Psy 255 Obesity
____ out of every $10 is spent on restaurant food in US is spent on fast food
$5
a 2010 study in the Journal of Pediatrics reported that ____ of children who were _____________ old treated in one medical system were overweight
16%, 6 months old
the overall prevalence among U.S. youth was ____% in 2014
17%
_____% of sugar in american diet comes from soft drinks. Highest consumption in ______ age _____, consuming ________gallons a year
21%, males, 12-19, 160
USDA's Economic Research Service estimates that the average daily caloric intake increased by ____% or about ____calories between 1970 and 2000
24%, 530 calories
compared to 1960 the average adult now weighs ____lbs more and the average teenager ____ lbs more
24, 15
____% to____% of body weight determined by genetics
25%, 40%
americans gain the most weight from ages ___ to ___.
25, 35
___% of men and ___% of women report that they are trying to lose weight at any given time
28.8%, 43.6%
___% of chilren eat fast food on any given day, consume ____ more calories than a child who does not eat fast food
30%, 187 more calories
average family spends ____% of their food budget eating out
40%
americans spend $____________ per year on diet related products
40-50 billion
currently _____ of U.S. adults are either overweight or obese, _____ are extremely obese.
71%, ~7%
Obesity is a risk factor in;
CHD, cancers, Type II diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, stroke, gall bladder diseases, osteoarthritis, sleep apnea, respiratory problems, gout
BMI classification
Underweight: BMI < 18.5 normal: 18.5 -24.9 class 1 obesity: 30.0-34.9 class 2 obesity: 25.0-39.9 class 3 obesity: >/= 40.0
Body Mass Index (BMI)
a rough measurement of body composition (Kg/ ht in m^2)
procedures used to diagnose CVD
angioplasty, eeg, angiography, stress test
characteristics of cardiovascular disease (CDV's)
atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, heart attack, stroke, angina pectoris
Dean Ornish study
behavior change (vs. surgery) for CVD
obesity paradox
changes in obesity rates has occurred despite increasingly thin ideals in physical appearance for both men and women
since the late 1970s, soft drink consumption in US has ______ for females and _______ for males
doubled, tripled
Toxic food environments
even with a genetic predisposition for obesity, you rarely create obesity in the absence of a bad environment food environment influences our body weight
BMI disadvantages
fails to differentiate LBM from fat, overestimates body fat in persons who are very muscular, underestimates body fat in persons who have lost muscle mass (ex elderly)
factors contributing to excess body fat
genetics energy intake (calories) energy expenditure (resting metabolism, thermic effect of food, physical activity)
obesity social problems
negative impact on quality of life, psychological function, associated with significant social stigma
BMI advantages
no sophisticated equipment needed, incorporates weight and height to estimate critical values at which the risk for disease increases, useful in screening general population, can be used with children
Genetics as a factor of obesity
only make small contribution to obesity, genes are not destiny healthy lifestyles can counteract genetic effects genetic changes are unlikely to explain the rapid spread of obesity around the world
prevalence of obesity
over the past 4 decades, increase in prevalence of overweight and obesity in adults across all genders, ages, racial/ethic groups