Psy 255 Obesity

____ out of every $10 is spent on restaurant food in US is spent on fast food

$5

a 2010 study in the Journal of Pediatrics reported that ____ of children who were _____________ old treated in one medical system were overweight

16%, 6 months old

the overall prevalence among U.S. youth was ____% in 2014

17%

_____% of sugar in american diet comes from soft drinks. Highest consumption in ______ age _____, consuming ________gallons a year

21%, males, 12-19, 160

USDA's Economic Research Service estimates that the average daily caloric intake increased by ____% or about ____calories between 1970 and 2000

24%, 530 calories

compared to 1960 the average adult now weighs ____lbs more and the average teenager ____ lbs more

24, 15

____% to____% of body weight determined by genetics

25%, 40%

americans gain the most weight from ages ___ to ___.

25, 35

___% of men and ___% of women report that they are trying to lose weight at any given time

28.8%, 43.6%

___% of chilren eat fast food on any given day, consume ____ more calories than a child who does not eat fast food

30%, 187 more calories

average family spends ____% of their food budget eating out

40%

americans spend $____________ per year on diet related products

40-50 billion

currently _____ of U.S. adults are either overweight or obese, _____ are extremely obese.

71%, ~7%

Obesity is a risk factor in;

CHD, cancers, Type II diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, stroke, gall bladder diseases, osteoarthritis, sleep apnea, respiratory problems, gout

BMI classification

Underweight: BMI < 18.5 normal: 18.5 -24.9 class 1 obesity: 30.0-34.9 class 2 obesity: 25.0-39.9 class 3 obesity: >/= 40.0

Body Mass Index (BMI)

a rough measurement of body composition (Kg/ ht in m^2)

procedures used to diagnose CVD

angioplasty, eeg, angiography, stress test

characteristics of cardiovascular disease (CDV's)

atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, heart attack, stroke, angina pectoris

Dean Ornish study

behavior change (vs. surgery) for CVD

obesity paradox

changes in obesity rates has occurred despite increasingly thin ideals in physical appearance for both men and women

since the late 1970s, soft drink consumption in US has ______ for females and _______ for males

doubled, tripled

Toxic food environments

even with a genetic predisposition for obesity, you rarely create obesity in the absence of a bad environment food environment influences our body weight

BMI disadvantages

fails to differentiate LBM from fat, overestimates body fat in persons who are very muscular, underestimates body fat in persons who have lost muscle mass (ex elderly)

factors contributing to excess body fat

genetics energy intake (calories) energy expenditure (resting metabolism, thermic effect of food, physical activity)

obesity social problems

negative impact on quality of life, psychological function, associated with significant social stigma

BMI advantages

no sophisticated equipment needed, incorporates weight and height to estimate critical values at which the risk for disease increases, useful in screening general population, can be used with children

Genetics as a factor of obesity

only make small contribution to obesity, genes are not destiny healthy lifestyles can counteract genetic effects genetic changes are unlikely to explain the rapid spread of obesity around the world

prevalence of obesity

over the past 4 decades, increase in prevalence of overweight and obesity in adults across all genders, ages, racial/ethic groups