PSY222 Quiz #2

Children learning a new language rule may not use it correctly. If a child uses a new rule with words that the rule is not appropriate for, then the child has ________ the rule.

overregulated

A specific version of a gene is called a(n)

allele

A sign of secure attachment is:

attempting to be close to the caregiver

Researchers placed a dot of rouge (makeup) on babies' noses and then had them look into a mirror. On average, at what age did most babies touch their own noses when they saw their reflection?

18 months

Which numbered pair of chromosomes determines the sex of a child?

23

Four-month-old Sylvia and 13-month-old Lizzy are left with a babysitter. How will they react?

Lizzy will probably show more stress than Sylvia

A new mother wants to breastfeed and has no health, social, or emotional reasons that would interfere with her desire. She consults with a breastfeeding specialist. What will she be told regarding the recommended approximate length of time to exclusively breastfeed her infant?

6 months

Typically, stranger wariness is first noticeable at:

6 months

Three-year-old Tristan's parents took him to the toy store. While there, he wanted to buy a Barbie. Which of the following would be the best parental response to the situation if Tristan's parents wanted him to do less gender stereotyping as he grew older?

Allow Tristan to purchase the Barbie.

The Love and Logic approach emphasizes the importance of providing loving support while helping children learn to be respectful and responsible. Which parenting style is similar to the Love and Logic approach?

Authoritative

Four-year-old Carmen is at the checkout counter with her mother. She sees a candy bar that she really wants. When her mother isn't looking, she grabs one, opens it, and takes a bite from it. Her mother notices the chocolate on her face as they are leaving and asks Carmen where she got chocolate. Carmen happily shows her mom the chocolate bar. Carmen's mom tells her that she should not steal and tells Carmen that she is now in trouble. Carmen never steals again. According to Freud, why would Carmen never steal again?

Carmen sees that her mother's reaction is negative, and through parental introjection, Carmen incorporates the idea that stealing is bad into her value system so that she will not lose love from her mother.

Which of the following is not a recessive trait or disease?

Huntington's Disease

Johann is five years old and even though he really struggles with shoe tying, he protests when his parents try to help him. According to Erikson, Johann does this because

Johann is exploring his own autonomy

Who would be LEAST likely to become pregnant with dizygotic twins?

Lindsey, a 20 year old woman who became pregnant without the use of fertility drugs

Tammy is playing blocks with a friend when she suddenly reaches for one of her friend's blocks and takes it. Right after she does this, Tammy says out loud in a scolding voice, "don't take from others without asking". According to Mead, what part of self is Tammy developing here?

Me

Ferdinando and Phylis decide to sit Lornia in time out each time she throws sand. They believe this will teach Lornia to stop throwing sand. What type of operant conditioning are they using?

Negative punishment

Ralphie and Braya are playing at beach. Ralphie wants Braya to play with him, but she is picking up seashell. Ralphie starts yelling "Braya, play! Braya, play!" He continues to yell until Braya comes over to play with him. Which type of conditioning is Ralphie using to increase Braya's time playing with him?

Negative reinforcement

Rikarius and Shannon are new parents of an infant. What is the #1 recommendation that they need to be aware of to create a safe sleep environment?

Place the baby on his or her back

Ferdinando and Phylis are taking their child, Lornia, to the beach. To their dismay, Lornia has a bad habit of throwing sand at the beach. They would like to devise a plan to teach Lornia to stop throwing sand. Using operant conditioning, which of the following principles could be applied?

Positive or negative punishment

Lornia has been in time out three times today for throwing sand. Her parents decide to pop her hand each time she throws sand. They hope that adding this adverse stimulus will teacher her to stop throwing sand. What form of operant conditioning are they using?

Positive punishment

Which of the following is an example of the use of fine motor skills?

Sonjia is playing a game where she holds her thumb and index finger about an inch apart. Her sister then drops a dollar through the opening and if Sonjia can "catch" it by pinching it, she can keep it

Do you want to play patty-cake? Nia asks her infant daughter. The baby responds by clapping her hands. In which stage of sensorimotor development is Nia's baby?

Stage 3

Amy is fascinated with the toilet. So far, her parents have caught her trying to flush a stuffed animal, a toy cell phone, and a handful of dog food. Which sensorimotor stage is Amy MOST likely in?

Stage 5

Mandy has been reading a lot of child development books and websites. She is becoming confused about what she should be looking for with her child's physical growth. Which of the following is true about a child's physical growth during early childhood?

The child will grow about 3 inches in height per year

Four-year-old Amy is playing with a truck. Which of the following is NOT likely to be true?

The other children are probably making fun of Amy.

For as long as Alessandro can remember his parents have been constantly arguing, often ignore him and his siblings for long periods of time, and he often does not get enough to eat. What sort of stress is Alessandro likely suffering from?

Toxic stress

An enduring emotional bond between people is known as

attachment

John is 20 months old, and his mother is in a hurry. She wants to put his shoes on him, but John rejects her efforts by squirming and declaring, No! Me! It takes him five minutes, and his shoes end up on the wrong feet, but he proudly skips out to the car when he's done. John is in Erikson's ________ stage.

autonomy vs. shame and doubt

Chien-Shiung has begun repeating syllables such as da-da-da-da and me-me-me-me-me. She is in the ________ stage of language development.

babbling

What are the two independent variables in this study? Hint: Each independent variable has two conditions (two variations).

behavior of the bouncer puppet: similar or dissimilar in food preference the type of puppet in the show: giver vs. taker

Humans may have developed taste preferences to help them avoid toxic food that may be harmful. Which of the following tastes are humans typically averse to for this reason?

bitter

Shelby is talking with her doctor about prenatal screening. She wants to know what will be covered in the screening. Which of the following is not a condition prenatal screening tests routinely screen for?

cancer

What is the number one cause of pregnancy-related death in the United States?

cardiovascular disease

Achmed and his sister, Talia, are getting snacks from their mom. Their mom grabs two different sized bowls from the cupboard—one is narrow and small, while the other is large and wide. She asks Achmed to count twenty goldfish crackers to put in each bowl. When he's done, Achmed sees his amount in the large, wide bowl, and he protests that Talia got more. This act of focusing all attention on one characteristic or dimension of a situation, whilst disregarding all others is known as ________.

centration

A DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material of an organism is called a(n)

chromosome

Expressions of insecure-resistant/ambivalent attachment include

clinging to the caregiver

Shalecia is noticing that her child has much better coordination between the left and right hemispheres. She is wondering what is behind this increased coordination, so she asks her doctor. Dr. Marti tells Shalecia that the growth spurt that occurs in the ________ results in improved coordination between right and left hemispheres.

corpus callosum

In the process of transient exuberance, great brain growth is seen, especially in the area of the ________.

dendrites

A male or female reproductive cell is called a(n) gamete

gamete

A sequences of DNA that control or partially control a number of characteristics is called a(n)

gene

Amy is a slow to warm up child. Her mother understands this and gives advance warning if new people or situations are going to be introduced which allows Amy to adapt more easily. This is an example of

goodness-of-fit

When children are immunized, they contribute to the protection of others. This is referred to as:

herd immunity

James uses the word more to mean I want another cookie. In this case, more is a(n)

holophrase

Which of the following studies would give the greatest insight into the nature vs. nurture debate?

identical twin study

Angie does not notice when her mother leaves the day-care center and ignores her mother when she returns. Angie's behavior is characteristic of a toddler with

insecure-avoidant attachment

The difference between gross and fine motor skills is whether they

involve bigger or smaller muscles

Susie presents to the pediatrician's office with the following symptoms: unusual swelling of her toddler's face and abdomen and thin, colorless hair. What is the probable diagnosis?

kwashiorkor

Having seen this experiment, do you expect that children will prefer the moose in the green shirt or the moose in the red shirt?

moose in green shirt

Which moose do you think the children will prefer: the moose with the green shirt who gives it back to the "mean elephant" or the moose in the red shirt who takes it away from the "mean elephant"?

moose in red shirt

Which drug is the safest to take during pregnancy?

no drugs are 100% safe to take during the pregnancy

Delia is trying to help two-year-old Simon understand that he should eat his cereal and not throw his cereal to the ground. When she first gives Simon his cereal, before he has had a chance to really throw it, Delia tells Simon, "Simon, I like the way you are eating your cereal!" What type of conditioning is Delia using to help Simon learn?

operant conditioning

Madison is five years old and loves to play make-believe, draw, dance ballet, and play basketball with her older sister. Piaget would say that Madison is still developing her use of logical rules, also referred to as ________.

operations

Howard's mother is taking a psychology course in college. She is concerned that her three-year-old is capable of sexual arousal, but better understands his behavior after learning about modern sexual development theory. According to the theory, three-year-old Howard is capable of sexual arousal that includes:

physical arousal

The best example of a fine motor skill we may see in a baby/toddler is

pinching small objects (e.g. cherrios)

Ralphie and Braya's parents are happy that their children are playing together. They want to increase the likelihood that Ralphie and Braya will play together in the future. Which types of operant conditioning could Ralphie and Braya's parents use to increase the amount of time their children play together?

positive or negative reinforcement

Miracle is a devoted mom of two picky toddlers. She wants her kids to eat healthily and understands that struggles over food are bad because ________.

power struggles can teach your child to eat or refuse to eat in order to gain favor or express anger toward someone else

Which of the following is the dependent variable in this study?

reaching behavior when shown the puppets

Which of the following is the dependent variable?

reaching behavior when shown the puppets

By 10 months of age, David has a vocabulary of a dozen words. B. F. Skinner would have attributed David's rapid speech development mainly to:

the amount his parents talk to him

The average newborn triples her birthweight in:

the first year

One of the most important factors to consider in choosing a daycare is

the student to teacher ratio

Which of the following is the independent variable?

the type of puppet: giver vs taker

Charlee is 4 and has begun to understand that her mind is capable of holding thoughts that are incorrect. Charlee is developing ________.

theory of mind

The first crisis of life, according to Erikson, is

trust vs mistrust

Sadie is a 4-month-old baby. During the sensorimotor stage, the main task for Sadie is to

uses senses and motor skills to understand the world

The sense that is the least developed at birth is:

vision

JaNola is said to be securely attached to her mother. Secure attachment makes a toddler

willing to explore

Put the stages of prenatal development in the correct order.

zygote, embryo, fetus