Psych 101 Midterm-PCC-Ch2&3

Brain regions that buzz with activity as people learn to perform a visual-discrimination task are especially likely to buzz again later as they experience

REM sleep

Fast and jerky movements of the eyes are especially likely to be associated with

REM sleep.

Hypnagogic sensations are most closely associated with ________ sleep.

Stage 1

Alzheimer's disease is most closely linked to the deterioration of neurons that produce

acetylcholine.

Dr. Wolski does research on the potential relationship between neurotransmitter deficiencies and mood states. Which psychological specialty does Dr. Wolski's research best represent?

biological psychology

The cerebral cortex is the covering layer of the

cerebrum.

While a man provided directions to a construction worker, two experimenters rudely interrupted by passing between them carrying a door. The man's failure to notice that the construction worker was replaced by a different person during this interruption illustrates

change blindness

The benefits of brain plasticity are most clearly demonstrated in

children who have had a cerebral hemisphere surgically removed

The ability to simultaneously copy different figures with the right and left hand is most characteristic of those whose ________ has been cut.

corpus callosum

Alcohol consumption tends to

decrease self-awareness and decrease impulse control

An undersupply of serotonin is most closely linked to

depression.

One biological basis for addiction involves brain activity in the ________ reward system

dopamine

Schizophrenia is most closely linked with excess receptor activity for the neurotransmitter

dopamine.

The simultaneous processing of information at both conscious and unconscious levels is called

dual processing.

Hormones are the chemical messengers of the

endocrine system.

To identify which specific brain areas are most active during a particular mental task, researchers would be most likely to make use of a(n)

fMRI.

People's moral judgments are most likely to seem unrestrained by normal emotions if they have suffered damage to their

frontal cortex

Severing a cat's reticular formation from higher brain regions causes the cat to

lapse into a coma

Surgical destruction of brain tissue is called a(n)

lesion.

A neural system at the border of the brainstem and the cerebral hemispheres is known as the

limbic system.

As Inge recalled her dream, she was dancing with a tall, dark, and handsome gentleman when suddenly the music shifted to loud rock and the man disappeared. According to Freud, Inge's account represents the ________ content of her dream.

manifest

The British government classifies the highly addictive crystallized form of ________ as one of the most dangerous of drugs

methamphetamine

The best indication that dreaming serves a necessary biological function is provided by the fact that

most mammals experience REM rebound.

During a heated argument with his teenage daughter, Mr. Reid suddenly lapsed into a state of REM sleep. Mr. Reid apparently suffers from

narcolepsy.

By forming thousands of new neurons each day, monkey brains illustrate

neurogenesis.

Dendrites are branching extensions of

neurons.

Consciousness is

our awareness of ourselves and our environment

Research studies of the content of dreams indicate that

people are more likely to dream of failure than of success

Messages are transmitted from your spinal cord to muscles in your hands by the ________ nervous system.

peripheral

The two major divisions of the nervous system are the central and the ________ nervous systems

peripheral

Chronic sleep deprivation is likely to

promote obesity and impair memory.

Chemical substances that alter perceptions and moods are called ________ drugs.

psychoactive

The cocktail party effect provides an example of

selective attention

A periodic, natural loss of consciousness that involves five distinct stages is known as

sleep.

The circadian rhythm is influenced by light-sensitive retinal proteins that trigger signals to the

suprachiasmatic nucleus.

The auditory hallucinations experienced by people with schizophrenia are most closely linked with the activation of areas in their

temporal lobes.

REM rebound involves the

tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation

After Paul's serious snow-skiing accident, doctors detected damage to his cerebral cortex in Wernicke's area. Because of the damage, Paul is most likely to experience difficulty in

understanding what others are saying

A picture of a dog is briefly flashed in the left visual field of a split-brain patient. At the same time a picture of a boy is flashed in the right visual field. In identifying what she saw, the patient would be most likely to

verbally report that she saw a boy.

Prolonged and excessive drinking can shrink the brain most intensely in ________ who have ________ of a stomach enzyme that digests alcohol.

women; less

Smokers with ________ levels of nicotine tolerance are likely to suffer the most severe withdrawal symptoms when they discontinue smoking.

high

The brain structure that provides a major link between the nervous system and the endocrine system is the

hypothalamus.

Females with a history of physical abuse are at ________ risk for substance addiction. Those with a history of eating disorders are at risk for ________ substance addiction.

increased; increased

REM sleep is

inhibited by alcohol Correct! and inhibited by sleeping pills.

Neurons that function within the brain and spinal cord are called

interneurons.