PSY Exam 1 (ch 1)
Kenneth B. and Mamie P. Clark
1954 school desegregation; doll experiment
Scientific study that aims to solve practical problems
Applied research
Pure science that aims to increase scientific knowledge base
Basic Research
How are we diverse because of our differing genes and environment
Behavior genetics
Anything an organism does: blink, sweat, talk, etc
Behaviorism
The view that psychology: should be an objective science that studies behavior w/o reference to mental processes.
Behaviorism
First African American Ph.D of psy, 1933; studied non-academic development of Negro children in mixed/segregated schools
Beverly Inez Prosser
Genetic mutation, natural selection, genes respond to environment
Biological influences
Main levels of analysis
Biological, Psychological, social-cultural influences
Humanistic psychology: historic significant perspective that emphasized human growth potential
Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow
How we perceive, process, and remember info; cognitive roots of depression and anxiety, and other psychological disorders
Cognitive Revolution, 1960
r = +.94. R represents
Correlation
Examines assumptions, appraises the src, discerns hidden bias, evaluate evidence, assesses conclusion
Critical Thinking
Case Study, Naturalistic Study, Survey
Descriptive research methods
How are human alike because of common biology and evolutionary history?
Evolutionary psycology
College students who take a dosage of vitamin C daily will not get sick during the winter. Best way to test this statement is:
Experiement
A research method in which an investigator manipulates one or more factors (independent variable) to observe the effect on some behavior or mental processess (dependent variable)
Experiment
Wilhelm Wundt
Father of psychology; first school in Germany
Father of Black psy; first African American to receive Ph.D in psy
Francis Cecil Sumner
Emphasizes the ways our unconscious thought processes and emotional responses to childhood experiences affect our behavior
Freudian Ppsychology
College students who take a dosage of vitamin C daily will not get sick during the winter. This statement is an example of?
Hypothesis
82 member nations from Albania to Zimbabwe
International Union of Psychological Science
Pioneered study of learning; Russian psychologist
Ivan Pavlov
Last century's most influential observer of children; swiss
Jean Piaget
dismissed introspection and redefined psychology as "the scientific study of observable behavior"
John B. Watson and later B.F Skinner
Positive psychology
Martin Seligman
First woman president of APA 1905; pioneering memory researcher
Mary Whiton Calkins
A carefully worded statement with exact procedures (operations) used in a research study. For example, human intelligence may be operationally defined as what an intelligence test measures.
Operational Definition
A dosage of vitamin C is 500 mg and sick refers to having flu-like symptoms include fever. This statement is an example of:
Operational Definition
Nature-nurture; human traits present at birth or develop through experience?
Plato
Happiness is a byproduct of a pleasant, engaged, and meaningful life
Positive psychology
Learned fears and expectations, emotional responsibilities, cognitive processing and perceptual interpretations
Psychological influences
Neuroscience, Evolutionary, Behavioral genetics, psychodynamic, behavioral, cognitive, social-cultrual
Psychological perspectives
Assigning participants to experimental & control groups by chance, thus minimizing preexisting differences between different groups
Random assignment
Every person has an equal chance of being selected
Random sampling/selection
Repeat the original observations with different participants, materials, and circumstances.
Replicate
Fear can be learned; little Albert
Rosalie Raynor and John B. Watson
Personality theorist and therapist; Australian physician
Sigmund Freud
Unconscious thought processes and emotional response to childhood experiences affect our behavior
Sigmund Freud
Presence of others, cultural societal, family expectations, peer/other influences, compelling models (media)
Social-cultural influences
First school of thought
Structuralism and functionalism
Generate a theory that might explain this statement: College students who take a dosage of vitamin C daily will not get sick during the winter.
Vitamin C increases resistability to sickeness
Studied down-to-earth emotions, memories, willpower, habits; what function do they play to help people survive; thinking is inventive
William James
Correlation does not imply
causation
John B. Watson and Rosalie Raynor
psychology as scientific study of behavior; fear is learned
Edward Titchener
self-reflection, introspection, elements of experience
Psychology
the science of behavior and mental processes
