Psych 250 Ch. 15: Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence
substantially below
Agatha Christie is believed to have had a specific learning disorder called dysgraphia. According to DSM-5, a specific learning disorder is characterized by performance that is _____ what would be expected given the person's age, intelligence quotient (IQ) score, and education.
behavioral and psychosocial treatments
There is strong evidence that _____ provide(s) an effective alternative to stimulant medications in producing both short- and long-term improvements in ADHD symptoms.
Neurodevelopmental
Tourette's disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and autism disorder are all _____ disorders.
attachment disorders
Frequent changes in the primary caregiver, persistent neglect, and lack of stimulation or affection are viewed as common contributing factors in the development of _____.
strong resistance to change
The essential behavioral features of autism spectrum disorder, as originally identified by Leo Kanner, are extreme isolation and inability to relate to people, significant difficulties with communication, and _____.
a learning disorder
A child who has average or better intellectual abilities but whose performance in basic math, reading, or writing is substantially lower than would be expected, would most likely be diagnosed as having _____.
False
Anxiety is a common externalizing disorder among children, while conduct disorders are internalizing disorders.
require very substantial support
Artist Alex Masket has Level 3 autism spectrum disorder (ASD). An individual with Level 3 ASD would be expected to _____.
prefrontal cortex
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been associated with abnormalities in the _____, which affects impulsivity, organization, and attentional processes.
reactive attachment
Children who have trust issues and are watchful and unhappy around adults, unlikely to seek or respond to nurturing attention, and rarely show positive emotions are most likely to be diagnosed with _____ disorder.
limited social reciprocity
Justin has autism spectrum disorder and functions at Level 1, which includes _____.
False
Learning disorders in children are related to deficits in intelligence.
post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD
Lizibet saw her father killed in a neighborhood drive-by shooting. Before then, she was a happy, exuberant child. Now, she is quiet and rarely exhibits emotions, except at night when her nightmares wake her up. She resists going outdoors, especially at the time of day when her father was shot. Lizibet would most likely be diagnosed with _____.
Copy number variants are involved, which are mutations that either create extra copies of a gene on one chromosome or result in the deletion of genes.
Olympic swimmer Mark Phelps has attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Although many hypotheses have been advanced and popular theories abound, what is known about the causes of ADHD?
during pregnancy
Postmortem examinations of the brains of children with autism spectrum disorder indicate that abnormalities in the cortex begin _____.
multiple susceptibility genes
Soccer player Tim Howard has Tourette's disorder, which is believed to be associated with _____.
chromosomal
Television and film actor Lauren Potter has Down syndrome, which is the most common _____ form of intellectual disability.
Biological
What factors appear to have the greatest influence in the etiology of conduct disorder?
conduct disorder
Which childhood disorder is most strongly correlated with the development of antisocial personality disorder in adulthood?
selective mutism
Which disorder is categorized as a childhood internalizing disorder?
False
Young children are very commonly diagnosed with depressive and bipolar disorders.