimacy versus isolation

A

__________ is an invisible barrier to career advancement that prevents women and ethnic minorities from holding managerial or executive jobs regardless of their accomplishments and merits. A. Glass ceiling B. Modern discrimination C. Corporate pluralism D. Restrictive dualism

A

Regarding research examining Harry Stack Sullivan's ideas about friendship, which of the following statements is TRUE? A. Adolescents report disclosing less intimate and personal information to their friends than younger children do. B. Adolescents have a greater need for intimacy which motivates them to seek out close friends. C. Adolescents report that they depend more on parents than friends to satisfy their needs for companionship and reassurance of worth. D. Adolescents with superficial or no friendships have a higher sense of self-esteem than those with intimate friendships do.

B

Regarding the development of a nonheterosexual sexual orientation, which of the following statements is TRUE? A. Being raised by a gay parent increases one's likelihood of being homosexual. B. Sexual orientation is determined by a combination of factors. C. Male homosexuality is thought to be caused by growing up with a dominant mother and weak father. D. Female homosexuality is believed to be caused by girls choosing masculine role models.

B

What is Erikson's sixth stage of socioemotional development which describes the most important issues dealt with in early adulthood? A. identity versus identity confusion B. intimacy versus isolation C. generativity versus stagnation D. integrity versus despair

B

What is the optimal age for becoming a mother? A. 36 to 45 B. There is no optimal age. C. 26 to 35 D. 18 to 25

B

Which of John Gottman's successful marriage principles is reflected in his advice to regulate emotions, to compromise, and to be tolerant of each other's faults? A. establishing love maps B. solving solvable conflicts C. letting your partner influence you D. nurturing fondness and admiration

B

Which of the following is NOT a recommendation for reducing the high rate of adolescent pregnancy? A. sex education B. reducing access to contraceptive methods C. broad community support and involvement D. abstinence

B

Which of the following is NOT one of the key features that characterize emerging adulthood? A. Identity exploration, especially in love and work B. Stability C. Self-focused D. Feeling in-between

B

Which of the following is a purpose of adolescent dating? A. form of recreation B. source of status C. setting for learning about close relationships D. all of these

B

Which of the following statements about adolescents today is TRUE? A. Most adolescents are unsuccessful in negotiating the path from childhood to adulthood. B. Most adolescents have positive self-images. C. Adolescents are not provided with adequate opportunities and support to become competent adults. D. Adolescents are a homogeneous group with describable characteristics and experiences.

B

__________ is a characteristic of postformal thought. A. Understanding that arriving at the right answer may require absolute clarity B. Knowing that the correct answer may vary from situation to situation C. Being objective and avoiding emotions in decision making D. Lack of understanding that the search for truth is often never-ending

B

__________ is a girl's first menstruation. A. Puberty B. Menarche C. Estradiol D. Testosterone

B

__________ is the heightened sense of self-consciousness in adolescence, described by David Elkind. A. Hypothetical-deductive reasoning B. Adolescent egocentrism C. Withdrawal D. Service learning

B

__________ is when one person uses his or her power over another individual in a sexual manner. A. Rape B. Sexual harassment C. Date rape D. Acquaintance rape

B

Ben and Julie have been dating for a couple of months. Despite the fact that their relationship seems to be progressing in a healthy manner, Julie is continually worried that Ben isn't responsive or attentive. In addition, Julie often frets that Ben is going to leave her. Julie's concern about whether Ben will be available, responsive, and attentive is an example of: A. consummate insecurity. B. secure attachment. C. attachment-related anxiety. D. attachment-related avoidance.

C

Emerging adulthood is a developmental period of transition which occurs from approximately 18- to 25-years of age and is characterized by: A. crisis and commitment. B. conflict and stability. C. experimentation and exploration. D. identity and role confusion.

C

Erikson's psychosocial stage of development for adolescents is called __________. A. industry versus inferiority. B. intimacy versus isolation. C. identity versus identity confusion. D. integrity versus despair.

C

In a single act of unprotected sex, a teenage girl has a __________% risk of acquiring genital herpes. A. 1 B. 25 C. 30 D. 50

C

In the United States, which of the following is the most widely recognized marker of entry into adulthood? A. economic independence B. independent decision making C. taking of the first more-or-less permanent job D. graduation from high school

C

Regarding cohabitation in the United States, which of the following statements is TRUE? A. There has been a significant decrease in the number of adults who cohabit. B. Those who cohabit have stronger marriages. C. Cohabitation arrangements tend to be short-lived, typically less than a year. D. Cohabitating adults have the same legal and property rights as married individuals.

C

Regarding early adult health knowledge and behavior, which of the following statements is TRUE? A. College students have a poor understanding of what it takes to prevent illness and promote health. B. College students clearly see the relationship between their risk of heart attack and their nutrition and exercise habits. C. In early adulthood, few people stop to think about how their personal lifestyles will affect their health later in their adult lives. D. Most young adults have realistic beliefs about their future health risks.

C

Regarding puberty, which of the following statements is TRUE? A. Boys have more negative body images than girls do. B. Older adolescents are more preoccupied and less satisfied with their body image than younger adolescents. C. There is increasing evidence that early-maturing girls are vulnerable to a number of problems. D. There is little individual variation in puberty.

C

Regarding work in early adulthood, which of the following statements is FALSE? A. Work is a key aspect of adult identity. B. Work and lack of work can both be sources of stress. C. In the United States, more than half of all lawyers, physicians, computer scientists, and chemists today are females. D. Juggling work and family responsibilities seems to be more of an issue for women than it is for men.

C

The average peak age of pubertal change is __________ years for girls and __________ years for boys. A. 9; 11 B. 11; 9 C. 11 ½; 13 ½ D. 13 ½; 11 ½

C

Tifara has poor social skills and intellectual abilities, as well as low self-esteem. Which crowd is she likely to be a member of? A. independents B. populars C. nobodies D. druggies

C

What does Erikson call the gap between childhood security and adult autonomy? A. role confusion B. identity diffusion C. psychosocial moratorium D. adjustment contemplation

C

Which of the following is NOT a protective measure against AIDS? A. knowing your and your partner's risk status B. having protected sex C. taking acyclovir D. not having sex with multiple partners

C

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of physical development in early adulthood? A. reaching the peak of physical performance B. notice of the decline in physical performance C. large changes in the sensory systems D. increase in the body's fatty tissue

C

Which of the following is descriptive of adolescent groups versus children groups? A. Adolescent groups are less formal. B. Adolescent groups include a more restricted array of members. C. Adolescent groups are smaller and more intense and intimate. D. Adolescent groups are less mixed-gender.

C

A person's spiritual beliefs are part of her/his __________ identity. A. achievement B. religious C. vocational D. physical

B

Absorption is to _________, as coexistence is to __________. A. assimilation; assimilation B. assimilation; pluralism C. pluralism; assimilation D. pluralism; pluralism

B

According to a 2005 survey done by the U.S. Center for Disease Control and Prevention, what percentage of American adults ages 20- to 39-years of age are classified as obese? A. 8% B. 22% C. 43% D. 60%

B

All the following are common components in programs designed to prevent or reduce adolescent problems EXCEPT __________. A. individual attention to high-risk adolescents B. financial incentives C. community-wide interventions D. early identification and intervention

B

Computer dating services ask questions about a person's characteristics and attitudes. This practice demonstrates that __________ is an important component in interpersonal attraction. A. familiarity B. similarity C. physical attraction D. intimacy

B

Mason is highly motivated and strives to be the best at everything he does; his goal is to be valedictorian of his graduating class. What aspect of identity does this describe? A. vocational identity B. achievement identity C. political identity D. competitive identity

B

Piaget's stage describing adolescent cognitive development is called __________. A. concrete operational B. formal operational C. sensorimotor D. preoperational

B

Regarding adolescent sexual behaviors in the United States, which of the following statements is TRUE? A. By the age of 19 years, three in five adolescents have had sexual intercourse. B. For a majority of teenagers, first sexual intercourse occurs in mid to late adolescence. C. The majority of adolescent females' first partners are more than 2 years older. D. By age 15, the majority of boys and girls are no longer virgins.

B

Regarding divorce, which of the following statements is TRUE? A. If a divorce occurs, it usually takes place after 10 years of marriage, typically in midlife. B. The stress of separation and divorce places people at risk for psychological and physical difficulties. C. Those younger at marriage and of lower educational level are less likely to divorce. D. Men and women both show significant decline in income after divorce.

B

Which of the following statements regarding infant temperament is FALSE? A. Children with an easy temperament at 3- to 5-years of age were likely to be well-adjusted as young adults. B. Individuals who had an inhibited temperament in childhood are less likely than other adults to be assertive or experience social support. C. Boys with a difficult temperament as children experience difficulties adjusting as adults, but girls with a difficult childhood temperament show healthy adult adjustment. D. Three-year-old children that show good control of their emotions were likely to continue handling emotions effectively as adults.

C

Which researcher is known for studying romantic love and suggesting that sexual desire is the most important ingredient of romantic love? A. Robert Sternberg B. Phillip Shave C. Ellen Berscheid D. Zick Rubin

C

__________ is an enduring, basic aspect of self that includes a sense of membership in a cultural group and the attitudes and feelings related to that membership. A. Individuality B. Connectedness C. Ethnic identity D. Moratorium

C

__________ love is to romantic love, as __________ love is to affectionate love. A. Compassionate; compassionate B. Compassionate; passionate C. Passionate; compassionate D. Passionate; passionate

C

Research on the impact of trying juvenile delinquents as adults in the court system has found that: A. adolescents who are prosecuted as adults typically receive more lenient sentences than adults who commit the same crime. B. adolescents receiving more lenient sentences are more likely to be rearrested than adolescents receiving harsher sentences. C. adolescents who are prosecuted as adults typically receive harsher sentences than adults who commit the same crime. D. adolescents receiving harsher sentences are more likely to be rearrested than adolescents receiving more lenient sentences.

D

Which of the following clichés are supported by research on interpersonal attraction in early adulthood? A. familiarity breeds contempt B. absence makes the heart grow fonder C. opposites attract D. birds of a feather flock together

D

Which of the following conclusions made by the 1994 survey of sexual practices among Americans is FALSE? A. Men think about sex far more often than women do. B. Adultery is less common than originally believed. C. Married and cohabitating couples have sex more frequently than non-cohabitating couples. D. Americans' sexual lives are more liberal than suggested by previous surveys.

D

Which of the following is NOT a marker of adult status for many individuals in the United States? A. economic independence B. taking responsibility for oneself C. holding a relatively permanent full-time job D. maintaining a long-term romantic relationship

D

Which of the following statements concerning adolescent suicide in the United States is FALSE?A. Suicide is the third-leading cause of death in 10- to 19-year-olds. B. Suicide rates in adolescents have declined in recent years. C. Suicide ideation peaks at age 15. D. Males are more likely to attempt suicide, but females are more likely to succeed in committing suicide.

D

Which of the following statements regarding gay and lesbian adults is TRUE? A. Gay and lesbian couples are very similar to heterosexual couples on many relationship dimensions. B. The children of gay and lesbian parents are as well adjusted as those of heterosexual couples. C. The majority of children in gay and lesbian families grow up to be heterosexual. D. all of these

D

Which of the following statements regarding gender differences in friendships is TRUE? A. Men have more close friends than women do. B. Male friends are more likely to talk rather than engage in activities together. C. Female patterns of friendship typically involve keeping one's distance. D. Women's friendships are more intimate.

D

Which type of education helps promote social responsibility? A. character education B. cognitive moral education C. values learning D. service learning

D

__________ are to females, as __________ are to males. A. Gonads; hormones B. Hormones; sperm C. Testes; ovaries D. Ovaries; testes

D

__________ is a ceremony or ritual that marks an individual's transition from one status to another. A. A dating script B. A cross-cultural study C. Cyberdating D. A rite of passage

D

Research concerning tattoos and body art in adolescents has discovered: A. the majority of students with tattoos have good academic grades. B. tattoos and body piercings are markers for risk-taking behaviors. C. body art is increasingly used to express individuality and self-expression rather than rebellion. D. all of these

D

According to Robert Sternberg, consummate love involves the presence of __________. A. passion and intimacy B. intimacy and commitment C. passion and commitment D. passion, intimacy, and commitment

D

Adolescents who engage in early sexual activity are also more likely to __________. A. drink excessively B. use drugs C. have school-related problems D. all of these

D

Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa include which characteristics? A. They are experienced mostly by young males who struggle with issues of control and self-doubt. B. They involve a fear of becoming ill and are accompanied by depression. C. They cause noticeable changes in body weight and lead individuals to be significantly underweight. D. They have good recovery rates with approximately 70% of individuals recovering from the disorder.

D

Delinquency rates are higher among all the following groups EXCEPT __________. A. minorities B. low socioeconomic status youth C. males D. females

D

In John Holland's personality type theory, __________ people are those who like the outdoors and working in manual activities. A. artistic B. social C. conventional D. realistic

D

In identity diffusion, crisis is __________ and commitment is __________. A. present; present B. present; absent C. absent; present D. absent; absent

D

Longitudinal research has shown a __________ in adolescents' alcohol use in recent years. A. slight decrease B. slight increase C. sizeable increase D. sizeable decrease

D

Regarding adolescent pregnancy, which of the following statements is FALSE? A. Adolescent mothers generally do not catch up economically with women who postpone childbearing until their twenties. B. Adolescent pregnancy rates are experiencing a decline in the United States. C. Adolescent pregnancy increases health risks for mother and offspring. D. America's adolescent pregnancy rate is among the lowest in the Western world.

D

Regarding adolescents and parents, which of these statements is TRUE? A. Many parents have an easy time handling the adolescent's push for autonomy. B. Parent-adolescent conflict increases in early adolescence and is severe. C. Attachment to parents decreases the probability that an adolescent will be socially competent. D. Conflict between parents and adolescents serves a positive developmental function.

D

Regarding alcohol and drug use, which of the following statements is TRUE? A. About two-thirds of alcoholics recover whether they are in a treatment program or not. B. Alcoholism is a biologically-based, lifelong disease that requires medical treatment for recovery. C. About 60% of college students engage in binge drinking. D. By the time people reach their mid-20s, a reduction in drug use often takes place.

D

Regarding marriage, which of the following statements is TRUE? A. Realistic expectations and myths about marriage contribute to marital dissatisfaction and divorce. B. Overall, women are less expressive and affectionate in marriage. C. The presence of children increases marital satisfaction. D. Happily married people live longer, healthier lives than divorced people or those who are unhappily married.

D

Regarding parenting roles, which of the following statements is TRUE? A. There is a tendency today toward larger families. B. Having children late in life provides more benefits than having children early. C. Mothers are naturally better parents than fathers are. D. For some, the parental role is well planned and coordinated.

D