PSY 376 Chapter 1 to 6

Approximately, _____ African Americans is a carrier for sickle-cell anemia.

1 in 10

Approximately _____ percent of all low birth weight children are enrolled in special education programs.

50

Uma has just given birth. Assuming that the baby is perfectly average, and was born in the U.S., he is most likely to weigh _____ pounds, and would be approximately _____ inches long.

7½ pounds; 20 inches

Sheena would like to hang a picture above her baby's crib. Which of the following is likely to attract the most attention from the infant?

A drawing of a normal face

Infancy experts Mary Ainsworth and John Bowlby stress that _____ is an important ingredient in developing a strong bond between the infant and caregiver.

A quick, comforting response to the infant's cries

The developmental period, when one is an infant, adolescent, or middle-aged person, refers to:

A time frame in a person's life that is characterized by certain features

Schemes refer to:

Actions or mental representations that organize knowledge.

The _____ consists of an inner mass of cells that eventually develops into an embryo.

Blastocyst

For years, debate has focused on whether breast-feeding is better for the infant than bottle-feeding. The growing consensus is that:

Breast-feeding is better for the baby's health

_____ replaces traditional 15-minute physician visits with 90-minute peer group support settings and self-examination led by a physician or certified nurse-midwife.

Centering Pregnancy

Baby Luis interacts with his grandma and makes gurgling sounds in the back of his throat to express pleasure. This demonstrates _____

Cooing

Dr. Wilman is researching the place women occupy in families in Japan and the U.S. Dr. Wilman is conducting a(n) _____ study.

Cross-cultural

Separation protest is characterized by

Crying when the caregiver leaves.

Reaching in four-month-old infants is guided by:

Cues from muscles, tendons, and joints

The fiber that carries signals toward the neuron's cell body is called a(n):

Dendrite

According to John Bowlby, an infant's internal working model of attachment includes a simple mental model of the caregiver, their relationship, and the self as:

Deserving of nurturant care

In some cases, one gene of a pair always exerts its effects overriding the potential influence of the other gene. This is the _____ principle.

Dominant-recessive genes

Five weeks after conception, the developing organism is called a(n) _____

Embryo

The blastocyst is composed of an inner layer of cells that develops during the germinal period and that will finally develop into the _____.

Embryo

Carla is three-and-a-half weeks pregnant. This indicates that her child is in which of the following stages of prenatal development?

Embryonic

Trenton was playing in a sandbox. He was pouring sand from a short and wide fat container into a tall and narrow container. When he poured the sand into the tall and narrow container, it appeared as if it had more sand in it. Trenton could not figure out where the extra sand came from, and how it got into his container. As Trenton continues to try to solve this puzzle, he experiences considerable movement between states of cognitive _____ and _____ to produce cognitive change.

Equilibrium; Disequilibrium

One of the differences between Sigmund Freud and Erik Erikson is that:

Erikson emphasized the importance of both early and later experiences.

_____ correlations occur because a child's genetically influenced characteristics elicit certain types of environments.

Evocative genotype-environment

Identify the type of error that occurs when infants make the mistake of selecting a familiar hiding place rather than a new hiding place as they progress into Piaget's fourth substage of the sensorimotor stage.

F-not-N error

Priscilla just found out she is pregnant, and her doctor prescribed her a B-complex vitamin that promotes normal prenatal development and reduces the risk of preterm deliveries. Which of the following is the vitamin prescribed by Priscilla's doctor?

Folic acid

Tristan has a genetic disorder that results from an abnormality in the X chromosome, which becomes constricted and often breaks. His doctor informed Tristan's mother that he has:

Fragile X syndrome

_____ is the interaction of a specific measured variation in the DNA and a specific measured aspect of the environment.

Gene × environment (G × E) interaction

Combining the genes of two parents in offspring increases _____ in the population, which is valuable for a species because it provides more characteristics for natural selection to operate on.

Genetic variability

Which of the following identifies the order of the three periods of prenatal development in the correct sequence?

Germinal; embryonic; fetal

The term "generativity" as described in Erikson's seventh stage of development primarily reflects a concern for:

Helping the younger generation to develop and lead useful lives.

Which of the following methods is often used by researchers to assess an infant's attention to sound?

High-amplitude sucking

Dr. Perkins predicts that children who spend years playing a musical instrument are smarter than children who do not play music. This testable prediction is known as a(n) _____

Hypothesis

In which of the following circumstances should the mother NOT breast feed her baby?

If she has AIDS

Centering Pregnancy is an innovative prenatal care program provides complete prenatal care:

In group settings

Which of the following statements about first words is NOT correct?

Infants recognize their name by the age of 3 months.

Which of the following observations about social orientation of infants is FALSE?

Infants' affect displays during the still-face paradigm are not linked to secure attachment during infancy.

Natalie is in the Strange Situation, and she clings anxiously to her caregiver. She does not explore the playroom. She would most likely be classified as being _____.

Insecure resistant

11-month-old Maya points to her cup when she wants some water to drink. Maya's behavior:

Is considered appropriate for her age

Which of the following statements is true about MEG (magnetoencephalography)?

It is used in assessing an infant's brain activity

Baby Kendra, who is 6 days old, is presented with two breast pads. One comes from her mother, and the other has not been used. Which one will Kendra probably prefer?

Kendra will prefer her mother's breast pad.

A form of communication that is based on a system of symbols is called _____

Language

Identify a risk related to the use of chorionic villus sampling (CVS) as a prenatal diagnostic test

Limb deformity

According to Piaget, solving a puzzle is an example of a:

Mental scheme

Amniocentesis brings a small risk of:

Miscarriage

Dr. Tepper-Harmon believes that life-span development cannot be studied without considering biological, socioemotional, and cognitive dimensions. Dr. Tepper-Harmon believes that development is:

Mulridimensional

Children born low in birth weight are more likely than their normal birth weight counterparts to develop all of the following, EXCEPT:

Muscular dystrophy.

The most common infant sleep-related problem reported by parents is _____.

Nighttime waking

When she was a child, Anna's home was wrecked by a tornado and her neighbor was killed. More than 30 years later, she is still terrified of storms. This is an example of how a ____ event can influence a person's development.

Nonnormative life

The cultural makeup of the U.S. population has changed over the past few years due to immigration and other factors. Such long-term changes in the genetic and cultural makeup of a population are part of:

Normative historical change

The 35-year-old grandmother, the 65-year-old father of a preschooler, the 15-year old surgeon, and the 70-year-old student, all serve to illustrate that:

Old assumptions about the proper timing of life events no longer govern our lives

Klinefelter syndrome affects:

Only males

_____ has been the most consistent predictor of a secure attachment.

Parental sensitivity

In Baillargeon's view, infants have a pre-adapted, innate bias called the principle of _____ that explains their assumption that objects do not change their properties unless some external factor obviously intervenes.

Persistence

Marly describes her friend Gina as having blonde hair, green eyes, and fair skin with freckles. Marly has described Gina's _____

Phenotype

The word "toy" is an example of a _____.

Phoneme

Which of the following is the vascular organ that links the fetus to the mother's uterus?

Placenta

One day when Mark was crawling around, he fell down the stairs. After the doctor examined him, Mark's parents learned that he had damaged the parietal lobe. Mark's parents were told to expect that he would have difficulty with:

Registering spatial locations.

Nellie, 3, bangs her head against the wall repeatedly throughout the day. How could Skinner's concept of operant conditioning be applied to address this behavior?

Reward Nellie when she does not bang her head and punish the head-banging behavior

_____ refers to the meaning of words and sentences.

Semantics

Perceptual constancy is reflected when:

Sensory stimulation changes, but perception of the physical world remains constant

Joshua, a 2-year-old, has been diagnosed with _____, a blood disorder that limits the body's oxygen supply and can cause joint swelling and heart and kidney failure. This genetic disorder can be treated through penicillin, pain medication, antibiotics and blood transfusions. His doctor has indicated that a study named Baby HUG may offer a better drug in the future.

Sickle-cell anemia

Which of the following statements is TRUE about the different conditions that pose threats for newborns?

Small for date infants have below normal weight when the length of the pregnancy is considered

Three-month-old Zoey looks up at her mother and smiles. Researchers call this type of smiling:

Social smiling

Ethel is 50 years old but appears much more aged. Most of Ethel's relatives have not lived past the age of 60. Which of the following genes are responsible for the accelerated aging that is observed in Ethel and her family members?

Susceptibility genes

Sixteen-month-old Akel plays endlessly with a ball, rolling it, throwing it, using it to knock over other toys, standing on it, and trying to ride on it. Which of Jean Piaget's substages of the sensorimotor stage is represented by Akel's behavior?

Tertiary circular reactions

Which of the following is the Apgar Scale especially good at determining?

The newborn's ability to respond to stress of delivery

Which of the following is the Apgar Scale especially good at determining?

The severity of limb deformities of the newborn

Which of the following statements about the "young-old" is true?

They can develop strategies to cope with the gains and losses of aging.

Using habituation experiments, some researchers have found that infants as young as _____ can group together objects with similar appearances.

Three to four months

The first stage in Erickson's theory is:

Trust versus mistrust

Gwendolyn is having a prenatal test where her doctor uses high-frequency sound waves directed into her abdomen to check her fetus. She is most likely having a(n) ____

Ultrasound sonography

Child-directed speech is the:

Unique way that parents (and others) talk to babies.