PSY200 (test#1) Chapters 1-3
The effects of neurotransmitters tend to be _________, whereas the effects of hormones tend to be _________.
faster; longer lasting
A group of pre-school-age children are enrolled in a study that plans to follow them over time in order to assess behaviors and other characteristics that may predict later development of schizophrenia. This is an example of a(n) _______ design.
longitudinal
According to William James, what was the true purpose of psychology?
Studying the function of behavior in the world.
------- is/are often conducted with large numbers of participants and can even be conducted by phone, email, or mail.
Surveys
_________ is a state of equilibrium, in which biological conditions (such as body temperature) are maintained at optimal levels.
Homeostasis
Which perspective within psychology that emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans?
Humanism
Which of the following research designs will allow cause-and-effect conclusions?
Experimental research
For which concept is Abraham Maslow best known?
Proposing a hierarchy of human needs in motivating behavior
Which of the following senses is not first routed through the thalamus?
Smell Taste Hearing Touch Smell
Which individual wrote Principles of Physiological Psychology and is credited with establishing the very first scientific laboratory of Psychology at the University of Leipzig in Germany?
Wilhelm Wundt
Which word is the most appropriate synonym for the term validity?
accuracy
A(n) __________ is the electrical signal that typically moves from the neuron's cell body down the axon to the axon terminals.
action potential
Penelope studies how the structure and function of the nervous system is related to behavior. She is a _____ .
biopsychologist
The two major divisions of the nervous system are the _________ and ________.
central; peripheral nervous system
Human eggs and sperm each contain 23 _________, which are composed of long strands of _________.
chromosomes; DNA
A(n) _________ variable is outside factor that affects both variables of interest in research and may falsely give the impression of a cause-and-effect relationship.
confounding
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are drugs commonly prescribed for ________.
depression
Lucy wants to study changes in physical attributes, cognitive skills, moral reasoning, and social behavior across the lifespan. Lucy should specialize in _____ psychology.
developmental
In a ________ study, both the research and the participants are unaware of the group assignments.
double blind
The theory of _________ states that organisms that are better suited for their environment will survive and reproduce, while those that are poorly suited for their environment will die off.
evolution by natural selection
The expression ''the whole is greater than the sum of its part'' would be most applicable to a person who studies ________ psychology, and older model that continues to influence areas like sensation and perception.
gestalt
In an experiment, the variable that is controlled or manipulated by the researcher is called the ________ variable.
independant
A negative correlation means ______.
one variable decreases as the other increases
The ability of a research study or psychological instrument to consistently produce a given results is called ________.
reliability
Stan and Jenny are in psychology course that requires them to repeat an experiment that researchers have conducted in the past, in order to determine whether they produce the same results. This is called _________.
replication
Psychology refers to the _____ .
scientific study of mind and behavior
Behaviorisms focuses on making psychology an objective science by _____ .
studying overt behavior and deemphasizing the importance of unobservable mental processes
The space between two neurons is called the __________.
synapse
The cognitive revolution created an impetus for psychologists to focus their attention on better understanding _____ .
the mind and mental processes that underlie behavior