PSYC 110 CHAPTER 1

Psychologists today who focus on the adaptive function of behaviors and emotions (that is, those who study behaviors and emotions that appear to have allowed our ancestors to survive) would likely consider _____ an early representative of their approach to psychology

William James

The early school of psychology called functionalism was largely influenced by the ideas of _____.

William James

Your professor directs a child and adolescent clinic that specializes in shaping behavior through rewards and consequences. This clinic is based on the _____ branch of psychology.

behaviorism

While chair of the psychology department at Howard University, this student of William James oversaw the graduation of more African Americans into the ranks of psychologists than all other colleges and universities combined at the time.

Francis C. Sumner

The founder of the American Psychological Association was _____.

G. Stanley Hall

_______ emphasizes the influence of the current environment on one's growth potential

Humanistic psychology

_____ pioneered early research demonstrating that an association between a neutral stimulus and an automatic behavior could be learned.

Ivan Pavlov

Early research demonstrating that an association between a neutral stimulus and an automatic behavior could be learned, was pioneered by:

Ivan Pavlov.

This student of Sumner did research on the negative effects of discrimination which was instrumental in the U.S. Supreme Court's decision to end school segregation.

Kenneth Bancroft Clark

The student of Titchener who was the first American woman to receive a Ph.D. in psychology was _____.

Margaret Floy Washburn

In 1879, _____ created the very first psychology laboratory in Germany.

Wilhelm Wundt

Which school of psychology is most clearly concerned with the adaptive value of complex mental processes?

functionalism

The _____ school of psychology was most clearly concerned with the adaptive value of complex mental processes.

functionalist

Lauren believes that all people have free will and can reach their full potential. Lauren's beliefs are MOST closely aligned with which psychological theory?

humanistic psychology

The "third force" in American psychology is often referred to as _____

humanistic psychology

The purpose of Freud's psychoanalytic approach to therapy is to:

identify one's unconscious thoughts and bring them into one's awareness.

Marissa's therapist frequently asks her questions about her dreams and early childhood memories. Her therapist is MOST likely a _____ psychologist.

psychoanalytic

Compared with the structuralists, early behaviorists were much LESS apt to focus on the study of:

thinking.

The theory of motivation developed by humanistic psychologist _____ emphasizes psychological growth.

Abraham Maslow

_____ stresses the importance of studying observable behaviors and ignores the mental processes involved in different tasks.

Behaviorism

Abraham Maslow's ideas could be viewed as MOST similar to those of:

Carl Rogers.

Researchers today can use technology such as CAT scans and fMRI scans to measure brain activity. Some researchers ask their subjects to describe elements of their experiences (e.g., sensations, images, feelings) while undergoing these scans. This technique of introspection is similar to the methodology of psychologist _____.

Edward Titchener

Charles Darwin's influence on psychology can be attributed to his ideas about:

adaptation and environment

Psychology was initially focused on _____ and analyzing the subjective feelings and thoughts of a person's experiences

consciousness

Wilhelm Wundt, often credited as "the founder of psychology," was perhaps most known for

emphasizing the use of experimental methods to study mental processes.

Researchers today can use technology such as CAT scans and fMRI scans to measure brain activity. Some researchers ask their subjects to describe elements of their experiences (e.g., sensations, images, feelings) while undergoing these scans. This technique of _____ is similar to the methodology of psychologist Edward Titchener.

introspection

The structuralist approach was both applauded and criticized for its emphasis on _____.

introspection

Which research method did structuralists introduce to identify the basic elements of the human mind?

introspection

Edward B. Titchener used the method known as:

introspection.

Ivan Pavlov pioneered the study of:

learning

Is alcohol abuse biologically determined or culturally influenced? This debate is most relevant to:

nature and nurture.

It is 1965, and Professor Skinner is lecturing in an introductory course. He defines psychology as "the scientific study of _____ behavior."

observable

In order to measure the otherwise unobservable mental processes of the mind, early scientists applied the methods of _____ to study mental processes

physiology

Edward B. Titchener (1867-1927) started a school of thought in psychology called _____

structuralism

Titchener is to _____ as Freud is to psychoanalysis

structuralism

Which school of psychology is most clearly concerned with the basic components of conscious experiences?

structuralism