Psych 439 Exam 2
1. ______ validity is the extent to which an assessment technique has content appropriate for what is being measured. A. Content B. Convergent C. Discriminant D. None of these
A
1. ______, which is more likely to take place when clinical psychologists are not culturally competent, involves viewing as abnormal although it is normal within the client's own culture. A. Overpathologizing B. Empirical criterion keying C. Diagnosing D. Multimethod assessment
A
11. According to the psychodynamic approach, the actual plot of a dream as the dreamer remembers it is the ______. A. manifest content B. latent content C. dream work D. projection
A
11. Effective interviewers are skilled at ______, or repeating key words and phrases back to their clients to ensure the clients that they have been accurately heard. A. verbal tracking B. eye contact C. developing positive relationships D. quieting themselves
A
11. The WAIS is an appropriate test for a client who is ______ years old. A. 72 B. 4 C. 10 D. 14
A
21. ______ is how an interviewer is with clients, while ______ is what an interviewer does with clients. A. Technique; rapport B. Rapport; technique C. Internal preparation; external preparation D. External preparation; internal preparation
B
18. The WAIS features ______ factors, each of which yields an index score. The cfeatures ______ factors. A. four; four B. four; five C. five; four D. five; five
B
19. The term common factors refers to the idea that ______. A. intelligence tests by various authors (e.g., Wechsler and Binet) are based on the same underlying factors B. various forms of psychotherapy work about equally well because of fundamental, shared components C. the techniques used by behavioral, humanistic, psychodynamic, and cognitive psychotherapists are essentially similar D. projective and objective personality tests share essentially the same structure
B
19. Which of the following statements is NOT true? A. The validity and reliability of the MMPI-2 have been examined in thousands of studies. B. A shorter version of the MMPI-2 is the MMPI-2 Brief Inventory (MMPI-2-BI). C. Both the MMPI-2 and MMPI-A have 10 clinical scales. D. In addition to clinical scales, the MMPI-2 also has supplemental and content scales.
B
21. DSM-III ______. A. contained less disorders than DSM-II B. was significantly longer in length than DSM-II C. emphasized psychoanalytic and psychodynamic perspectives D. introduced the General Adaptation Scale, which clinicians used to rate patients' health on a 100-point scale
B
21. Honore receives psychological testing. Although her intelligence falls in the low average range, a discrepancy is still identified between her achievement and intelligence test scores (such that achievement falls significantly below expectations based on intelligence). This discrepancy will likely be the basis for a diagnosis of ______. A. premenstrual dysphoric disorder B. specific learning disorder C. giftedness D. intellectual disability
B
13. Emil Kraepelin was a pioneer of the diagnosis of mental disorders. Among the categories he identified were ______, which is similar to the current label of bipolar disorder, and ______, which is similar to the current label of schizophrenia. A. manic-depressive psychosis; dementia praecox B. anxiety neurosis; disorderly thought psychosis C. dementia praecox; separation disorder D. anxiety neurosis; separation disorder
A
14. The index scores of the Wechsler intelligence tests, which correspond to the underlying factors in the test, include ______. A. Verbal Comprehension and Perceptual Reasoning B. Working Speed and Processing Memory C. Fluid Intelligence and Crystalized Intelligence D. Normative Quotient and Ipsative Sum
A
15. A strategy for disseminating psychotherapy treatments supported by efficacy research in which groups of researchers and practitioners collaborate throughout the research process is known as ______. A. practice-oriented research B. communal research C. effectiveness research D. collaborative research
A
16. ______ refers to a positive, comfortable relationship between interviewer and client, or an interpersonal "connection" as perceived by the client. A. Rapport B. Verbal tracking C. Nondirective interviewing D. Directive interviewing
A
17. According to psychodynamic theory, the ______ is the part of the mind that generates defense mechanisms. A. ego B. superego C. id D. alter ego
A
17. In addition to effectiveness and efficacy, other ways to measure psychotherapy outcome include ______. A. the neurobiological effects of psychotherapy and medical cost offset B. medical cost offset, but not the neurobiological effects of psychotherapy C. the neurobiological effects of psychotherapy, but not medical cost offset D. neither medical cost offset nor the neurobiological effects of psychotherapy
A
17. The first edition of the DSM contained only three broad categories ______. A. psychoses, neuroses, and character disorders B. internalizing, externalizing, and mediating disorders C. primary, secondary, and tertiary disorders D. Freudian, Jungian, and undifferentiated disorders
A
19. The ______ is a recently developed test of intelligence that represents an attempt to measure IQ in a culturally fair way. A. Universal Nonverbal Intelligence Test-2 B. Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test C. Halstead-Reitan D. Flanagan Assessment of Globalism
A
19. Which of the following best defines a defense mechanism? A. an attempt to manage conflict between the id and superego B. the client's unconscious tendency to interact with the therapist as if the therapist were very similar to an important person in the client's personal history C. a verbal or behavioral "mistake" that, according to psychodynamic psychotherapists, communicates an underlying unconscious wish D. an attempt to say whatever comes to mind, without censorship, no matter how nonsensical, illogical, or inappropriate
A
2. The notion of "g," as proposed by Charles Spearman, suggests that, essentially, ______. A. intelligence is one thing B. intelligence is not one thing, but is many separate, unrelated things C. intelligence tests for children must be fundamentally and structurally different than intelligence tests for adults D. intelligence remains stable throughout the life span
A
2. The primary finding of Hans Eysenck's 1952 review of psychotherapy outcome studies was that ______. A. psychotherapy was of little benefit, since most clients got better without it B. psychotherapy was beneficial when practiced by therapists with doctoral degrees, but not beneficial when practiced by therapists with master's or bachelor's degrees C. humanistic psychotherapy was significantly more effective than psychodynamic psychotherapy D. cognitive psychotherapy was significantly more effective than behavioral psychotherapy
A
2. ______ reliability is the extent to which an assessment technique yields similar results across different administrators. A. Test-retest B. Interrater C. Internal D. Clinical
A
20. Psychotherapy outcome researchers have proposed that ______, the nature of the relationship between client and psychotherapist, is a common factor across diverse forms of psychotherapy. A. therapeutic alliance B. hope C. positive expectations D. collaboration
A
20. ______ is what a person can accomplish, while ______ is what a person has accomplished. A. Intelligence; achievement B. Achievement; intelligence C. Scholastics; performance D. Performance; scholastics
A
21. Dr. Richards uses psychological testing, including feedback about testing results, both to assess his patients and provide a brief therapeutic intervention. This practice is best described as ______. A. therapeutic assessment B. cognitive-behavioral assessment C. clinical assessment D. personality assessment
A
21. Reaction formation is a defense mechanism characterized by ______. A. doing the opposite of the unconscious wish B. redirecting the unconscious wish toward a safer target C. attributing the unconscious wish to others rather than to the self D. denying the entire conflict surrounding the unconscious wish such that the individual never becomes aware of it
A
21. The correct order of Lambert and Ogles's (2004) three-stage sequential model of common factors is ______. A. support, learning, action B. learning, action, support C. action, support, learning D. learning, support, action
A
23. Devlin and Nasar (2012) found that therapists and nonprofessionals asked to rate pictures of offices preferred clinicians' offices that ______. A. were orderly, spacious, and contained comfortable seats B. featured bright lightening and personal photos C. were smaller in size, creating an intimate atmosphere D. arranged the furniture so the therapist could sit behind the client
A
24. Interviewers who use a(n) ______ style of interviewing get exactly the information they need by asking clients specifically for it. A. directive B. nondirective C. rapport-building D. evidence-based
A
24. The ______ is a brief neuropsychological screening device that involves copying geometric shapes with pencil and paper, takes only about 6 min to administer, and is appropriate for any client above 3 years of age. A. Bender-Gestalt II B. Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery C. Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery D. Universal Nonverbal Intelligence Test
A
26. According to surveys of clinical psychologists since 1960, the most commonly endorsed psychotherapy orientation ______. A. was the eclectic/integrative orientation until 2010, when the cognitive orientation was most commonly endorsed B. has consistently been the behavioral orientation C. has consistently been the psychodynamic orientation D. was the psychodynamic orientation until the 1980s and has been the behavioral orientation since that time
A
27. According to surveys of clinical psychologists since 1960, the popularity of psychodynamic psychotherapy ______. A. has generally decreased B. has remained constant C. decreased through the 1960s and 1970s but increased in the 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s D. has increased
A
27. The ______ is a brief neuropsychological screening device that involves copying a single geometric figure with pencils of different colors, as well as a memory component in which clients are asked to reproduce the figure from memory after a delay. A. Bender-Gestalt II B. WPPSI-IV C. NEO-PI-R D. Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test
A
29. The Rorschach Inkblot Method ______. A. contains a total of 10 inkblots B. is an objective personality test C. was created after the creation of the original MMPI D. features inkblots created by John Exner
A
29. When the Wechsler intelligence test scores are interpreted, which of the following best represents the sequence in which particular scores should be considered? A. full-scale IQ score, index scores, and subtest scores B. subtest scores, index scores, and full-scale IQ score C. index scores, full-scale IQ score, and subtest scores D. full-scale IQ score, subtest scores, and index scores
A
3. According to the harmful dysfunction theory of mental disorders, when we try to determine what is abnormal, we should consider ______. A. scientific or evolutionary data, as well as social values that provide context for the behavior B. the social constructs that regulate behavior and thought C. cognitive contributions to irregular behaviors D. behavioral, as well as psychoanalytic, components of abnormality
A
3. Prior to Freud, ______. A. mental health professionals did not generally acknowledge mental activity occurring outside of conscious awareness B. the idea of the unconscious was popular among psychiatrists C. the influence of the unconscious was linked to depression and anxiety D. Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow introduced the concept of the unconscious
A
30. Dr. Murphy, a clinical neuropsychologist, is conducting a clinical interview in which the primary purpose is to assign a label from the current DSM to the patient. In other words, Dr. Murphy is conducting a(n) ______. A. diagnostic interview B. mental status exam C. intake interview D. crisis interview
A
31. Essentially, a categorical approach to diagnosis of mental disorders suggests that an individual ______. A. either has or does not have a disorder B. has every disorder to some extent C. can only be diagnosed with one disorder at a single point in time D. can have multiple disorders at the same time only if those disorders fall within the same larger category, such as depressive disorders or anxiety disorders
A
32. In recent years, the most prominent has been the ______. A. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Disorders B. Acute Stress Disorder Interview C. Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule--Revised D. Bipolar Disorder Structured Clinical Interview
A
32. Over the past 3 months, Jennifer's family has repeatedly expressed concern about her abuse of alcohol. Jennifer refuses to acknowledge that problems have arisen from her drinking, and she clearly states she has no desire to change her behaviors. In the stages of change model developed by Norcross, Krebs, and Prochaska (2011), Jennifer is in the ______ stage. A. precontemplation B. contemplation C. preparation D. action
A
33. According to a survey of experts in the field of clinical psychology (Norcross, Pfund, & Prochaska, 2013), which of the following is likely to happen in the near future? A. a rise in the use of cognitive and behavioral approaches to psychotherapy B. a decline in the use of evidence-based forms of psychotherapy C. a decline in the use of eclectic/integrative approaches to psychotherapy D. a rise in the use of classic psychoanalysis
A
33. Dr. Rosen, a clinical psychologist in private practice, likes to combine elements of a structured interview and an unstructured interview with his patients. By blending these two approaches, Dr. Rosen is using what is known as a(n) ______ interview. A. semistructured B. bi-dimensional C. eclectic D. two-point
A
33. Researchers who endorse the dimensional approach to diagnosis of mental problems most often recommend that ______ serve as the basis for the dimensions. A. the five-factor model of personality B. cognitive thought distortion categories C. Holland's typologies D. the Myers-Briggs types
A
33. ______ is a variation of IPT developed for patients with bipolar disorder. A. Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy B. Ego therapy C. Self-psychology therapy D. Object relations therapy
A
34. The type of clinical interview that is most often conducted in medical settings for the primary purpose of quickly assessing a client's current level of functioning is the ______. A. mental status exam B. crisis interview C. diagnostic interview D. intake interview
A
35. A(n) ______ approach to psychotherapy involves blending techniques in order to create an entirely new, hybrid form of therapy. A. integrative B. psychodynamic C. eclectic D. behavioral
A
35. ______ is the extent to which an assessment technique measures what it claims to measure. A. Validity B. Test-retest reliability C. Clinical utility D. Interrater reliability
A
36. ______ is the extent to which an assessment technique correlates with other techniques that measure the same thing. A. Reliability B. Clinical utility C. Convergent validity D. Discriminant validity
A
37. After a psychodynamic therapist makes an interpretation to a client, it can take many sessions for the client to incorporate that interpretation into his thinking and behavior. That post-interpretation period is often called ______. A. the working-through process B. the blank-screen C. transference D. fixation
A
38. The tripartite model, created by Hans Strupp and colleagues, essentially suggests that ______. A. multiple parties may have meaningful and potentially inconsistent views of psychotherapy outcome B. various styles of psychotherapy are equally effective due to common factors C. the success of the first three sessions of psychotherapy correlate very strongly to the eventual success of psychotherapy after its completion D. psychotherapy yields the best results when at least three approaches are blended together into a new, integrative approach
A
39. Compared to long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy, brief psychodynamic psychotherapy ______. A. involves a more narrow focus on specific clinical problems B. is better suited for clients with severe (rather than mild) pathology C. focuses more on the past than the present D. typically requires at least 24 sessions
A
5. The tripartite model was developed to address which question related to psychotherapy research? A. Whose opinion should researchers seek? B. When should researchers ask? C. How should researchers measure psychotherapy outcome? D. Where should psychotherapy studies be conducted?
A
7. Free association is to ______ as word association is to ______. A. Sigmund Freud; Carl Jung B. Carl Jung; Sigmund Freud C. Albert Bandura; Alfred Adler D. Alfred Adler; Albert Bandura
A
7. The extent to which a psychotherapy works in a controlled research setting with well-defined groups of patients is best described as the ______ of that form of psychotherapy. A. efficacy B. effectiveness C. evidence D. none of these
A
8. According to Cattell, ______ intelligence includes the ability to solve novel problems. A. fluid B. crystallized C. marginal D. majority
A
8. An important skill for a clinical interviewer is ______, which is best described as the ability to know how he tends to affect others interpersonally and how others tend to relate to him. A. being self-aware B. developing positive working relationships C. establishing rapport D. quieting yourself
A
8. Compared to effectiveness studies, efficacy studies of psychotherapy outcome ______. A. typically have stronger internal validity B. typically include a wider variety of clients with more complex diagnostic profiles C. typically have stronger external validity D. are best conducted in private practice settings
A
9. Positive working relationships with clients ______. A. can be developed using attentive listening, appropriate empathy, and genuine respect B. are not dependent on the interviewer's attitude and actions C. should be established immediately for assessments but over time for therapy D. are required for clients who self-pay but only recommended for those who use insurance
A
9. Which of the following is TRUE regarding current editions of the Wechsler intelligence tests? A. There are separate tests for three different populations: adults, children, and preschoolers. B. There is a single test that is appropriate for all clients ranging from preschool age through adulthood. C. There is a single test, and it is appropriate for adults only. D. There are separate tests for five different populations: adults 65 and over, adults 35-64, adults under 35, children, and preschoolers.
A
9. ______ is a test-construction method that involves identifying distinct groups of people, asking all of them to respond to the same test items, and comparing responses between the groups. A. Empirical criterion keying B. Logarithmic modeling C. Factor analysis D. Comparative group coding
A
1. Psychodynamic psychotherapy refers broadly to the approach created by ______ and includes all subsequent adaptations or expansions of it. A. Carl Rogers B. Sigmund Freud C. Hans Strupp D. B. F. Skinner
B
1. The harmful dysfunction theory of mental disorders was developed by ______. A. Sigmund Freud B. Jerome Wakefield C. Emil Kraepelin D. B. F. Skinner
B
1. ______ tests measure a client's intellectual abilities, whereas ______ tests measure what a client has accomplished with those intellectual abilities. A. Objective personality; projective personality B. Intelligence; achievement C. Neuropsychological; intelligence D. Intelligence; personality
B
10. Which of the following statements most accurately summarizes the results of the thousands of psychotherapy efficacy studies that have been conducted? A. Psychotherapy doesn't work. B. Psychotherapy works. C. Psychotherapy with female clients works; psychotherapy with male clients doesn't work. D. It is not possible to determine whether psychotherapy works.
B
12. Eye contact, body language, vocal qualities, and verbal tracking are specific types of ______. A. behavioral psychotherapy techniques B. attending behaviors C. rapport enhancers D. nonverbal interviewing
B
13. A client who scores very high on the clinical scale called "Psychopathic Deviate" on the MMPI-2 is most likely to receive a diagnosis of ______. A. major depressive disorder B. antisocial personality disorder C. borderline personality disorder D. specific phobia
B
14. Cultural variables are important in the context of a clinical interview. For example, compared to people from North America or Britain, people of Middle Eastern or Latino/Latina cultures tend to ______. A. prefer a greater amount of personal space B. prefer a smaller amount of personal space C. expect the clinical interviewer to offer food or drink during the interviewer D. view the clinical interviewer as an expert
B
14. Researchers have examined to what extent practitioners use treatments supported by efficacy studies. What did they find? A. Clinicians who are also psychotherapy researchers are more likely to place a high value on selecting treatments supported by efficacy studies. B. Practitioners often cited their clinical experience, not efficacy studies, as a top factor in treatment selection. C. Clinicians preferred treatments supported by efficacy studies when the treatments were manualized to an extent that did not allow any deviation from the protocol. D. Dissemination of treatments supported by efficacy studies to clinicians is relatively easy.
B
15. The Psychasthenia scale on the MMPI-2 is a measure of ______. A. depression B. anxiety C. bipolar disorder D. schizophrenia
B
15. The Wechsler index score that measures fluid reasoning, spatial processing, and visual-motor integration is the ______ Index. A. Verbal Comprehension B. Perceptual Reasoning C. Working Memory D. Processing Speed
B
15. When clients sense that certain unconscious thoughts and feelings are being laid bare too extensively or too quickly, they create distractions or obstacles that impede the exploration of those thoughts and feelings. This is known as ______. A. defensiveness B. resistance C. displacement D. transference
B
16. The 1995 psychotherapy study published in Consumer Reports magazine ______. A. is an example of an efficacy study B. is an example of an effectiveness study C. concluded that treatment by a mental health professional usually did not produce benefits D. included a comparison group of individuals who were on the waiting list for psychotherapy but did not receive it
B
22. A clinical psychologist ______. A. should always take written notes during an interview B. must obtain written permission to videotape an interview C. should position himself behind a stately desk while conducting an interview D. should use an iPad for note-taking, since research supports it is accepted better by clients than a laptop
B
22. The dodo bird verdict has been challenged by some psychotherapy researchers, including ______. A. Bruce Wampold B. Dianne Chambless C. Stanley Messer D. Henrietta Churchill
B
23. An approach to psychotherapy in which specific therapy techniques are viewed as the treatment of choice for specific disorders is best described as the ______ approach. A. behavioral B. prescriptive C. common-factors D. relationship-based
B
23. DSM-5 was created by ______. A. soliciting and summarizing public opinion on which disorders in DSM-IV should be eliminated B. prominent researchers who were members of a Task Force and Work Groups C. the American Counseling Association D. the same organization that publishes the International Classification of Diseases
B
23. Theodore Millon is ______. A. the lead member of the DSM-5 anxiety disorders Work Group B. the creator of the MCMI C. a leading intelligence assessment researcher D. the son of Rolland Millon, the primary author of the first DSM
B
23. Which of the following is NOT true regarding the WIAT? A. The WIAT-III measures achievement in four broad areas. B. The Oral Language Composite score is derived from the Pseudoword Decoding and Numerical Operations subtests. C. The WIAT-III measures the broad areas of reading, math, written language, and oral language. D. The WIAT-III can be administered to clients age 4-50 years.
B
24. Among the following individuals, who would be most likely to support a prescriptive approach to therapy? A. Bruce Wampold B. Dianne Chambless C. Stanley Messer D. Henrietta Churchill
B
25. Interviewers who use a(n) ______ style of interviewing allow the client to determine the course of the interview. A. directive B. nondirective C. rapport-building D. evidence-based
B
25. The ______ is a thorough and lengthy battery of eight standardized neuropsychological tests. A. Bender-Gestalt II B. Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery C. Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery D. Universal Nonverbal Intelligence Test
B
25. Which of the following statements is TRUE? A. Although many publications print the newest diagnostic manual's title as DSM-5, the correct printing requires a Roman numeral (DSM-V). B. As with previous editions, the current edition of the DSM instructs clinicians to provide multiaxial diagnoses. C. The current DSM requires a GAF score to accompany all diagnoses. D. The current DSM eliminates the five-axis diagnostic system.
B
25. ______ occurs when a patient forms a relationship with a therapist in which he unconsciously and unrealistically expects the therapist to behave like important people in his life. A. Reflection B. Transference C. Allegiance effects D. Countertransference
B
26. Dr. Young, a clinical psychologist, is conducting an assessment of a client who experienced a head injury in a car accident. She uses the Halstead-Reitan battery to determine impairment of the functioning of specific components or structures of the brain. Dr. Young is conducting ______ testing. A. intelligence B. neuropsychological C. achievement D. personality
B
27. Based on the textbook, which of the following is NOT a revision to a mental disorder that was included in DSM-5? A. The "bereavement exclusion" included in the diagnostic criteria for a major depressive episode was dropped. B. Asperger's disorder was expanded and can now be diagnoses as mild, moderate, or severe Asperger's disorder. C. The age at which symptoms must first appear in individuals diagnosed with ADHD was changed from 7 to 12 years old. D. The frequency of binges required for bulimia nervosa was decreased to once per week.
B
27. The "blank screen" role of the psychotherapist is most important to ______ psychotherapists. A. cognitive B. psychodynamic C. behavioral D. humanistic
B
27. Whereas a ______ echoes the client's words, a ______ echoes the client's emotions. A. paraphrase; confrontation B. paraphrase; reflection of feeling C. clarification; reflection of feeling D. conclusion; reflection of feeling
B
28. According to surveys of clinical psychologists since 1960, the popularity of cognitive therapy ______. A. has decreased B. has increased C. increased in the 1960s and 1970s but decreased in the 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s D. has remained constant
B
28. The ______ is a memory test that can be used to assess individuals who are suspected to have memory problems due to brain injury, dementia, or substance abuse. A. WPPSI-III B. WMS-IV C. NEO-PI-R D. RBANS
B
3. A(n) ______ statistically combines the results of many separate studies to create numerical representations of the effects of psychotherapy as tested across massive numbers of settings, therapists, and patients. A. tripartite model B. meta-analysis C. effectiveness study D. outcome measure
B
3. Dr. Brox creates a new assessment technique, the Superior Clinical Interval for Therapists (SCIT). We can say the SCIT has ______ if it measures what it claims to measure. We can say the SCIT has ______ if it yields consistent, repeatable results. A. reliability; validity B. validity; reliability C. clinical utility; statistical utility D. statistical utility; clinical utility
B
3. Spearman created the concept of ______, an individual's general intelligence or global, overall intellectual ability. A. fluid intelligence B. g C. crystallized intelligence D. s
B
30. A recent survey of clinical psychologists (Norcross & Karpiak, 2012) found that the format of psychotherapy that was practiced by the highest percentage of clinical psychologists was ______. A. marital/couples B. individual C. family D. group
B
30. The RBANS is a(n) ______. A. IQ test for preschool-aged children B. neuropsychological screener that focuses on a broader range of abilities than the Bender-Gestalt C. achievement test D. completely language-free test of intelligence
B
31. In the stages of change model developed by Norcross, Krebs, and Prochaska (2011), a patient in the ______ stage is aware that a problem exists, considering doing something to address it, but is not ready to commit to any real effort in that direction. A. precontemplation B. contemplation C. preparation D. action
B
31. ______ created a comprehensive scoring system for the Rorschach Inkblot Method. A. Herman Rorschach B. John Exner C. Aaron Beck D. Theodore Millon
B
33. As part of an assessment, Dr. Bush asks Mary to finish sentence stems printed on a paper, such as "My favorite . . ." and "I feel afraid. . . ." This assessment technique is known as a ______. A. sentence completion test, an objective measure of personality B. sentence completion test, a projective measure of personality C. narrative casting test, an objective measure of personality D. narrative casting test, a projective measure of personality
B
35. Compared to the definition of generalized anxiety disorder in DSM-5 (2013), the definition of anxiety neurosis in DSM-II (1968) ______. A. contains more specific diagnostic criteria B. contains more terminology derived from psychoanalysis C. lists more specific quantities and timeframes D. is essentially the same; there is little difference between the two definitions
B
35. Which of the following statements is TRUE about how well psychodynamic therapy works? A. The nature of psychodynamic therapy readily lends itself to empirical study. B. Many studies, including meta-analyses, indicate that psychodynamic treatment is generally beneficial. C. Empirical support for the treatment of personality disorders with psychodynamic therapy does not exist. D. Transference-focused psychotherapy has been largely discredited as an acceptable treatment for bipolar disorder.
B
4. A ______ model of intelligence proposes that specific abilities exist and are important, but they are all somewhat related to each other and to a global, overall, general intelligence. A. topical B. hierarchical C. fluid D. multiple
B
4. The tripartite model, a theory related to the measurement of psychotherapy outcome, was created by ______. A. Hans Eysenck B. Hans Strupp C. Dianne Chambless D. Bruce Wampold
B
5. An element common to all kinds of psychological assessment is ______, which may take the form of a face-to-face meeting or written report. A. coaching B. feedback C. clinical utility D. validity
B
5. ______ include unambiguous test items, offer clients a limited range of responses, and have clear scoring guidelines. A. Projective personality tests B. Objective personality tests C. Sentence completion tests D. Naturalistic observation techniques
B
5. ______ is to intelligence is one thing, as ______ is to intelligence is many things. A. Louis Thurstone; Charles Spearman B. Charles Spearman; Louis Thurstone C. James Cattell; John Carroll D. John Carroll; James Cattell
B
6. The extent to which a psychotherapy works in "real-world" settings (such as clinics, private practices, and hospitals) is best described as the ______ of that form of psychotherapy. A. efficacy B. effectiveness C. evidence D. none of these
B
6. ______ of clinical psychologists use clinical interviews as part of their assessment processes. A. About half B. The vast majority C. About 25% D. Less than 5%
B
7. According to Cattell, ______ intelligence is intelligence accumulated as a result of life experiences. A. fluid B. crystallized C. marginal D. majority
B
9. Attenuated psychosis syndrome ______. A. is not mentioned in the current DSM B. is listed as a proposed criteria set in the "Emerging Measures and Models" section of the current DSM C. is listed as an official disorder in the current DSM D. is included in the current DSM as a subtype of major depressive disorder
B
38. A(n) ______ interview is a special type of clinical interview designed not only to assess a problem demanding urgent attention but also to provide immediate intervention for the problem. A. diagnostic B. informal C. crisis D. abbreviated
C
1. The most common professional activity of clinical psychologists is ______. A. personality assessment B. intelligence testing C. psychotherapy D. teaching
C
11. Disorders such as attenuated psychosis syndrome are not official diagnoses and are listed as ______ in DSM-5. A. upcoming diagnoses B. research disorders C. proposed criteria sets D. culture-bound syndromes
C
11. Taking a ______ approach to psychotherapy efficacy studies means attempting to identify and treat the underlying pathology that causes symptoms across related disorders. A. monodiagnostic B. polydiagnositc C. transdiagnostic D. bidiagnostic
C
11. The original MMPI and the MMPI-2 both feature ______ clinical scales. A. 2 B. 5 C. 10 D. 30
C
12. Barlow's development of a unified protocol is an example of a ______ approach to psychotherapy efficacy studies. A. monodiagnostic B. polydiagnositc C. transdiagnostic D. bidiagnostic
C
13. Clarissa dreams she is a platypus flopping about on a never-ending sandy beach, while the bright sun slowly bakes her to a crisp. Dr. Siggie, her psychologist, explains that the never-ending beach represents her inability to emotionally escape from an abusive relationship, and the sun represents the abuser. What is the manifest content in this scenario? A. the beach representing her inability to escape an abusive relationship B. the sun representing an abuser C. Clarissa as a platypus flopping about on a beach D. Dr. Siggie's nonverbal behaviors while explaining Clarissa's dream
C
13. Cultural variables are important in the context of a clinical interview. For example, compared to traditional Western culture, Asian cultures tend to feature ______. A. more eye contact B. more eye contact between members of the opposite sex C. less physical touch D. more physical touch
C
13. The Wechsler intelligence tests yield all of the following EXCEPT ______. A. a single full-scale intelligence score B. several index scores C. about a dozen specific subtest scores D. an age quotient score
C
15. In the mid-1900s, ______ developed a classification system to treat World War II soldiers that had a significant influence on the creation of the first DSM. A. NATO B. the World Health Organization C. the U.S. Army and Veterans' Administration D. the European Psychiatric Association
C
15. Referring to a client by the proper name ______. A. isn't particularly relevant when developing rapport B. includes making assumptions about nicknames that a psychologist uses for the client across treatment C. can be accomplished by asking the client how he would like to be addressed early in treatment D. is always achieved by addressing the client by his first name
C
17. Barak completes the MMPI-2. His results produce a highly elevated K scale score. A clinical psychologist interpreting this score should conclude that Barak is ______. A. lying B. "faking bad" C. "faking good" D. responding infrequently
C
17. For the current editions of the Wechsler intelligence tests and Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales, the mean score for full-scale IQ is ______. A. 50 B. 75 C. 100 D. 125
C
18. It is important for clinical interviewers to appreciate how communication styles tend to differ across cultures. For example, ______. A. Asian Americans tend to speak more loudly than European Americans B. European Americans tend to speak more quickly than Native Americans C. Hispanic Americans tend to speak more loudly than European Americans D. Asian Americans are more inclined to hold eye contact than European Americans
C
23. Of all defense mechanisms, ______ is typically considered to be the most mature or healthy by psychodynamic psychotherapists. A. displacement B. repression C. sublimation D. reaction formation
C
27. Which of the following statements is NOT true? A. The PAI emphasizes psychopathology and problem behaviors. B. There is a version of the PAI that can be used for clients as young as 12. C. The PAI consists of 221 items and includes 21 different scales. D. The PAI offers four different responses: totally false, slightly true, mainly true, and very true.
C
29. According to psychodynamic psychotherapists, fixation at the oral stage can result in problems related to ______ later in life, fixation at the anal stage can result in problems related to ______ later in life, and fixation at the phallic stage can result in problems related to ______ later in life. A. dependency; self-worth; control B. control; dependency; self-worth C. dependency; control; self-worth D. self-worth; control; dependency
C
29. Recent editions of the DSM, including DSM-5, have received numerous criticisms. Which of the following statements is inconsistent with the criticisms discussed in the textbook? A. The breadth of coverage of recent DSMs was expanded too much. B. The cutoffs that separate those who qualify for disorders from those who do not are often arbitrary rather than empirically based. C. Diagnoses such as premenstrual dysphoric disorder demonstrate a significant reduction in DSM gender bias. D. Nonempirical influences, such as political and social forces, may have too much influence on the decisions made by DSM authors.
C
3. Clinical psychologists who select assessment methods that have strong validity, reliability, and clinical utility are practicing ______. A. multimodal assessment B. culturally competent assessment C. evidence-based assessment D. testing
C
31. A(n) ______ interview is a predetermined, planned sequences of questions that an interviewer asks a client. By contrast, a(n) ______ interview is improvised and involves no predetermined questions. A. primary; secondary B. secondary; primary C. structured; unstructured D. unstructured; structured
C
31. Freud's psychodynamic psychotherapy has been reinvented in many forms, including all of the following EXCEPT ______. A. Erikson's ego psychology B. Klein's object relations C. Jung's associative psychology D. Kohut's self-psychology
C
34. A(n) ______ approach to psychotherapy involves selecting the best treatment for a given client based on empirical data from studies of the treatment of similar clients. A. integrative B. psychodynamic C. eclectic D. behavioral
C
35. Naturalistic observation is most likely to be practiced by a clinical psychologist who endorses ______. A. projective personality tests B. objective personality tests that emphasize normal personality traits C. behavioral assessment D. objective personality tests that emphasize abnormal or psychopathological aspects of personality
C
37. ______ is the extent to which an assessment technique yields consistent, repeatable results. A. Discriminant validity B. Clinical utility C. Reliability D. Content validity
C
4. Of all the available assessment procedures, clinical psychologists rely most frequently on the ______. A. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale B. Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children C. clinical interview D. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
C
6. The three-stratum theory of intelligence is a contemporary theory that proposes a single, overall ability that contains eight broad factors, each of which contains many more specific abilities. This theory was proposed by ______. A. Charles Spearman B. Louis Thurstone C. John Carroll D. James Cattell
C
7. In the context of the clinical interview, the term quieting yourself is best described as the ______. A. client's efforts to remain quiet in order to fully attend to the interviewer's questions B. interviewer's efforts to control the volume of his speaking voice to match that of the client C. interviewer's efforts to control his own internal, self-directed thinking pattern in order to enhance listening D. interviewer's policy of remaining entirely silent during the interview in order to facilitate transference
C
7. Which of the following is NOT an example of an objective personality test? A. Personality Assessment Inventory B. NEO Personality Inventory C. Thematic Apperception Test D. Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory
C
10. Loraine is a clinical psychology graduate student conducting her first clinical interview with a client. While her client describes reasons for seeking treatment, Loraine finds herself distracted by internal thoughts such as, "What questions should I ask next?" and "When is the project due for my linear regression class?" In this instance, Loraine has the opportunity to improve which general skill of clinical interviewing? A. being self-aware B. developing positive working relationships C. eye contact D. quieting yourself
D
10. The WISC is an appropriate test for a client who is ______ years old. A. 68 B. 25 C. 11 D. 3
D
12. The WPPSI is an appropriate test for a client who is ______ years old. A. 81 B. 13 C. 52 D. 4
D
13. Which of the following statements is NOT true? Despite the overwhelming evidence offered by efficacy studies. A. There is a gap between those who conduct efficacy research on psychotherapy and those who practice it. B. The studies' results are not always heeded by those who practice therapy in the real world. C. Some practicing clinicians complain that researchers who conduct the studies do so in an artificial, contrived, and irrelevant manner. D. There has yet to be a corresponding effectiveness study that supports their findings.
D
16. Which of the following is TRUE regarding the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales? A. This test of intelligence has not been revised since the 1960s, and as a result, its content and normative groups have been widely criticized. B. There are four separate versions of this test corresponding to four different age ranges. C. Despite its misleading name, the Stanford-Binet was actually created by David Wechsler. D. The test is to be administered face-to-face and one-on-one.
D
17. Which of the following is UNLIKELY to enhance rapport in a clinical interview? A. efforts by the interviewer to put the client at ease, especially at the beginning of the interview B. acknowledgment by the interviewer that the clinical interview is a unique, unusual situation C. efforts by the interviewer to notice how the client uses language, and then following the client's lead D. excessive small talk used to distract the client from the awkwardness of the interview
D
18. The "dodo bird verdict" refers to the finding that ______. A. behavioral psychotherapy is more beneficial than cognitive psychotherapy B. psychodynamic psychotherapy is more beneficial than humanistic psychotherapy C. behavioral psychotherapy is more beneficial than all other forms of psychotherapy D. various forms of psychotherapy are about equally beneficial
D
19. DSM-III differed from its predecessors in all of the following significant ways EXCEPT that it ______. A. introduced a multiaxial diagnostic system B. listed specific diagnostic criteria to define disorders C. featured a greater reliance on empirical data rather than clinical consensus D. emphasized psychoanalytic and humanistic perspectives
D
19. To develop rapport during a clinical interview, an interviewer should do all of the following EXCEPT ______. A. make an effort to put the client at ease B. acknowledge the unique, unusual situation of the interview C. notice how the client uses language and follow the client's lead D. gently correct the client when he uses metaphors incorrectly
D
20. Communication styles often differ between men and women. For example, ______. A. women tend to use talk to assert themselves and achieve goals, whereas men tend to use talk to build relationships B. women tend to avoid self-disclosure because it brings vulnerability, whereas men tend to engage in self-disclosure because it brings closeness C. men tend to use talk to build relationships, whereas women tend to use talk to demean their competitors D. men tend to avoid self-disclosure because it brings vulnerability, whereas women tend to engage in self-disclosure because it brings closeness
D
22. The WIAT is ______. A. currently in its second edition B. a lengthy neuropsychological test designed to localize neurologic damage following stroke C. a recently developed intelligence test that involves no verbal instructions or responses, thus enhancing cultural fairness D. an individually administered test of language, reading, writing, and mathematics achievement
D
25. The NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-3) emphasizes ______. A. personality disorders B. mood disorders C. psychotic disorders D. normal personality traits
D
25. When a client's preference for type of psychotherapy is honored, it ______. A. has little effect on the client's dropout rate B. decreases client satisfaction with treatment C. is unrelated to how much benefit the client derives from treatment D. can enhance the therapy relationship and outcome
D
26. Interviewers use ______ questions when they notice discrepancies or inconsistencies in a client's comments. A. open-ended B. closed-ended C. clarification D. confrontation
D
28. Dr. Huckabee is conducting a clinical interview with Megan. At the end of the interview, he ties together various topics that Megan discussed, connecting statements she made at various points, and identifies themes in the information she has provided. Which of the following techniques is Dr. Huckabee using? A. paraphrasing B. reflection of feeling C. clarification D. summarizing
D
29. According to surveys of clinical psychologists since 1960, the humanistic orientation to psychotherapy ______. A. was the most commonly endorsed orientation in the 1970s B. was the most commonly endorsed orientation in the 1990s C. has steadily increased in popularity through the 2010s D. has decreased in popularity from the late 1980s to present
D
29. Dr. Harris, a clinical psychologist, is interviewing a client with the primary purpose of determining whether the agency where Dr. Harris works can provide the services required by this client. In other words, Dr. Harris is conducting a(n) ______. A. mental status exam B. structured interview C. diagnostic interview D. intake interview
D
36. Based on the textbook, researchers have measured the outcome of psychotherapy by doing all of the following EXCEPT ______. A. assessing the reduction in spending on medical services when psychotherapy is provided B. using PET and fMRI scans to view changes in the brain subsequent to psychotherapy C. surveying clients about their experiences in psychotherapy D. comparing hemoglobin levels between those with and without mental disorders
D
37. "Therapeutic assessment" ______. A. involves the use of projective personality tests in a deliberately therapeutic way B. is a practice developed by Stephen Finn and colleagues in which cognitive therapy begins without a formal assessment, with the assumption that the first few sessions of therapy can provide adequate assessment data C. requires the use of massage to decrease patient nervousness prior to beginning an assessment D. describes the use of psychological testing and feedback as a brief therapeutic intervention
D
37. Chiles et al. (1999) conducted a review of over 90 studies of the effect of psychotherapy on medical costs and found that, in comparison to clients receiving no psychotherapy, clients receiving psychotherapy ______. A. had higher medical costs B. spent more days in the hospital C. required more time to recover from surgery D. reduced their need for emergency room visits
D
5. Of the following approaches to psychotherapy, which most heavily relies on inferential methods? A. behavioral B. cognitive-behavioral C. exposure plus response prevention D. psychodynamic
D
5. Which of the following is NOT a part of DSM-5's definition of a mental disorder? A. clinically significant disturbance in cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior B. dysfunction in mental functioning C. usually associated with significant distress or disability D. consists of behaviors witnessed in less than 30% of the population
D
7. The DSM is primarily authored by ______. A. social workers B. counselors C. psychologists D. psychiatrists
D
9. Dr. Harbinger is studying a new psychotherapy treatment for depression. He carefully screens potential participants to make sure they fit strict diagnostic criteria and randomly assigns them to a treatment or control group. He is most likely conducting a(n) ______ study. A. power B. effectiveness C. efficiency D. efficacy
D
9. When a patient is asked to engage in ______, the patient's task is to verbalize any thought that comes to mind, no matter how nonsensical, inappropriate, illogical, or unimportant it may seem. A. word association B. fixation C. projection D. free association
D
