Psych 1000 Exam 2 Study Guide

Gus receives a paycheck at the end of every week. Which reinforcement schedule is this?

Fixed Interval

Which part of my brain is probably damaged if I am unable to recognize basic objects around my house?

Hippocampus

Recent research conducted by Cowan (2010) has found that the capacity of working memory is how many units of information?

4 plus or minus 1

Which of the following is an example of a stimulus-based definition of stress? A. Caroline experiences stress because she is home alone and hears unusual noises outside. B. Carrie experiences stress because she notices her car is almost out of gas and worries about being stranded on the highway, but then she feels better when she sees a gas station nearby. C. Grace experiences stress when she notices her heartbeat increasing in response to being separated from her parents at the amusement park. D. Laura experiences stress because she gasped and had difficulty breathing when she saw a spider.

A. Caroline experiences stress because she is home alone and hears unusual noises outside.

Which of the following is an example of the exhaustion stage of the general adaptation syndrome? A. Betty steps down as class treasurer her senior year because she needs to focus on her grades. B. Burt is determined to learn how to play chess, so he spends all his time reading chess books. C. After wondering for months if he was going to lose his job, Nicolao begins to develop stomach ulcers. D. Nanette stays up all night to study for her math test.

C. After wondering for months if he was going to lose his job, Nicolao begins to develop stomach ulcers.

Hans Selye's definition of stress is considered a response-based definition because it conceptualizes stress chiefly in terms of the ________. A. best action to take in order to eliminate the stressor B. body's baseline reaction to ordinary events C. body's physiological reaction to any demand that is placed on it D. mental health of the individual

C. Body's physiological reaction to any demand that is placed on it

Which part of the brain is most involved in creating implicit memories?

Cerebellum

Knowing what a dinosaur is because you looked through a book with pictures of dinosaurs and watched the film Jurassic Park is an example of a natural concept that was developed through ________ experience.

Direct

________ is/are the kind of stress associated with positive feelings, as well as optimal health and performance.

Eustress

What type of memories do we consciously try to remember, recall, and report?

Explicit memories

Your memory of how to ride a bicycle is probably something that you don't actively think about while you're riding. You just sort of "do it" without thinking of how you do it. This is an example of a(n) ________ memory.

Implicit

Birds migrating, cats chasing prey, sea turtles moving toward the ocean immediately after birth, and a joey (baby kangaroo) moving to its mother's pouch immediately after birth are all examples of ________.

Instincts

What do psychologists call a relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge that results from experience?

Learning

White blood cells that circulate in the bloodstream and are an important part of the body's immune system are called ________.

Lymphocytes

What impact did Genie's early isolation have on her ability to acquire language? She never developed a(n) ________.

Mastery of the grammatical aspects of language

Emily is an adult with a 4th-grade skill level in reading, writing, and math. Her doctor suggests she would be capable of holding a job and living independently. Which subtype of intellectual disability describes Emily?

Mild

Dymesha watches her older sister do headstands. Dymesha falls over when she attempts to do a headstand herself. She watches her older sister more carefully, and she notices that her sister leans backward slightly to complete her headstand. Dymesha is then able to do headstands herself. Which type of learning is this?

Observational

Samara meets a nurse. She immediately assumes he is able to help care for sick people, works long hours, and dispenses advice about illness because her ________ schema suggests that nurses behave this way.

Role

After a hurricane warning came across the television, young Eli became terrified of the alarm sound that signaled a severe weather warning. Over the next few months he heard it several times when the "required monthly tests" came on the television, and his fear faded away. One day the alarm sounded and Eli jumped up and ran out of the room. This return of a previously extinguished response is called ________.

Spontaneous Recovery

Illnesses such as diabetes and cancer kill more than twice the number of Americans than murder or car accidents. However, Zale sees car accidents as more dangerous because he often hears about car accident fatalities on the nightly news, and he doesn't know anyone with diabetes or cancer. Therefore, Zale takes more precautions against car accidents. This exemplifies ________.

The hindsight bias