Psych 4

A landlord refuses to rent his vacant apartment to college students. He believes that students throw wild parties and destroy property. In the context of behavior, the landlord's refusal is an example of _____.

discrimination

According to psychodynamic therapy, psychological problems reflect:

early childhood experiences and inner conflicts.

A(n) _________ is a psychodynamically oriented therapist who focuses on the conscious, coping behavior of the ego instead of the hypothesized, unconscious functioning of the id

ego analyst

On a(n) _________ level, prejudice is associated with negative feelings such as fear, dislike, or hatred.

emotional

On a(n) level, prejudice is associated with negative feelings such as fear, dislike, or hatred

emotional

A form of group therapy that may be undertaken from the systems approach is called ________

family therapy

Based on the different behavior-therapy methods, which of the following is true of modeling?

It relies on observational learning.

Which of the following is a similarity between client-centered therapy and Gestalt therapy?

Like client-centered therapy, Gestalt therapy assumes that people disown parts of themselves that might meet with social disapproval or rejection.

Somatoform disorders are characterized by:

a complaint of physical problems such as paralysis, pain, or a persistent belief that one has a serious disease when it does not exist.

Conversion disorder is characterized by:

a major change in, or loss of, physical functioning, although there are no medical findings to explain the loss of functioning

Behavior therapists rely heavily on principles of ______

conditioning and observational learning

People are said to when they change their behavior to adhere to social norms

conform

Which of the following is true of free association?

Clients are made comfortable and asked to talk about any topic that comes to mind.

According to Robert Sternberg's triangular model of love, which of the following is the ideal form of love?

Consummate love

Mary and Ted are working with a therapist to strengthen their communication, express their uncomfortable feelings, and learn to share in the decision-making process. In which of the following therapies are they involved

Couple therapy

In terms of behavior, which of the following is true of prejudice?

Prejudice is connected with avoidance, aggression, and discrimination.

_____ is the tendency to block the free expression of impulses and primitive ideas—a reflection of the defense mechanism of repression

Resistance

According to Carl Rogers, which of the following is the basis for psychological problems?

Roadblocks to self-actualization

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of psychological disorders?

Socially acceptable behavior

________ are excessive, irrational fears of specific objects or situations, such as spiders, snakes, or heights

Specific phobias

Which of the following is true of stereotyping?

Stereotyping may lead people to view members of groups in a biased fashion.

Amnesia is frequently associated with _____

dissociative disorders

Jane has episodes where she can't remember what she did or where she was. She has found clothing in her closet that she does not wear and doesn't know how it got there. When she goes to see the doctor, she introduces herself as Suzy. Jane seems to be exhibiting:

dissociative identity disorder

Schizophrenia is characterized by

disturbances in thought and language, perception and attention, and mood

In client-centered therapy, _________ refers to the recognition of a client's experiences and feelings.

empathy

The feeling of _________ encourages helping behavior and discourages aggression.

empathy

The feeling of encourages helping behavior and discourages aggression

empathy

People with depersonalization-derealization disorder

experience episodes of feeling detached from themselves or feeling that the world around them is unreal.

According to the _____, a woman's appeal is more strongly connected with her age and health, both of which are markers of reproductive capacity.

parental investment model

The group effect called _________ is likely to lead the group to make more risky shifts in decision-making.

polarization

People with _________ complain of physical problems such as paralysis, pain, or a persistent belief that they have a serious disease.

somatoform disorder

Psychological disorders are

sometimes characterized by anxiety.

People with generalized anxiety disorder:

suffer from persistent anxiety that cannot be attributed to a phobic object, situation, or activity.

The difference between major depressive disorder and run-of-the-mill depression is that

the feeling of lack of energy, low self-esteem, loss of interest in activities is more intense in people with major depressive disorder.

According to the dopamine theory of schizophrenia, all of the following are true EXCEPT

there is an overproduction of dopamine

Which of the following is the aim of traditional psychoanalysis?

to provide insight into the conflicts that are presumed to lie at the roots of a person's problems

While in a bus, a man overhears a discussion about a person who is about to be terminated from his job. The man believes that the people on the bus are talking about him and that he has been targeted. Which of the following delusions does the man demonstrate?

Delusions of reference

Raul goes to a therapist. The therapist asks him to relax by lying on a couch and encourages him to talk about anything that comes to his mind. Through this process, the therapist hopes for some unconscious information to be revealed. Which of the following psychoanalytic techniques does the therapist use?

Free association

_______ are based on the thinking of Sigmund Freud

Psychodynamic therapies

______ refers to a behavior-therapy method for helping people in their interpersonal relations that utilizes self-monitoring, behavior rehearsal, and feedback

Social skills training

_____ is a condition in which the senses, thought, and movement are dulled.

Stupor

Miguel, an unusually uncontrollable child, runs around the house endlessly, has little sleep, and often has temper tantrums. His mother exclaims to the family doctor, "I swear that kid is possessed!" In this scenario, which perspective on psychological disorders is she most likely to hold?

The demonological model

Sanchez, an 8-year-old boy, suffers from unpredictable panic attacks and constantly talks to a make-believe group of friends. His mother confesses to the family doctor, "I probably drank too much alcohol during pregnancy and caused brain damage." Which perspective on psychological disorders does she hold?

The medical model

According to Aaron Beck, clients may engage in _________, which means looking at the world in black and white rather than in shades of gray.

absolutist thinking

Romantic love, in Sternberg's scheme, refers to ____

an intense, positive emotion that involves sexual attraction, feelings of caring, and the belief that one is in love

In _________ terms, prejudice is connected with avoidance and aggression

behavioral

in terms, prejudice is connected with avoidance and aggression

behavioral

A young man is having trouble getting along with his roommate. Sometimes, his roommate does not speak for days. On other days, he speaks rapidly and nonstop, and is often abrasive and aggressive. The roommate is showing symptoms suggesting:

bipolar disorder

Ecstatic elation and deep depression are both aspects of _____

bipolar disorder

Somatoform disorders involve

complaints of physical problems.

A man witnessed an explosion in which a coworker died, and soon after, he lost his vision. Despite many neurological tests, doctors could find no organic basis for the man's loss of eyesight. A psychological explanation for this incident is

conversion disorder

A person with _________ is suddenly unable to recall important personal information.

dissociative amnesia

Cory was driving when an accident killed his best friend who was sitting in the car with him. However, Cory escaped uninjured. When he woke up the next morning, he couldn't remember where he was or what had happened the previous night. He is most likely exhibiting:

dissociative amnesia.

People with _________ feel an overpowering need to accumulate certain kinds of possessions and have difficulty discarding them.

hoarding disorder

Unlike client-centered therapy, Gestalt therapy _________

is directive

Evan and Amy are physically attracted to each other and can't stand being apart. According to Robert Sternberg's triangular model of love, this demonstrates _______

passion

Behavior therapy applies _____ to directly promote desired behavioral changes

principles of learning

In the selection of a romantic partner, women tend to place greater emphasis on traits such as:

professional status

____ is a cognitively oriented learning theory in which observational learning and person variables such as values and expectancies play major roles in individual differences.

social cognitive theory

Katherine is terrified of dogs. To help alleviate her fears, her therapist first teaches her how to relax her muscles. Next, the therapist gradually exposes Katherine to different dogs using virtual reality displays while she relaxes to each presentation. Which of the following is the basis for the virtual therapy used by Katherine's therapist?

systemac desensitization

Psychotherapy refers to _________ between a client and a therapist

systematic interaction

Which hormone is associated with the tendency to dominate and control others?

testosterone

In client-centered therapy, _________ refers to respect for clients as human beings with unique values and goals

unconditional positive regard

Which of the following factors decreases the tendency to conform?

valuing being right over being liked

Kyle is possessed by the thought that he is an evil person who will murder somebody, even though he is not capable of the heinous act. He tries to put these disturbing thoughts out of his mind by washing his hands several times a day. Kyle demonstrates:

obsessive-complusive disorder

A woman has difficulty concentrating on her job because she keeps worrying about things like leaving the door unlocked or the tap turned on. She feels that her house will get robbed or damaged any day because of her carelessness. According to this scenario, she is most likely suffering from _____

obsessive-compulsive disorder

Mary has schizophrenia and exhibits symptoms of hallucinations, delusions, lack of emotional expression, and social withdrawal. Mary has:

oth positive and negative symptoms

People with _________ do not show the grossly disorganized thinking of paranoid schizophrenia.

paranoid personality disorder

_____ is the issue of how well one can predict behavior on the basis of attitudes

A-B problem

What are two qualities of Ellis's rational emotive behavior therapy

Active and directive

_________ is characterized by feelings of anxiety and helplessness that are caused by a traumatic event.

Acute stress disorder

Sheryl is suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder. Her doctor recommends that she take some drugs. Which of the following drugs is she most likely taking?

Antidepressant

______ is characterized by excessive worrying, fear of losing control, nervousness, and inability to relax

Anxiety disorder

_____ refers to the systematic application of the principles of learning to the direct modification of a client's problem behaviors

Behavior therapy

Which of the following is a similarity between cognitive therapists and humanistic therapists?

Both aim to foster self-insight, but they mainly aim to help make people more aware of their current cognitions.

Delmar believes that he has been sent to Earth to save mankind. He believes that women are evil and that any male who speaks to, or associates with, a female is doomed to a life as a slave. He often tells people of his grand plan to save males from the influence of females. Nothing one says or does can convince him that his ideas are untrue. Which of the following does Delmar demonstrate?

Delusions

_______ was originated by Fritz Perls.

Gestalt therapy

___ is the erroneous belief that one is being victimized or made to suffer.

Ideas of persecution

Which of the following is true of cognitive therapy?

It focuses directly on thoughts and encourages ideas that help individuals solve problems.

Which of the following best describes psychotherapy?

It is a systematic interaction between a therapist and a client that brings psychological principles to bear on influencing the client's thoughts, feelings, or behavior to help the client overcome psychological disorders, adjust to problems in living, or develop as an individual.

Which of the following statements best describes psychodynamic therapy?

It is a type of psychotherapy that is based on Freud's thinking and assumes that psychological problems reflect early childhood experiences and internal conflicts

In psychoanalysis, which of the following statements best describes catharsis?

It is the expression of repressed feelings and impulses to allow the release of the psychic energy associated with them.

Which of the following is true of the attraction-similarity hypothesis?

It theorizes that reciprocity is a powerful determinant of attraction.

Which of the following is true of rational emotive behavior therapists?

They aim to encourage clients to challenge and correct irrational expectations.

Which of the following is true of client-centered therapists?

They have unconditional positive regard for their clients.

_______ are controlled environments in which people are reinforced for desired behaviors with keepsakes, such as poker chips, that may be exchanged for privileges.

Token economies

Which of the following is a difference between traditional psychoanalysis and humanistic therapies?

Traditional psychoanalysis focuses on early childhood experiences, while humanistic therapies focus on what clients are experiencing here and now.

A similarity between acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder is that both:

are characterized by feelings of anxiety and helplessness that are caused by a traumatic event.

Enduring behavioral and cognitive tendencies that are learned and expressed by evaluating particular people, places, or things with favor or disfavor are known a

attitudes

Most anti-anxiety drugs belong to the chemical class known as _____

benzodiazepines

The _____ of conversion disorders holds that it is a form of self-hypnosis

biopsychosocial perspective

People with _________ have mood swings from ecstatic elation to deep depression.

bipolar disorder

People with _____ are preoccupied with exaggerated or imagined physical defects; continuous hair pulling, and compulsive skin-picking.

body dysmorphic disorder

Fran describes herself as complicated. Since she hates being alone, she is always looking for companionship and often gets involved in stormy relationships. Mostly, she gets into disagreements with people over her divided loyalties—she just cannot make up her mind to stand by one person. She has been hopping from job to job because she is not sure about what she likes to do. Her attitude is typical of a person with _____.

borderline personality disorder

In psychoanalysis, the uncensored uttering of all thoughts that come to mind is known as ___

free association

Prejudices act as cognitive filters through which people view the social world. People tend to think of people as "familiar" or "foreign," or "good" or "bad." Their feelings and reactions toward others may be biased by these perceptions. This source of prejudice is referred to as _____

information processing

Psychodynamic therapy, client-centered therapy, and Gestalt therapy consider psychological disorders to occur as a result of _____

internal conflict

People with panic attacks tend to

misinterpret bodily cues and to view them as threats.

__ is a behavior-therapy technique in which a client observes and imitates a person who approaches and copes with feared objects or situations

modeling

_______ is a personality trait characterized largely by persistent anxiety.

neuroticism

Antidepressant medication tends to increase the concentration of _________ in the brain.

noradrenaline

A reason why people tend to have partners from the same background is

propinquity

Salma angrily tells her therapist, John, "I should have won the beauty contest. It's not fair." John confronts Salma's belief by asking, "Wasn't the winner more talented and articulate than you?" John is most likely to be a(n) _____

rational emotive behavior therapist

Which of the following is a factor that contributes to attraction?

reciprocity

Sarah's thinking is considered to be peculiar. She mixes up words from different languages and strings them along in rambling sentences. She plays out her fantasy of living in a world of cotton candy all day. However, she does not suffer from hallucinations or delusions. Sarah is displaying symptoms of _____.

schizotypal personality disorder