PSYC-2314 Chapter 1

If two people earn similar incomes and have about the same educational background, they share the same A) socioeconomic status. B) normative status. C) cultural standing. D) ethnicity.

A) socioeconomic status

The periods of development in the human life span are A) solely biological in nature. B) produced by an interplay of biological, cognitive, and socioemotional processes. C) primarily a reflection of brain development. D) occur at exactly the same age for everyone.

B) produced by an interplay of biological, cognitive, and socioemotional processes.

Who is the behaviorist best known for his theory of operant conditioning? A) Lorenz B) Bandura C) Skinner D) Piaget

C) Skinner

Select all that apply Cognitive processes refer to changes in which of the following areas? relationships physical nature language intelligence thought

Language intelligence Thought

______ age refers to connectedness with others and the roles that individuals adopt.

Social

Age has been conceptualized in which of the following ways?

Socially Psychologically Chronologically Biologically

An older adult with which of the following personality traits is most likely to be psychologically young?

conscientiousness

Which of the following characterizes the middle adulthood period of development?

It is a period of expanding personal and social involvement, career achievement, and responsibility.

Select all that apply Jeremy is 14. Which of the following are examples of socioemotional processes that he might be experiencing? He is growing taller very rapidly. His relationship with his parents is changing. His voice is deeper than it was 2 years ago. He is able to think hypothetically and imagine things beyond concrete experiences. He is nervous and excited about asking a date to go with him to the dance.

His relationship with his parents is changing. he is nervous and excited about asking a date to go with him to the dance.

The ____________period of development is the time from conception to birth. (Watch your spelling!)

Prenatal

Which of the following are factors in which ethnicity is rooted? race cultural heritage socioeconomic status nationality

Race Cultural heritage Nationality

Select all that apply Which of the following are examples of normative age-graded influences? A 16-year-old learns to drive. A 90-year-old finds that her physical health is declining. A 20-year-old is affected by the outbreak of a war. An 8-year-old breaks his arm.

A 16-year old learns to drive. A 90-year old finds that her physical health is declining.

Which of these would be an example of a cross-cultural study? A) A U.S. researcher compares the labor and delivery experiences of women in the United States versus Nigeria. B) A Moroccan psychologist studies people's religious views and health practices. C) A British researcher goes to Thailand to learn about educational practices there. D) A student researcher compares the experiences of younger versus older refugees fleeing a civil war.

A) A U.S. researcher compares the labor and delivery experiences of women in the United States versus Nigeria.

______ processes are changes in an individual's thinking, intelligence, and language. A) Cognitive B) Behavioral C) Biological D) Emotional

A) Cognitive

The pattern of movement or change that begins at conception and continues through the human life span is known as A) development. B) life expectancy. C) context. D) identity.

A) Development

______ theories view development as being primarily the result of unconscious processes. A) Psychoanalytic B) Behaviorist C) Cognitive D) Ethological

A) Psychoanalytic

A person's _____ age refers to connectedness with others and the roles that individuals adopt. A) Social B) Cognitive C) Psychological D) Biological

A) Social

An older adult with which of the following personality traits is most likely to be psychologically young? A) conscientiousness B) grit C)extraversion D)neuroticism

A) conscientiousness

The pattern of movement or change that begins at conception and continues through the human life span is known as A) development. B) life expectancy. C) identity. D) context.

A) development

Amanda is engaging in much more logical and abstract thought than she used to, and she has become quite idealistic. She is far more interested in spending time with her friends than with her family. Amanda is most likely in the developmental period of A) late childhood. B) adolescence. C) early adulthood. D) middle childhood.

B) Adolescence

Joey is 21 years old. He is looking at his career options and who and what he wants to be. These choices are typical of an individual in the stage of Blank______ adulthood. A) First B) Emerging B) Adolescent D) Middle

B) Emerging

According to ______, eight stages of development unfold as an individual goes through life, and a unique developmental task confronts the individual at each stage. A) Skinner B) Erikson C) Bowlby D) Piaget

B) Erikson

Development is the pattern of movement or change that: A) begins at adolescence and continues through the human life span. B) begins at conception and continues through the human life span. C) begins at conception and ends on reaching adulthood. D) begins at conception and ends at adolescence.

B) begins at conception and continues through the human life span.

What developmental period lasts from birth to approximately 18 to 24 months? A) prenatal B) infancy C) early childhood D) toddlerhood

B) infancy

The younger a person's biological age, the A) less likely they are to have appropriate adaptive capabilities. B) longer they are expected to live. C) more likely they are to experience health problems. D) younger their chronological age.

B) longer they are expected to live. Reason: Regardless of chronological age, the younger the person's biological age, the longer the

A ______ life event is an unusual occurrence that has a major influence on a person's life and may not occur for other people at the same time. A) normative B) nonnormative C) history-graded D) contextual

B) nonnormative

Sylvia is a 29-year-old top professional tennis player. Sylvia is no longer winning as many games as she used to. Her body is no longer at its physical peak. It makes Sylvia sad and worried to imagine a future in which she is no longer a top tennis player. This example illustrates ______. A) an interaction between cognitive and biological processes B) the interaction of biological, cognitive, and socioemotional processes C) an interaction between biological and socioemotional processes D) an interaction between cognitive and socioemotional processes

B) the interaction of biological, cognitive, and socioemotional processes

Select all that apply Select the three areas of development. Educational Biological Emotional Cognitive Socioemotional

Biological Cognitive Socioemotional

The ______ period is the developmental period from about 6 to 11 years of age, approximately A) middle and late childhood B) prenatal C) adolescent D) early childhood or preschool

C) Adolescent

The key aspect of development according to Skinner is A) Thoughts B) Feelings C) Behavior D) Unconscious motivations

C) Behavior

Sharon is becoming more self-sufficient and can follow instructions. She is even learning to identify letters. She is in the ______ period of development. A) middle and late childhood B) emerging adulthood C) early childhood D) adolescent

C) Early childhood

Events or trends (such as social or economic trends) that are common to members of a particular generation are known as ______ influences. A) nonnormative B) contextual C) normative history-graded D)normative age-graded

C) Normative history-graded

______ age refers to an individual's ability to adapt to change as compared to other people who have lived the same amount of time. A) Biological Reason:This is a person's age in terms of biological health. B) Chronological Reason:This is a person's age in terms of years elapsed since birth. C) Psychological D)Social Reason:Social age refers to connectedness with others and the social roles individuals adopt.

C) Psychological

An older adult with which of the following personality traits is most likely to be psychologically young? A) grit B) extraversion C) conscientiousness D) neuroticism

C) conscientiousness

Adele and Bettina shared the experience of the Cuban missile crisis during their senior year in high school. This is an example of a A) normative grade-level influence. B) normative age-graded influence. C) normative history-graded influence. D) nonnormative life event.

C) normative history-graded influence

Select all that apply Which of the following are examples of biological processes that affect development? changes in personality language development cardiovascular decline weight gain brain development hormonal changes of puberty acts of aggression against a peer genes inherited from parents

Cardiovascular decline Weight gain Hormonal changes of puberty Genes inherited from parents

Which of the following best describes Erikson's theory of development? A) A theoretical view that the key factors in development are behavior, environment, and cognition. B) Multiple stages motivated by sex, and if the need for pleasure is undergratified or overgratified, an individual may be locked in that stage. C) A four-stage theory of child cognitive development in which children actively construct their understanding of the world. D) A multistage theory in which a developmental task in each stage confronts individuals with a crisis that must be resolved.

D) A multistage theory in which a developmental task in each stage confronts individuals with a crisis that must be resolved.

Biological age is determined by the A) individual's ability to adapt to changing circumstances. B) number of years that have elapsed since a person's birth. C) ability of a person to function in society. D) functioning capacities of a person's vital organs.

D) functioning capacities of a person's vital organs.

Psychoanalytic theories of development place heavy emphasis on the role of A) Free will B) Genetics C) The unconscious D) Experiences later in life

Unconscious

Mike lost a friend in a car crash during his senior year in high school. This would be considered a(n) _______ life event, because it made a major impact on Mike, but not everyone. A) normative age-graded B) nonnormative history-graded C) normative history-graded D) nonnormative

D) nonnormative

The younger a person's biological age, the A) longer they are expected to live B) less likely they are to have appropriate adaptive capabilities C) more likely they are to experience health problems D) younger their chronological age

A) longer they are expected to live Reason: Regardless of chronological age, the younger the person's biological age, the longer the person is expected to live.

An older adult with which of the following personality traits is most likely to be psychologically young? A) Neuroticism B) Extraversion C) Grit D) Conscientiousness

D) Conscientiousness

What term describes the beliefs, customs, and general behavior patterns of a group of people? A) socioeconomic status B) ethnicity C)race D) culture

D) Culture

Joey is 21 years old. He is looking at his career options and who and what he wants to be. These choices are typical of an individual in the stage of Blank______ adulthood. A) middle B) adolescent C) first D) emerging

D) Emerging

Developmentalists believe that biological, cognitive, and socioemotional processes A) operate independently as people develop. B) depend on environmental contexts. C) are not all present at the same time as people develop. D) interact as people develop.

D) Interact as people develop

Which of the following characterizes the middle adulthood period of development? A) It is a period in which personal and economic independence, career development, mate selection, and having children are prominent. B) It is a time of rapid physical changes. C) Achievement becomes a central theme and self-control increases. D) It is a period of expanding personal and social involvement, career achievement, and responsibility.

D) It is a period of expanding personal and social involvement, career achievement, and responsibility.

Julie has mastered the basic skills of reading, writing, and arithmetic, and very motivated to do well in school. Julie is most likely in the developmental period of A) early childhood. B) adolescence. C) early adulthood. D) middle childhood.

D) Middle childhood

______ age refers to an individual's ability to adapt to change as compared to other people who have lived the same amount of time. A) Biological B) Chronological C) Social D) Psychological

D) Psychological Reason: Social age refers to connectedness with other and the social roles individuals adopt.

Which of the following statements are consistent with the basic premises of Erikson's psychosocial theory? Select all that apply Developmental stages must be passed through without over gratification in order to avoid fixation Developmental stages need to generate severe disequilibrium in order to move to the next stage Developmental stages are characterized by developmental tasks that must be resolved Developmental stages are turning points marked by increased vulnerability and enhanced potential.

Developmental stages are characterized by developmental tasks that must be resolved Developmental stages are turning points marked by increased vulnerability and enhanced potential

The transition from adolescence to adulthood, lasting from about age 18 to 25 and characterized by exploration and experimentation, is referred to as ________ adulthood.

Emerging