Psych 250 Ch. 15: Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence

substantially below

Agatha Christie is believed to have had a specific learning disorder called dysgraphia. According to DSM-5, a specific learning disorder is characterized by performance that is _____ what would be expected given the person's age, intelligence quotient (IQ) score, and education.

behavioral and psychosocial treatments

There is strong evidence that _____ provide(s) an effective alternative to stimulant medications in producing both short- and long-term improvements in ADHD symptoms.

Neurodevelopmental

Tourette's disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and autism disorder are all _____ disorders.

attachment disorders

Frequent changes in the primary caregiver, persistent neglect, and lack of stimulation or affection are viewed as common contributing factors in the development of _____.

strong resistance to change

The essential behavioral features of autism spectrum disorder, as originally identified by Leo Kanner, are extreme isolation and inability to relate to people, significant difficulties with communication, and _____.

a learning disorder

A child who has average or better intellectual abilities but whose performance in basic math, reading, or writing is substantially lower than would be expected, would most likely be diagnosed as having _____.

False

Anxiety is a common externalizing disorder among children, while conduct disorders are internalizing disorders.

require very substantial support

Artist Alex Masket has Level 3 autism spectrum disorder (ASD). An individual with Level 3 ASD would be expected to _____.

prefrontal cortex

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been associated with abnormalities in the _____, which affects impulsivity, organization, and attentional processes.

reactive attachment

Children who have trust issues and are watchful and unhappy around adults, unlikely to seek or respond to nurturing attention, and rarely show positive emotions are most likely to be diagnosed with _____ disorder.

limited social reciprocity

Justin has autism spectrum disorder and functions at Level 1, which includes _____.

False

Learning disorders in children are related to deficits in intelligence.

post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD

Lizibet saw her father killed in a neighborhood drive-by shooting. Before then, she was a happy, exuberant child. Now, she is quiet and rarely exhibits emotions, except at night when her nightmares wake her up. She resists going outdoors, especially at the time of day when her father was shot. Lizibet would most likely be diagnosed with _____.

Copy number variants are involved, which are mutations that either create extra copies of a gene on one chromosome or result in the deletion of genes.

Olympic swimmer Mark Phelps has attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Although many hypotheses have been advanced and popular theories abound, what is known about the causes of ADHD?

during pregnancy

Postmortem examinations of the brains of children with autism spectrum disorder indicate that abnormalities in the cortex begin _____.

multiple susceptibility genes

Soccer player Tim Howard has Tourette's disorder, which is believed to be associated with _____.

chromosomal

Television and film actor Lauren Potter has Down syndrome, which is the most common _____ form of intellectual disability.

Biological

What factors appear to have the greatest influence in the etiology of conduct disorder?

conduct disorder

Which childhood disorder is most strongly correlated with the development of antisocial personality disorder in adulthood?

selective mutism

Which disorder is categorized as a childhood internalizing disorder?

False

Young children are very commonly diagnosed with depressive and bipolar disorders.