PSYC225 exam 3 study set

Play allows children to work off frustrations and analyze their conflicts and coping mechanisms in a nonthreatening environment. This idea most closely aligns with ______ views of play. Multiple choice question. a.) Berlyne and Vygotsky's b.) Freud and Erikson's c.) Birnbaum and Piaget's d.) Chomsky and Berlyne's

b

What type of emotion includes embarrassment, guilt, pride, and shame? a.) self-aware b.) primary c.) self-conscious d.) secondary

c

With few exceptions, ______ parenting has been associated with child competence in research across a wide range of ethnic groups, social strata, cultures, and family structures. Multiple choice question. a.) authoritarian b.) neglectful c.) indulgent d.) authoritative

d

Which of the following most accurately describes the interactions between young girls in same-sex groups? Multiple choice question. a.) careless b.) conflictual c.) competitive d.) collaborative

d

Which of the following most characterizes authoritative parenting? Multiple choice question. a.) punitive style b.) limited demands and controls c.) demands for respect for parental work and effort d.) verbal give-and-take

d

Which of the following statements about gender is true? a.) Gender has very little influence on one's identity. b.) Gender is exclusively biological. c.) Gender and sex are synonymous (mean the same thing). d.) Gender refers to the characteristics of people as females or males.

d

Which term refers to parents who monitor children's emotions, view negative emotions as teaching moments, assist in labeling emotions, and train their children in how to deal effectively with emotions? a.) authoritarian parents b.) emotion-dismissing parents c.) permissive parents d.) emotion-coaching parents

d

1.) neglectful parenting- 2.) authoritative parenting- 3.) authoritarian parenting- 4.) indulgent parenting-

-uninvolved -encourages independence, verbal give-and-take, nurturing -restrictive, punitive, firm limits and controls -highly involved, but few demands or controls

In which of the following ways does play encourage exploratory behavior? Multiple select question. 1.) by offering complexity and uncertainty 2.) by offering incongruity 3.) by offering novelty and surprise 4.) by offering structure and predictability

1, 2, 3

Which of the following are self-conscious emotions? Multiple select question. 1.) pride 2.) guilt 3.) embarrassment 4.) fear 5.) shame

1, 2, 3, 5

The television show Sesame Street has been linked with producing positive outcomes in which of the following? 1.) cognitive skills 2.) attitudes toward outgroups 3.) focus and attention 4.) learning about the world

1, 2, 4

What are the behaviors that boys are likely to engage in when interacting in same-sex groups? Multiple select question. 1.) rough-and-tumble play 2.) conflict 3.) quiet play 4.) competition

1, 2, 4

Which of the following are among the negative influences that television viewing has on children? Multiple select question. 1.) teaching stereotypes and unrealistic world views 2.) promoting passive learning 3.) increasing information beyond one's immediate environment 4.) distracting them from homework

1, 2, 4

Which of the following are characteristic of children whose parents are neglectful? Multiple select question. 1.) immaturity 2.) social incompetence 3.) self-control 4.) inability to handle independence 5.) prosocial behavior 6.) low self-esteem

1, 2, 4, 6

Select all that apply Children use unrealistic positive overestimations because of which of the following? Multiple select question. 1.) They rarely engage in social comparison. 2.) They have not yet been able to discern between telling the truth and lying. 3.) They compare their present abilities with what they could do at an earlier age. 4.) They have difficulty differentiating between their desired and actual competence.

1, 3, 4

Which key elements are important to improving the adjustment of children of divorce? Multiple select question. 1.) the use of the authoritative parenting style 2.) multiple daily phone contact between the children and the out-of-home parent 3.) being sure the divorced parents live within close proximity to one another 4.) a harmonious relationship between the divorced parents

1, 4

Select all that apply What characteristics do young children (age 3) often use in their self-descriptions? Multiple select question. 1.) physical activities 2.) personality styles 3.) spiritual beliefs 4.) material attributes 5.) physical attributes

1, 4, 5

Which of the following factors influence the risk of and vulnerability to negative consequences of divorce for a child? Multiple select question. 1.) child's predivorce adjustment 2.) length of parents' marriage 3.) child's outside interests 4.) child's personality and temperament 5.) custody situation

1, 4, 5

Research has shown some children from divorced families are more likely to have which of the following? Multiple select question. 1.) drug issues 2.) high self-worth 3.) secure attachments 4.) depression 5.) academic problems 6.) anxiety

1, 4, 5, 6

Which of the following are likely characteristics for children of authoritarian parents? Multiple select question. 1.) anxiety about comparing themselves with others 2.) unhappiness and fearfulness 3.) weak communication skills 4.) failure to initiate activity 5.) highly indulgent with their children

1. 3. 2, 4

Which of the following are characteristics that children younger than 5 or 6 years old would use when describing the differences between themselves and a friend? Multiple select question. 1.) personality 2.) height 3.) hair color 4.) sense of humor

2, 3

Baumrind argued that parents should NOT do which of the following? Multiple select question. 1.) develop rules for their children 2.) leave children to make their own rules 3.) show affection to their children 4.) be punitive or aloof

2, 4

Emotion-coaching

The child can focus attention better. The child is able to regulate negative affect.

Emotion-dismissing

The child is less able to focus attention. The child shows poor emotion regulation.

According to Daniel Berlyne, play helps to satisfy children's ______ drive. Multiple choice question. a.) exploratory b.) extrinsic c.) competitive d.) intrinsic

a

At about 4 to 5 years, children begin to describe themselves and others using a.) psychological traits. b.) social comparison. c.) real self versus ideal self. d.) an intellectual comparison.

a

Diana Baumrind has described ______ of parenting based on various levels of warmth and involvement. Multiple choice question. a.) four types b.) three manuals c.) seven styles d.) three profiles

a

Katrina is a child who has good social skills. When she has a disagreement with her friend, she is able to talk calmly with her and not resort to yelling and crying. Developmentalists would say that Katrina has developed healthy Multiple choice question. a.) emotion regulation. b.) self-conscious emotions. c.) emotion coaching. d.) emotion language.

a

The Blank______ parenting style is a restrictive, punitive style in which parents exhort the child to follow their directions and respect their work and effort. Multiple choice question. a.) authoritarian b.) authoritative c.) indulgent d.) neglectful

a

Which of the following is a negative result of children's screen time? Multiple choice question. a.) decreased physical activity b.) decreased IQ scores c.) less aggressive tendencies d.) increased play time

a

With the rate of employment for mothers on the rise in the United States, statistics show that one of every ___ mothers with children under the age of 5 is in the labor force. Multiple choice question. a.) two b.) three c.) four d.) five

a

Yvonne and Gregory spend most of their leisure time with one another, leaving their child at home. They are more concerned with their own needs than those of their child. According to Baumrind, what parenting style do Yvonne and Gregory utilize? Multiple choice question. a.) neglectful b.) authoritative c.) indulgent d.) authoritarian

a

______ involves responding to another person's feelings with an emotion that echoes the other's feelings. Multiple choice question. a.) Empathy b.) Listening c.) Altruism d.) Role playing

a

______ refers to the characteristics related to femininity and masculinity based on social and cultural norms. a.) Gender b.) Sex c.) Identity d.) Culture

a

Heteronomous moralists judge the righteousness or goodness of behavior by Multiple choice question. a.) the convenience of the action. b.) considering its consequences. c.) whether or not they agree with the rule. d.) the intentions of the actor.

b

Heteronomous thinkers believe that rules are Multiple choice question. a.) convenient conventions. b.) unchangeable. c.) malleable. d.) subject to change.

b

According to Erikson's developmental stages, which emotion lowers self-esteem in young children? Multiple choice question. a.) Jealousy b.) Guilt c.) Anger d.) Fear

b

According to Piaget, a 5-year-old engages in what type of morality? Multiple choice question. a.) accommodated b.) heteronomous c.) autonomous d.) assimilated

b

By early childhood, children show ______ for same-sex peers. Multiple choice question. a.) a clear dislike b.) a preference c.) no preference

b

Children of indulgent parents often Multiple choice question. a.) show patterns of truancy and delinquency. b.) have difficulty controlling their own behavior. c.) are more respectful of others. d.) demonstrate more compliance than other children.

b

The ability to discern another's inner psychological state is referred to as Multiple choice question. a.) role reversal. b.) perspective taking. c.) mind reading. d.) self-understanding.

b

True or false: The mother's involvement with children drops off more than the father's involvement following a divorce. True false question. a.) True b.) False

b

What type of development involves thoughts, feelings, and behaviors regarding rules and conventions about what people should do in their interaction with other people? a.) physical b.) moral c.) emotional d.) cognitive

b

What type of impact does television have on children's development? Multiple choice question. a.) no impact b.) significant impact c.) moderate impact d.) minimal impact

b

Which of Erikson's psychosocial stages is most associated with early childhood? a.) intimacy versus isolation b.) initiative versus guilt c.) generativity versus stagnation d.) identity versus identity confusion

b

Which of the following statements about interaction with peers during the preschool years is accurate? Multiple choice question. a.) It almost always involves conflict. b.) It becomes more coordinated. c.) It involves shorter turns and sequences. d.) It is less frequent.

b

______ is the concept that if a rule is broken, punishment will be meted out immediately. Young children believe in this type of justice. Multiple choice question. a.) Autonomous morality b.) Immanent justice c.) Moral justice d.) Automatic justice

b

According to Baumrind, which type of parents place firm limits and controls on their child, allows little verbal exchange, and might show rage toward their child? Multiple choice question. a.) indulgent b.) neglectful c.) authoritarian d.) authoritative

c

According to Erikson, as a young child's conscience governs initiative, feelings of guilt negatively impact Multiple choice question. a.) academic performance. b.) body image. c.) self-esteem. d.) social desirability.

c

By what age do young children realize that others may lie or exaggerate to get what they want or to avoid trouble? a.) 6 years b.) 2 years c.) 4 years d.) 8 years

c

Children who exhibit the poorest adjustment to parental divorce are those that have been involved in how many parental divorces? Multiple choice question. a.) none b.) one c.) multiple

c

Recent research indicates that the ______ of parents' work has more influence on the children's development rather than the fact that one parent works outside the home. a.) title b.) time c.) nature d.) years

c

Ruth Chao suggests that the control Asian American parents exert over their children is best conceptualized as a type of Multiple choice question. a.) authoritarianism. b.) abuse. c.) training. d.) rejection.

c

Sensorimotor play is best defined as behavior engaged in by Multiple choice question. a.) adolescents to derive pleasure from exercising their sensorimotor schemas. b.) infants to derive pleasure from exercising their short-term memories. c.) infants to derive pleasure from exercising their sensorimotor schemas. d.) children of all ages to derive self-pleasure.

c

Which child has most likely developed an attitude of skepticism due to an understanding that others do not always give true statements? Multiple choice question. a.) 3-year-old Marc, regarding his own lying tendencies b.) 1-year-old Robert, regarding his parents c.) 4-year-old Kaylee, regarding her friend's excuses d.) 2-year-old Dino, regarding his older brother

c

According to Baumrind, what type of parents are highly involved in their child's life but place few demands or controls on the child? Multiple choice question. a.) authoritative b.) neglectful c.) authoritarian d.) indulgent

d

According to Freud and Erikson, play helps the child master Multiple choice question. a.) centration and conservation. b.) exploration and creative thought. Reason: A psychodynamic theorist like Erikson or a psychoanalyst like Freud would emphasize one's anxious, unconscious conflicts. c.) language and communication. d.) anxieties and conflicts.

d

All of the following factors help children adjust better to divorce, EXCEPT Multiple choice question. a.) a cordial relationship between divorced parents. b.) social maturity. c.) fewer behavioral problems. d.) a difficult temperament.

d

Around what age to children begin to develop a preference for same-sex playmates? Multiple choice question. a.) 2 b.) 5 c.) 6 d.) 3

d

Authoritarian parenting lacks which of the following? Multiple choice question. a.) Punishment b.) Directives from parent to child c.) Restrictions on the child d.) Dialogue between parent and child

d

Baumrind describes children raised by ______ parents as often unhappy, fearful, and anxious about comparing themselves to others. Multiple choice question. a.) neglectful b.) authoritative c.) indulgent d.) authoritarian

d

Custodial fathers experience the loss of about _______ of their predivorce income. Multiple choice question. a.) 75 percent b.) 50 percent c.) 25 percent d.) 10 percent

d

Custodial mothers experience the loss of about ______ of their predivorce income. Multiple choice question. a.) 75 to 100 percent b.) 0 to 10 percent c.) 50 to 75 percent d.) 25 to 50 percent

d

Girls are more likely to play in ______ than boys. Multiple choice question. a.) large groups b.) groups of four or more c.) groups of five or more d.) dyads and triads

d

Good peer relations may be necessary for Multiple choice question. a.) parental attachment. b.) cognitive development. c.) academic achievement. d.) normal social development.

d

Peer rejection is more likely to be experienced by emotionally ______ children. a.) regulated b.) positive c.) neutral d.) negative

d

The four parenting styles involve the dimensions of ______ and responsiveness on the one hand, and ______ and control on the other. Multiple choice question. a.) acceptance; possessiveness b.) dictatorship; democracy c.) allowance; demand d.)acceptance; demand

d

Two friends are about the same age and maturity level. They are Multiple choice question. a.) siblings. b.) classmates. c.) neighbors. d.) peers.

d

What parenting style encourages children to be independent but still places limits and controls on their actions? Multiple choice question. a.) authoritarian parenting b.) neglectful parenting c.) indulgent parenting d.) authoritative parenting

d

Which of the following does NOT pose an increased risk for depression during childhood? Multiple choice question. a.) peer rejection b.) withdrawal c.) peer victimization d.) impulsiveness

d

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of children raised by indulgent parents? Multiple choice question. a.) difficulty with self-control b.) lack of respect for others c.) noncompliance d.) fear and low self-esteem

d

Match the age to the stage in Piaget's theory of moral development. 4 to 7 years of age- 7 to 10 years of age- 10 years of age and older-

heteronomous morality transition between the two stages autonomous morality

According to Baumrind, the (blank) parenting style places few demands or controls on the child and is characterized by overly involved parents.

indulgent

(blank) development involves changes in thoughts, feelings, and behaviors regarding rules and conventions about what people should do when interacting with others.

moral

According to Baumrind, the (blank) style of parenting is characterized by a lack of involvement in the child's life.

neglectful

Children raised by (blank) parents generally feel that other aspects of their parents' lives are more important than they are and tend to have poor self-control, low self-esteem, and have trouble with peer relationships and immaturity.

neglectful

Young children are overly ______ in their self-descriptions. Multiple choice question. a.) cautious b.) judgmental c.) pessimistic d.) optimistic

optimistic

Children of about the same age or maturity level are described as

peers

Sensorimotor (blank) is defined as behavior engaged in by infants to derive pleasure from exercising their existing sensorimotor schemas.

play

In early childhood, self-understanding involves self-(blank)

recognition

he amount of time individuals spend with television, DVDs, computers, video games, and hand-held electronic devices such as smartphones is referred to as (blank) time.

screen