PSYC:Exam 3a
REM sleep is synonymous with
paradoxical sleep
Ordinarily , people do not walk or otherwise act out their dreams during REM sleep because REM sleep is associated with
relaxation of the major muscles
The greatest difficulty with Freud's theory of dreams is that
the accuracy of the therapist's interpretations cannot be tested
What evidence indicated that a woman in vegetative state may be conscious
Hey brain activity responded to command such as.imagine paying tennis.
What criticism do psychologists today make regarding Freud's theory of dreams?
It makes no testable predictions
A worker at international amalgamated INC. is currently working from 8 am to 4pm . The company wants to shift her to a different work time. For the sake of her physical and mental health which of the following would be best?
Move her to the 4pm to midnight , then midnight to 8 am shift.
Logan often has sudden attacks of sleepiness during the day. He is probably suffering from what?
Narcolepsy
On average how do the circadian rhythms of younger and older adults compare ?
Older adults are more likely to have their most alert time early in the day
Do any blind people have visual dreams?
Yes, people who became blind by eye damage at least temporarily have visual dreams
You are monitoring the sleep of a healthy young woman. You note that a high percentage of her sleep has been occupied by REM sleep for the last hour. Which of the following is most likely?
You are recording near the end of her night's sleep
What is responsible for our daily rhythm of wakefulness and sleepiness?
a brain area that generates these rhythms
A circadian rhythm lasts about how long?
a day
what controls the biological rhythms of wakefulness and sleepiness
an area in the brain
Jet lag occurs whenever you change time zones quickly. Which type of trip will result in the most difficult adjustment ?
flying from Los Angeles to New York (West to East)
Night terrors are fairly common in ___and they occur mostly during ___sleep.
children ...non-REM
A person is suffering from insomnia if he or she
consistently feels tired and inefficient during the day due to lack of sleep
Dreaming is similar to
mind wandering
During which stage(s) of sleep does dreaming occur?
mostly during REM sleep , but some also during non-REM sleep
What disorder , if anything, is related to talking in your sleep?
nothing
During an ordinary nights sleep the usual sequence of sleep stages is:
1-2-3-4-3-2-REM
In an unchanging environment (such as a cave or a submarine ), people become sleepy about once every __hours.
24-25 hours
In which condition does the brain show a low steady rate of activity and no response to any stimuli
Coma
What is one important function of sleep?
Conserving energy
Which of the following is likely to cause people to ignore one half of the body
Damage to the right hemisphere of the brain
An investigator who wishes to identify whether a person is in stage 1, 2,3, or 4 of sleep would probably rely on which device?
EEG
Some people describe themselves as morning people , while others describe themselves as evening people . Which of the following statements is true regarding that distinction?
Evening people have low body temperatures in the morning that gradually rise during the day
The brain activity associated with REM sleep is most similar to that associated with
Stage 1 sleep
In 1965 a high school student , Randy Gardner stayed awake 11 days for a science fair project. What effect did this experience have on him?
Gardner suffered no serious psychological consequences
During which stage of sleep is the brain activity the least?
Stage 4
What evidence suggests that we sometimes consciously perceive a stimulus afterward instead of simultaneously with it?
Intense stimuli produce more rapid action potentials than weaker stimuli do.
Which of the following characterizes someone in a coma
Low brain activity with no response to any stimulation
Sleepwalking occurs mostly in stages 3 and 4 of sleep. Why would it be unlikely in REM?
Major muscles are paralyzed during REM
During which stage of sleep is the brain most active ?
REM
Nightmares occur mostly during ___ sleep; night terrors occur during ___sleep.
REM...non-REM
People with which disorder have trouble breathing while they are asleep
Sleep apnea
People note the movement when they decide to flex their wrist and they report it later. Researchers record the time of the movement, the time of the reported decision , and the time when activity began to increase in the premotor cortex of the persons brain. Which comes FIRST?
The increase in brain activity
Why is sleepwalking unlikely during REM sleep ?
The postural muscles are so relaxed they would not support a person
What happens to body temperature and logical reasoning over the course of an experiment in which volunteers go without sleep for 3 days?
They become lower over days, but they improve a bit each morning compared to the previous night
Researchers wanted to present a stimulus that would become conscious on some trials and not on others while keeping the stimulus itself the same . Which of these methods did they use to make the stimulus unconscious?
They presented interfering stimuli before and after the stimulus
Researchers flash a word briefly on a screen , followed by a masking pattern . What is the purpose of the masking pattern?
To prevent consciousness of the stimulus
During REM sleep
dreaming is likely to occur
A period of sleep___ memory for something just learned and ____ attention and memory for material learned after awakening.
improves ..improves
REM sleep is also called paradoxical sleep because
the brain is very active but the muscles are relaxed
In nearly all cases of REM sleep
the postural muscles are completely relaxed
According to Sigmund Freud , what do dreams reveal about a person?
unconscious thoughts and motivations
