Psyc 475 final
David Wechsler created__________________________.
a test of intelligence.
Based on current reviews and meta-analyses, we can say that telepsychology generally appears to work _________
about as well as in-person forms of psychotherapy.
Eli Todd is most notable for ________________.
advocating for humane treatment of the mentally ill in the United States.
The term common factors refers to the idea that ______.
all therapies with these can work well
The "dodo bird verdict" refers to the finding that ______.
all therapies work just as well as each other
Which of the following is not a step in the experimental method? development of a hypothesis empirical testing of the hypothesis altering data to fit the hypothesis observation of events
altering data to fit the hypothesis
Compared to Ph.D. programs, PsyD programs ___________________________.
are more often housed in "professional schools" rather than departments of psychology in universities.
If a therapist takes an assimilative approach to therapy, they ___________________________.
are willing to use techniques from another orientation along with mainly using their orientation
The discipline of clinical psychology did not come into existence until ________________.
around the turn of the 20th century.
According to recommended models of ethical decision-making (e.g., Fisher, 2017), it is important to ____________.
consult any law or professional guidelines relevant to the situation at hand
Based on the discussion in the textbook, a good definition for clinical psychology should ______________.
contain reference to the science, theory, and practice of this broad field.
Which of the following behavioral psychotherapy techniques is primarily based on operant conditioning?
contingency management
Once a clinical psychologist is licensed, many states require the accumulation of a specific number of ______ in order to renew their license.
continuing education units.
Advocates of prescription privileges for clinical psychologists cite __________________ as support for their argument.
convenience for clients
______, according to psychodynamic psychotherapists, is the therapist's unconscious tendency to interact with clients as if the client is very similar to an individual from the therapist's own personal history.
countertransference
The current edition of the DSM includes a glossary listing _______________, which represent psychological problems observed in groups from various parts of the world.
cultural concepts of distress
For contemporary psychotherapists, the most relevant implication of the finding in the Tarasoff case is the ___________________.
duty to warn
A(n) ______ approach to psychotherapy involves selecting the best treatment for a given client based on empirical data from studies of the treatment of similar clients
eclectic
Dr. Grant is a practicing clinical psychologist who is thinking about using a new treatment for anxiety with patients in his practice. If he is most concerned with how this new treatment works in the real world, Dr. Grant will be most interested in published studies that discuss the treatment's ______________.
effectiveness
The ______ perspective recognizes and emphasizes culturally specific norms and considers a client's behaviors, thoughts, and feelings within the context of that client's culture.
emic
There have been four major "forces" in the field of clinical psychology. Which of the following lists these forces in correct historical order (from earliest to most recent)?
psychoanalysis, behaviorism, humanism, multiculturalism
The "blank screen" role of the psychotherapist is most important to ______ psychotherapists.
psychodynamic
At the core of acceptance and commitment therapy is helping a client to develop _____________________
psychological flexibility
Two amendments were added to the APA code of ethics in 2010. These amendments emphasize that __________________________.
psychologists cannot use ethical standards from the code to justify or defend violation of human rights.
According to irvin Yalom, group therapy is most successful when group therapists
take advantage of the fact that clients will display their problematic tendencies toward other group members
According to the humanistic approach, there are three essential therapeutic conditions that characterize successful therapist-client relationships. What are the three?
empathy, unconditional positive regard, genuineness
According to surveys of psychologists in private practice (e.g., Murphy et al., 1998), managed care companies have ____________________
exerted too much control over clinical decisions.
Which three factors did Grotberg (2003) suggest contribute to resilience in children?
external supports, inner strengths, and interpersonal problem-solving skills
Some clinical child psychologists divide children's psychological problems into ______ disorders, such as ADHD, and ______ disorders, such as depression.
externalizing; internalizing
The genogram is an assessment technique used most often by _____________ therapists.
family
Compared to psychodynamic psychotherapy, cognitive psychotherapy tends to_______________________
focus on the client's current problems
Ron is a psychotherapy client who senses that certain unconscious material will soon be exposed. This makes him anxious, so he abruptly changes the subject and then misses his next appointment. Ron's psychodynamic psychotherapist is likely to understand Ron's actions as ______.
freudian slip? or defense mechanism
Although psychological symptoms may appear maladaptive, they are often in fact adaptive within the family environment of the individual. Family therapists refer to this idea as _______________.
functionalism
According to surveys of clinical psychologists since 1960, the popularity of cognitive therapy ______.
has increased
When a client's preference for type of psychotherapy is honored, it ______.
helps it be more successful
According to the cognitive approach to psychotherapy, psychological problems arise from ______________________.
illogical thoughts or interpretations of events in our lives
The term ______ succinctly captures the primary goal of psychodynamic psychotherapy
insight?
Most group therapies strongly emphasize ______________________, taking advantage of the fact that the group therapy experience is based on interacting with other people.
interpersonal interaction
Which of the following statements is FALSE? Answers: The Society for the Study of Ethnic Minority Issues is an APA division that illustrates clinical psychology's current focus on multicultural issues. Although none has emerged yet, the American Psychological Association plans to introduce new divisions within its organization devoted to cultural issues such as gender, religion, sexual orientation, and ethnicity. The APA ethical code instructs psychologists to work with cultural sensitivity and competence. Currently, when the American Psychological Association considers accrediting a graduate program in psychology, there are criteria related to multiculturalism that must be met.
Although none has emerged yet, the American Psychological Association plans to introduce new divisions within its organization devoted to cultural issues such as gender, religion, sexual orientation, and ethnicity.
The DSM is published by the __________________.
American Psychiatric Association.
___________ can be defined as full engagement with one's own internal mental processes in a nonconfrontational way, which often involves a reduction in _________________.
Mindfulness; experiential avoidance
______ is a type of family therapy designed for adolescents with long-term behavioral and emotional problems that have resulted in trouble with the legal system.
Multisystemic therapy
Currently, the most popular singular psychotherapy orientation among clinical psychologists is the _______________ orientation
cognitive
________________ are considered leaders in the cognitive therapy movement.
Aaron Beck and Albert Ellis
Which of the following is TRUE? Answers:A. It is generally acceptable practice for a clinical psychologist to begin treating a culturally dissimilar client with no knowledge of that client's culture and to require a client to explain all culturally relevant information to the clinical psychologist. B. Most research suggests that cultural self-awareness on the part of a clinical psychologist does little to improve treatment effectiveness. C. It is generally unacceptable practice for a clinical psychologist to openly and directly acknowledge cultural differences with a client. D. Cultural self-awareness is generally important for all psychologists, regardless of their own cultural backgrounds.
D. Cultural self-awareness is generally important for all psychologists, regardless of their own cultural backgrounds.
___________________________ refers to the success of a particular therapy in a controlled study conducted with clients who were chosen according to particular study criteria.
Efficacy
________________ refers to the generalizability of the result of a scientific study or the extent to which the same finding is applicable to different settings and populations.
External validity
Dr. James "forgets" to unlock the front door to his office on a Saturday when his only patient is Millie, a loud, disagreeable woman who often yells during therapy sessions. According to the psychodynamic school of thought, Dr. James has committed a ______.
Freudian slip
The _________________ section of the current ethical code includes aspirational ideals regarding the behavior of clinical psychologists, as opposed to enforceable rules of conduct.
General Principles
__________________, feelings of interconnectedness among group members, plays the same role in group therapy that the therapeutic alliance plays in individual therapy.
Group cohesiveness
In the early 1900's, _________________ argued that the classical conditioning lessons learned from Ivan Pavlov's experiments with dogs should apply to humans also.
John Watson
The first person to use the term clinical psychology in print was
Lightner Witmer
Which of the following is TRUE? Answers: In-class discussion of one's own cultural background has emerged as the "best method" for training clinical psychologists to be culturally competent. Conducting psychotherapy under supervision with members of varied cultures has emerged as the "best method" for training clinical psychologists to be culturally competent. No single "best method" has emerged for training clinical psychologists to be culturally competent Requiring clinical psychology graduate students to publicly proclaim a commitment to diversity has emerged as the "best method" for training culturally competent clinicians.
No single "best method" has emerged for training clinical psychologists to be culturally competent
___________________________ tests assume that people reveal their personalities by their responses to ambiguous stimuli, while ______________________________ tests offer straightforward scoring and interpretation guidelines and are often in multiple-choice or true-false format.
Projective personality; objective personality.
Which of the following most accurately summarizes the body of empirical research on the outcome of psychotherapy with children and adolescents?
Psychotherapy with children and adolescents produces significant improvement.
________________ is a cognitive-behavioral techniques for children in which therapists teach kids behaviors that improve their interactions with others.
Social skills training
_______________________________ is the primary developer of Emotionally Focused Therapy.
Sue Johnson
In acceptance and commitment therapy, committed actions are _______________________
behavioral responses that the client chooses to move them in the direction of what matters most to them.
The idea that clinical psychologists strive to benefit the patients with whom they work, while at the same time ensuring they do not harm them is best captured by which ethical principle?
beneficence and nonmaleficence
Dialetical behavior therapy, developed by Marsha Linehan, has been found effective in the treatment of _______________.
borderline personality disorder
Compared to humanistic and psychodynamic approaches to psychotherapy, behavioral psychotherapy _________________.
both emphasizes empiricism and defines problems in terms of observable behavior
When the client is a child, the clinical psychologist's interview process typically includes ___________________.
both the child and adults who know the child well
The term evidence-based practice includes ___________________.
both the psychological treatment of a disorder and factors related to the people providing and receiving the psychological service.
For the profession of clinical psychology, confidentiality _____________________________.
can ethically be broken in specific situations
The cognitive thought distortion defined as expecting the worst in the future when it is actually unlikely to occur is ____________________
catastrophizing
Stacy tries to enroll in a therapy group for individuals suffering from depression. However, she is informed she will have to wait several weeks until a new series of group meetings begins. Individuals who wish to participate in the depressions group, she learns, must attend from the very first session. This depression group is using ______________________
closed-enrollment
A(n) _________________ is a statistical method of combining results from multiple studies to create a summation of its finding
meta-analysis
Lane is attending a clinical psychology graduate program that subscribes to the Boulder Model of training. Which of the following would Lane NOT experience in his program if it truly adheres to the Boulder Model?
minimization of clinical training with a heavy emphasis on research training.
A basic premise of ________________ therapy is that by "editing" the "life stories" clients tell themselves, clients can improve their mental health.
narrative
According to Cummings (2007), _________________ of prescriptions written for psychoactive medications come from primary-care physicians.
over 80%
Carrie is writing a personal statement to include with her application to a clinical psychology graduate program. Which of the following should she NOT include in her personal statement?
overly personal or revealing information, such as a mental health diagnosis.
Clinical psychologists may develop, validate, or expand the use of psychological instruments such as the MMPI-2 and the WAIS-IV. Such activity is an example of ____________________.
research assessment methods
James receives his doctorate in psychology in the late 1800s. Upon graduation, he is most likely to find employment as a ___________________.
researcher in an academic setting.
Humanistic psychotherapists believe that individuals are born with a tendency toward healthy growth. The term that best describes this tendency is ______.
self-actualization
Some clinical psychologists criticize the DSM, stating some disorders' symptoms are difficult to distinguish from normal behavior. This criticism best illustrates the debate surrounding ___________________.
the overexpansion of mental disorders.
The term third-wave therapies is most often applied to _______
therapies based on mindfulness and acceptance