PSYC:Exam 3a

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REM sleep is synonymous with

paradoxical sleep

Ordinarily , people do not walk or otherwise act out their dreams during REM sleep because REM sleep is associated with

relaxation of the major muscles

The greatest difficulty with Freud's theory of dreams is that

the accuracy of the therapist's interpretations cannot be tested

What evidence indicated that a woman in vegetative state may be conscious

Hey brain activity responded to command such as.imagine paying tennis.

What criticism do psychologists today make regarding Freud's theory of dreams?

It makes no testable predictions

A worker at international amalgamated INC. is currently working from 8 am to 4pm . The company wants to shift her to a different work time. For the sake of her physical and mental health which of the following would be best?

Move her to the 4pm to midnight , then midnight to 8 am shift.

Logan often has sudden attacks of sleepiness during the day. He is probably suffering from what?

Narcolepsy

On average how do the circadian rhythms of younger and older adults compare ?

Older adults are more likely to have their most alert time early in the day

Do any blind people have visual dreams?

Yes, people who became blind by eye damage at least temporarily have visual dreams

You are monitoring the sleep of a healthy young woman. You note that a high percentage of her sleep has been occupied by REM sleep for the last hour. Which of the following is most likely?

You are recording near the end of her night's sleep

What is responsible for our daily rhythm of wakefulness and sleepiness?

a brain area that generates these rhythms

A circadian rhythm lasts about how long?

a day

what controls the biological rhythms of wakefulness and sleepiness

an area in the brain

Jet lag occurs whenever you change time zones quickly. Which type of trip will result in the most difficult adjustment ?

flying from Los Angeles to New York (West to East)

Night terrors are fairly common in ___and they occur mostly during ___sleep.

children ...non-REM

A person is suffering from insomnia if he or she

consistently feels tired and inefficient during the day due to lack of sleep

Dreaming is similar to

mind wandering

During which stage(s) of sleep does dreaming occur?

mostly during REM sleep , but some also during non-REM sleep

What disorder , if anything, is related to talking in your sleep?

nothing

During an ordinary nights sleep the usual sequence of sleep stages is:

1-2-3-4-3-2-REM

In an unchanging environment (such as a cave or a submarine ), people become sleepy about once every __hours.

24-25 hours

In which condition does the brain show a low steady rate of activity and no response to any stimuli

Coma

What is one important function of sleep?

Conserving energy

Which of the following is likely to cause people to ignore one half of the body

Damage to the right hemisphere of the brain

An investigator who wishes to identify whether a person is in stage 1, 2,3, or 4 of sleep would probably rely on which device?

EEG

Some people describe themselves as morning people , while others describe themselves as evening people . Which of the following statements is true regarding that distinction?

Evening people have low body temperatures in the morning that gradually rise during the day

The brain activity associated with REM sleep is most similar to that associated with

Stage 1 sleep

In 1965 a high school student , Randy Gardner stayed awake 11 days for a science fair project. What effect did this experience have on him?

Gardner suffered no serious psychological consequences

During which stage of sleep is the brain activity the least?

Stage 4

What evidence suggests that we sometimes consciously perceive a stimulus afterward instead of simultaneously with it?

Intense stimuli produce more rapid action potentials than weaker stimuli do.

Which of the following characterizes someone in a coma

Low brain activity with no response to any stimulation

Sleepwalking occurs mostly in stages 3 and 4 of sleep. Why would it be unlikely in REM?

Major muscles are paralyzed during REM

During which stage of sleep is the brain most active ?

REM

Nightmares occur mostly during ___ sleep; night terrors occur during ___sleep.

REM...non-REM

People with which disorder have trouble breathing while they are asleep

Sleep apnea

People note the movement when they decide to flex their wrist and they report it later. Researchers record the time of the movement, the time of the reported decision , and the time when activity began to increase in the premotor cortex of the persons brain. Which comes FIRST?

The increase in brain activity

Why is sleepwalking unlikely during REM sleep ?

The postural muscles are so relaxed they would not support a person

What happens to body temperature and logical reasoning over the course of an experiment in which volunteers go without sleep for 3 days?

They become lower over days, but they improve a bit each morning compared to the previous night

Researchers wanted to present a stimulus that would become conscious on some trials and not on others while keeping the stimulus itself the same . Which of these methods did they use to make the stimulus unconscious?

They presented interfering stimuli before and after the stimulus

Researchers flash a word briefly on a screen , followed by a masking pattern . What is the purpose of the masking pattern?

To prevent consciousness of the stimulus

During REM sleep

dreaming is likely to occur

A period of sleep___ memory for something just learned and ____ attention and memory for material learned after awakening.

improves ..improves

REM sleep is also called paradoxical sleep because

the brain is very active but the muscles are relaxed

In nearly all cases of REM sleep

the postural muscles are completely relaxed

According to Sigmund Freud , what do dreams reveal about a person?

unconscious thoughts and motivations


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