PSYC231: Cognitive Psychology (Chapter 8 - Everyday Memory and Memory Errors)

Which of the following statements is true of police lineups?

A sequential lineup increase the chance that the witness compares each person in the lineup to his or her memory of the event

For most adults over age 40, the reminiscence bump describes enhanced memory for

Adolescence and young adulthood

The misinformation effect occurs when a person's memory for an event is modified by misleading information presented

After the event

Which statement below is NOT true, based on the results of memory research?

Although eyewitness testimony is often faulty, people who have just viewed a videotape of a crime are quite accurate at picking the "perpetrator" from a lineup.

The "telephone game" is often played by children. One child creates a story and whispers it to a second child, who does the same to a third child, and so on. When the last child recites the story to the group, his or her reproduction of the story is generally shorter than the original and contains many omissions and inaccuracies. This game shows how memory is a ______ process.

Constructive

In the "War of the Ghosts" experiment, participants' reproductions contained inaccuracies based on

Cultural expectations

The observation that older adults often become nostalgic for the ""good old days"" reflects the self-image hypothesis, which states that

Memory for life events is enhanced during the time we assume our life identities

Which of the following is the most accurate statement regarding post-event information and the misinformation effect?

Even when participants are told that the post-event information is incorrect, the misinformation effect can still occur.

A lesson to be learned from the research on flashbulb memories is that

Extreme vividness of a memory does not mean it is accurate

Your text's discussion of eyewitness testimony illustrates that this type of memory is frequently influenced by all of the following EXCEPT

Failing to elaboratively rehearse these kinds of events due to fear

The retroactive interference hypothesis states that the misinformation effect occurs because

MPI obstructs or distorts memories formed during the original experiencing of an event

Experiments that argue against a special flashbulb memory mechanism find that as time increases since the occurrence of the flashbulb event, participants

Make more errors in their recollections

The idea that we remember life events better because we encounter the information over and over in what we read, see on TV, and talk about with other people is called the

Narrative rehearsal hypothesis

____ occurs when more recent learning impairs memory for something that happened further back in the past

Retroactive interference

____ occurs when more recent learning impairs memory for something that happened further back in the past.

Retroactive interference

When presenting lineups to eyewitnesses, it has been found that a(n) ____ lineup is much more likely to result in an innocent person being falsely identified

Simultaneous

"In the word list experiment that was based on work by Deese (1959) and Roediger & McDermott (1995), many students incorrectly remembered hearing the word ________ as part of the list of presented stimuli. This highlights a disadvantage of memory's constructive nature.

Sleep

Loftus and Palmer's ""car-crash films"" experiment described in the text shows how a seemingly minor word change can produce a change in a person's memory report. In this study, the MPI was (were) the word(s)

Smashed

Wei has allergy symptoms. He has gone to his regular doctor and an allergy specialist, but he wasn't given a prescription by either doctor. Instead, he was advised to buy an over-the-counter medicine. While he was in the specialist's waiting area, he read a magazine where he saw three ads for an allergy medicine called SneezeLess. A week later, in a drug store, Wei says to his brother, ""My doctor says SneezeLess works great. I'll buy that one."" Wei and his doctor never discussed SneezeLess. Wei has fallen victim to which of the following errors?

Source monitoring

The experiment for which people were asked to make fame judgments for both famous and non-famous names (and for which Sebastian Weissdorf was one of the names to be remembered) illustrated the effect of _____ on memory

Source monitoring errors