Psych
You meet someone at a party who frequently engages in name-dropping. She tells you that she is close friends with two popular movie stars. This is an example of:
Basking in reflected glory
The physical abuse, emotional abuse, and sexual abuse of an intimate partner is sometimes called:
Battering
Who is more likely to engage in physical aggression?
Beau, who was raised in Savannah, Georgia
Psychologists are interested in:
Behavior and its accompanying thought processes and physiological processes
Coping with the high stress demands of work by drinking heavily with co-workers every evening is an example of which of the following kinds of response?
Behavioral
Which perspective on personality development is most concerned with how one's learning history influences who they later become?
Behavioral
Suppose a friend asks you for advice about entering psychotherapy for his or her anxiety disorder. Which of the following recommendations should you make?
Behavioral or cognitive-behavioral therapies are most effective for this category of disorders.
What is the key to better time management?
Being more effective
exert their effect very quickly
Benzodiazepines (treatment for anxiety) differ from antidepressants in that they:
_________is really a descriptive term in that it specifically signifies one has lost a loved one.
Bereavement
The majority of divorces occur:
Between five and ten years of marriage
The mood disorder marked by periods of low mood and energy as well as high mood and energy is:
Bipolar Disorder
People who seek emotional-sexual relationships with members of both genders are ________ .
Bisexual
One recent trend seen in psychotherapy is:
Blending of treatment approaches
Which of the following is NOT a source of self-efficacy?
Blocking emotional arousal
In selecting a self-help book, you should look for:
Books that offer detailed directions about a specific behavior
In adolescence and adulthood, the hormone testosterone plays a role in sexual activity and desire for:
Both men and women
________ occurs when people change their behavior in public, but have not changed their internal beliefs or attitudes.
Compliance
Behavior modification applies the principles of ________ to help change behavior
Conditioning
The notion that people suppress memories for many years, later to recall them during therapy, is considered:
Controversial
Which of the following is NOT a category of intentional self-defeating behaviors?
Counterproductive strategies
The manual that psychologists use to assist with diagnosis of disorders is called the:
DSM
Longitudinal
Daniel is interested in studying how children's behavior changes when they grow up in high-risk environments. He enlists 500 children and their parents to take part in his research, and observes these children once a year for 20 years. This type of research is an example of a ____________ study.
At a local bar, a young woman is offered a drink from a man who she met through an intramural sports team. Her best course of action would be to:
Decline the drink
Cohabitation before marriage ________ the probability of marital success.
Decreases
________ are false beliefs that are maintained even though they are clearly out of touch with reality.
Delusions
Which of the following can be fostered by a pessimistic explanatory style?
Depression/ Learned helplessness/ Passive behavior
A woman loses her baby in a tornado that destroyed her home. For months afterward, she cannot recall the event or what her baby or home looked like. This is an example of:
Dissociative Amnesia
What general category of psychological disorders is characterized by a disruption in one's consciousness, memory, identity, or perception?
Dissociative disorders
Which of the types of psychological disorders is marked by disruptions in one's sense of consciousness and/or memory?
Dissociative disorders
The legal dissolution of a marriage is:
Divorce
Anxiety problems
Dori goes to her physician complaining of a specific 'set' of psychological symptoms. After giving her a physical examination, the physician agrees to give give Dori a prescription for benzodiazepines. From which of the following problems is Dori most likely suffering
behavioral
Dr. Rogers is a psychologist who utilizes the _________ approach in psychotherapy. He concentrates on obervable actions that can be directly measured and recorded. He would be likely to use the theories of learning to help bring about positive, therapeutic change in clients
behavioral
Dr. Rogers is a psychologist who utilizes the _________ approach in psychotherapy. He concentrates on obervable actions that can be directly measured and recorded. He would be likely to use the theories of learning to help bring about positive, therapeutic change in clients.
Bipolar Disorder
Drinking one's own urine used to be considered a treatment for what disorder? (Hint: The treatment used with the urine was Lithium)
MAOIs
Due to their potentially lethal side effects, __________ are usually a last resort medication for people who have not responded to other types of antidepressants
Which of the following is NOT a motive guiding self-understanding?
Effacement
Which of the following has not been correlated to loneliness?
Ego strength
Rooting
Elizabeth is nursing her newborn daughter, and holds the baby up to her breast. As the breast strokes the child's cheek, the child turns her head toward the breast, finds her mother's nipple, and begins to feed. This is a demonstration of the __________ reflex
The ability to perceive and express emotions, use emotions to facilitate thought, understand and reason with emotion, and regulate emotion is termed:
Emotional intelligence
Responses to stress include:
Emotional, physiological and behavioral responses
A couple have been married for many years. When the husband is released from his job, the wife tells him that she believes in him and she knows that he will find another job soon because of his strengths and talents. This is an example of ________ , a key component of making a relationship last.
Emphasizing the positive
Dr. Wang works long hours, often seeing patients in evenings. He is motivated to work as much as possible because of the joy he obtains in helping others. He loves his work! This is an example of which type of workaholism?
Enthusiastic
One of the reasons why multicultural sensitivity in therapy is deemed important is:
Ethnic minority groups underutilize therapy
A psychologist asks a client a number of questions about the possible cause of her anxiety disorder. The psychologist is looking for the ________ of the problem.
Etiology
In secondary appraisal, one:
Evaluates coping resources for dealing with stress
Which of the following is true about sex in marriage?
Frequency of sex tends to decline over time
Mark and Rachel have known each other since childhood. They go to the same university and have the same circle of friends. They are not dating, but have sex occasionally. This is an example of:
Friends with benefits
When your friend Suzanne does poorly on a test, you attribute it to her laziness and procrastination rather than to the fact that she had to take her car to the shop and run errands for her mother instead of studying. This is an example of:
Fundamental attribution error
Males and females who score low on both masculinity and femininity are characterized as:
Gender-role undifferentiated
People who are single and have never been married:
Generally hope to be married at some point
Rogers believed that the three necessary conditions for positive change to occur were unconditional positive regard, empathy, and:
Genuineness
obsessions
Gerald has a constant thought that he has germs on his hands, and the longer he ruminates about this the more uncomfortable he gets. If he cannot get to a sink and wash with hot water and soap, he begins to feel that not only is he "dirty" but also that he is "contaminated." In this clinical example, the thoughts that invade Gerald's life are called
Recent research in behavioral genetics, such as that done in twin studies, has helped us conclude which of the following?
Hereditary factors help shape personality
A woman who makes extensive eye contact is probably in a position of:
High power
Masturbation in marriage has been linked to:
Higher marital satisfaction
A young couple decide to marry. They are both 25 years old, are both attorneys, and are both very attractive. This is an example of:
Homogamy
Experimental research examines:
How manipulation of the independent variable affects a change in the dependent variable
A couple seek out sex therapy because the wife seems to be completely uninterested in sex. This is an example of:
Hypoactive sexual desire
Which statement best fits the humanistic philosophy?
I felt compelled to take psychology.
The following is an example of an irrational thought according to Ellis:
I must be liked by everyone
The following is a good example of a behavior targeted for modification:
I yell at my parents too much
Jamal has a very bad temper. He is notorious for lashing out at his friends when he doesn't get his way. What is dominating Jamal's actions?
Id
75% 25%
If a brown-eyed female (Bb) mates with a brown-eyed male (Bb), the probability that their child will have brown eyes is _________ while the probability that that their child will have blue eyes is _________
Heterozygous
If a pair of alleles contains one dominant gene and one recessive gene, the pair is
somatization
If an individual complains of multiple physical symptoms that affect various different body parts or systems all at the same time, with no evidence of a physical problem. He or she may be suffering from ____________ disorder
somatization
If an individual complains of multiple physical symptoms that affect various different body parts or systems all at the same time, with no evidence of a physical problem. He or she may be suffering from ____________ disorder.
Which of the following is an example of an antecedent?
If you are alone in the evening, it usually means you'll binge on ice cream
If you are on a remote country road where only one or two cars drive by each hour.
If you are driving along and you get a flat tire, in which of the following circumstance are you most likely to receive help?
St. John's Wort will cancel out other medications you are taking (including birth control pills).
If you were to try St. John's Wort (an over-the-counter herb that is helpful for some at relieving depression), what piece of advice did I ask you to keep in mind?
Trephination
Many years ago, the cause for psychological disorders was thought to be due to demon possession. One process to let the demons out involved hammering large holes in the skull of the individual. This process is called:
The following factor plays a key role in American workers being "stressed out":
More workers employed in service industries
Which of the following is NOT a reason it is difficult to obtain accurate measures of self-esteem?
Most individuals hold unrealistically negative views about themselves.
Which of the following is consistent with the self-defeating behavior?
Most people engage in self-defeating behavior at some time.
People with high ________ tend to behave more aggressively when faced with critical feedback.
Narcissism
Evolutionary explanations of gender differences are based on ________ .
Natural selection
The following are methods of correlational research:
Naturalistic observation, case studies, and surveys
The cognitive factor that may make people more vulnerable to depression is:
Negative thinking
Criticisms of the following theories include the fact that concepts are difficult to define and measure:
Psychodynamic and Humanistic
Stress can cause:
Psychological problems and positive effects
Strange Situation
Psychologist Mary Ainsworth developed the __________ test in order to assess the different types of attachment that might exist between a child and his or her primary caregiver.
A teen begins to decrease his use of Facebook after some friends tease him about his posts. This is an example of:
Punishment
Which of the following is not an important step to developing an assertive communication style?
Purchase a self-help book on assertiveness
The __________ effect is the tendency for people to behave in accordance with others' expectations.
Pygmalion
An employer offers her employee a raise if he will agree to sex with her. This is an example of which type of sexual harassment?
Quid pro quo
Sexually Transmitted Diseases:
Range from being fairly harmless to being lethal
The system of therapy developed by Albert Ellis is called:
Rational-emotive behavior therapy
Personality, preexisting attitudes, and expectations are all considered:
Receiver factors
In a married couple, the husband decides that he wants to pursue world-wide travel on his own and asks his wife for a divorce. This is an example of:
Reduced premium on permanence
A man practices introducing himself to others with his therapist in session. This is called:
Rehearsal
Longer periods of courtship are ________ marital success.
Related to higher probability of
Positivity, assurances, and sharing tasks are all important factors in:
Relationship maintenance
The context of interpersonal communication, or environment in which communication takes place, includes the following components:
Relationship, history, and mood
Which of the following is true?
Relaxation techniques may be as effective as meditation
Overall, women's wages:
Remain lower then men's wage
After a client experiences a particularly painful session in which he talks about the death of his mother, he cancels several sessions and arrives late several times. This is an example of:
Resistance
The type of prejudice held by people toward any group perceived to be different is:
Right-wing authoritarianism
Although the idiographic approach to studying personality might give a very rich and detailed accounting of a person's life, the findings are often based on post-hoc explanations of events that have already occurred. This makes the findings difficult to contest. This is a problem for which principle of critical thinking?
Ruling out rival hypotheses
According to the authors, ________ is one of the most influential personality theorists in all of psychology
Sigmund Freud
Pressure
Social _____________ refers to real or imagined psychological forces that people exert over others through their example, judgments, or demands.
A teen is excited about the new car his parents bought him until he learns that a friend just bought a much more expensive car. He then feels down about himself. This is an example of:
Social comparison theory
A father teaches his son how to mow the lawn and make minor repairs around the house. This is an example of:
Socialization
Which of the following is a disorder that takes the form of a bodily ailment that has no physical cause?
Somatoform
Informational
Some of the participants in Asch's conformity study claimed that they conformed because they were sure that the others had the correct answer. What type of social influence were they under?
Informational
Some of the participants in Aschs conformity study claimed that they conformed because they were sure that the others had the correct answer. What type of social influence were they under?
Behavioral Expectation
Some students are put into advanced placement (AP) classes, while some students are put into basic classes. Not surprisingly, students who are told that they are expected to excel tend to show better learning and results in their classes. This result is one example of the _____ confirmation.
Behavioral Expectation
Some students are put into advanced placement (AP) classes, while some students are put into basic classes. Not surprisingly, students who are told that they are expected to excel tend to show better learning and results in their classes. This result is one example of the __________ confirmation.
Which criterion would designate a person who never talks to anyone as abnormal?
Statistical rarity
A ________ is a widely held belief that people have certain characteristics because of their group membership.
Stereotype
Short-term side effects of ________ include increased blood pressure and heart rate, increased talkativeness, restlessness, anxiety and panic.
Stimulants
One reason you may be more susceptible to the common cold when you're stressed out is:
Stress may weaken your immune system
The way workers view their jobs is ________ income.
Strongly related to
Karen is a family therapist who has just arrived at her client family's home to have dinner with them and spend the evening. Her visit is not social, but rather will be an opportunity for her to see how the family interacts with one another. Karen is using which family therapy model?
Structural family therapy
__________, typically pencil-and-paper tests, are the best-known personality instruments
Structured personality tests
The following is an example of a positive correlation:
Students who have higher GPAs in high school have higher GPAs in college
The spectrum of communication style ranges from ________ , in which the speaker defers to others, to ________ , in which the speaker is focused on getting what he or she wants regardless of how it affects other people.
Submissive, aggressive
conversion
Sudden, unexplained blindness, deafness, paralysis, or numbness in a specific body part is a symptom of ___________ disorder
Conversion
Sudden, unexplained blindness, deafness, paralysis, or numbness in a specific body part is a symptom of ___________ disorder.
Desensitization
Systematic _________ is a very effective treatment for a phobia in which a person learns to pair a state of deep relaxation with exposure to the trigger of their pho0bia. This behavior technique helps replace a learned fear with a more relaxed, adaptive response to the target of the phobia
A client has a fear of elevators. The therapist has the client construct a hierarchy of anxiety related to elevators; teaches the client relaxation; and then the client progressively works through the hierarchy in a relaxed state. This technique is called:
Systematic desensitization
An important aspect of small talk is to:
Talk about topics that others can relate to
Which of the following is not true about changes taking place in the world of work?
Technological changes are slowing down and stabilizing
Self-serving
The __________ bias is the tendency for a person to attribute his or her failures to external events and his or her successes to the personal characteristics and skills.
Medical
The __________ model of psychopathology is the concept that psychological abnormalities are diseases that, like biological diseases, have symptoms, causes and cures
medical
The __________ model of psychopathology is the concept that psychological abnormalities are diseases that, like biological diseases, have symptoms, causes and cures
Shared Identity
The ____________ technique encourages compliance by making a person feel that he or she is similar to other people in thought, feeling, and behavior
Shared Identity
The ____________ technique encourages compliance by making a person feel that he or she is similar to other people in thought, feeling, and behavior.
A non-profit organization sends you address labels with their logo on it for free, but ask for a donation to help support their campaign. This is an example of:
The reciprocity principle
The two key facets of psychology are:
The science and the profession
In correlational research, the size of the correlation refers to:
The strength of the correlation between two variables
Self Serving Bias
The tendency for a person to attribute his or her failures to external events and his or her successes to personal characteristics and skills.
Things such as increased acceptance of singlehood and cohabitation are challenges to:
The traditional model of marriage
Bystander
The tragic case of Kitty Genovese illustrated the ___________ effect, which suggests that the more people who are present, the less likely any of them are to provide assistance when it is needed.
bystander
The tragic case of Kitty Genovese illustrated the ___________ effect, which suggests that the more people who are present, the less likely any of them are to provide assistance when it is needed.
Psychopharmacology
The treatment of mental disorder with medication is known as
Social psychology
The way we each affect the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of others and are, in turn, affected by others is the study of __________________.
Suggestibility
The work of Solomon Asch showed how ___________, or susceptibility to the opinions of others, can cause people to conform.
suggestability
The work of Solomon Asch showed how ___________, or susceptibility to the opinions of others, can cause people to conform.
proximal
The zone of _____________ development from the theory of Lev Vygotsky refers to the difference between what a child can do alone and what a child can do together with a more competent person.
Cross-cultural research about personality has shown that:
There are some universal personality traits across cultures
When a woman works outside the home:
There is usually no detrimental effect on her children
One advantage of experimental research designs is:
They can show cause-and-effect relationships
One concern about the use of antidepressants in children and adolescents is:
They may increase suicidal behavior
Which of the following is a reason why self-realization programs may be so successful?
They provide a sense of purpose for some people's lives
In 1954, this drug ushered in the pharmacological revolution in the treatment of serious psychological disorders.
Thorazine
andryogynous
Those who rate themselves equally on both masculine and feminine traits are referred to as ___________.
more likely to seek Psychological treatment
Those with higher education, Women, Those with superior health insurance
One way in which parents typically socialize their children is:
Through encouraging gender appropriate play activities
The following is an example of the regression defense mechanism. An adult doesn't win the cycling race he'd been preparing for and he:
Throws a temper tantrum
According to Freud, why do people develop defense mechanisms?
To protect themselves from painful emotions
The two assumptions underlying behavior therapies are that behavior is learned and that:
What is learned can be unlearned
An obsession is a thought, while a compulsion is a behavior.
What is the difference between an obsession and compulsion?
catatonic
What type of Schizophrenia is marked by striking motor disturbances, ranging from muscular rigidity to random motor activity
Catatonic
What type of Schizophrenia is marked by striking motor disturbances, ranging from muscular rigidity to random motor activity?
moro
When a baby is frightened or startled by a loud noise or by the sensation of falling, she will extend her arms out in a reflexive action. Though the exact purpose of this reaction is not well understood, it is called the ____________ reflex.
Loving, warm & sensitive
When a young boy's mother leaves the room, he becomes moderately upset, but is easily soothed when she returns. Based on your knowledge of attachment styles, which of the following is most likely the way the boy's parents act with him?
Lithium
Which of the following simple salt elements is used as a mood stabilizing drug, often prescribed to people suffering from bipolar disorder?
I scratch your back, so now you own me one.
Which of the following statements is the best summary of the "norm of reciprocity"?
Enlargement of the ventricles
Which physical change to the brain has been noted in those suffering from schizophrenia?
Behavioral therapy
Which type of therapy bases its treatments on the basic principles of learning theory?
Sex; gender
While _________ is a biological phenomenon, _________ is psychological
Fundamental Attribution Error
While driving down a busy highway, Bella is suddenly cut off by another driver. Very frustrated by this, Bella yells out "You're such a jerk!" Bella's use of a dispositional attribution when she really has no idea why the other driver is behaving this way is an example of the _______________.
Jeff habitually finds women who are dating someone else as the most attractive. His attempts at finding a suitable partner is self-defeating because he is using
a counterproductive strategy on a regular basis.
Cognitive Dissonance
a disconnect between a person's internal attitudes and his or her external behavior.
After being passed up for a promotion and then getting into a heated argument with his son, a man disappears. He shows up two weeks later in another town with no memory of who he is or how he got there. He appears to be suffering from ______.
a dissociative disorder
Any pattern of behavior that causes people significant distress, is uncommon in society, and/or harms their ability to function in daily life may indicate the presence of___________.
a mental disorder
What does complicated mourning imply?
a more severe form of loss that falls outside the range of "normal" bereavement
mania
a period of euphoria characterized by elevated self-esteem, increased talkativeness, enhanced energy, and a decreased need for sleep
Attribution theory
a person understands other people by attributing their behavior either to their internal dispositions or their external situations.
Mentalizing
a person's understanding that his or her behavior and that of others reflects a person's mental states.
Group Think
a phenomenon in which group members' opionons become so uniform that all dissent becomes impossible.
Fundamental Attribution Error (FAE)
a phenomenon in which people make an attribution based on character, even when they know that the behavior is situational.
Bystander Effect
a phenomenon in which the likelihood that a person requiring help receives it from an individual bystander is inversely proportional to the number of bystanders present.
Group Polarization
a phenomenon in which the more members of a group discuss similar opinions, the more extreme their position become.
Behavioral Expectation Confirmation
a phenomenon that enables a person to influence other people to behave in accordance with his or her expectations.
Hedonic Motive
a pleasurable incentive or an attempt to avoid pain that causes us to act in a certain way.
Covariation Principle
a process of attribution in which behavior is observed based on three characteristics: the behavior's distinctiveness, it's consistency, and consensus.
Deindividuation
a process that allows people in a group to relinquish personal responsibility and give themselves over to the group experience.
Social psychologist
a psychologist who studies how the thoughts, emotions, and behavior of individuals influence and are are influenced by interactions between people.
Alice rates herself as above average regarding her ability to do well in school. Her tendency to maintain these positive feelings is called
a self-enhancement motive.
Preexisting schema
a set of ideas or beliefs about others that leads a person to perceive others in a way that conforms with that person's expectations.
Norm of Reciprocity
a socialized norm that involes a person's tendency to desire to return favors.
John has such an intense fear of flying that he has turned down lucrative job offers that involved travelling to other cities and has been unable to join his family for vacations that required air travel . He is probably suffering from ______.
a specific phobia
The most frequently endorsed label for the type of therapy one practices as a psychologist, psychiatrist, or social worker is
eclectic.
People who are highly motivated and very able to understand a persuasive message are likely to be persuaded through the central route, while people who are not tend to be persuaded through the peripheral route. This is the main concept of the __________ model.
elaboration likelihood
The clearest advantages of self-esteem are in the
emotional sphere
Kathleen has little satisfaction from her accomplishments. She could improve her self-esteem by
emphasizing her strengths.
In order to build self-esteem,
examine whether your goals are realistic.
Mark is a firefighter. He will not have much trouble projecting an honest image about his courage using the impression management strategy of
exemplification
_____ refers to the tendency to use similar causal attributions for a wide variety of events in one's life.
explanatory style
An important distinction between wills and living wills is that a living will is especially designed to do which of the following?
express your wishes as to your medical care if you are unable to do so
Jared got a D on his psychology paper. He attributed this to his teacher being a hard grader and disliking him. What does this exemplify?
external attribution
Research into the memories of animals such as mice and rats suggests that they experience infantile amnesia. A psychoanalytic theorist might suggest that this is because these animals have repressed the memories of traumatic events, but the critical thinking principle of _________ suggests that this is rather implausible assertion
extraordinary claims
Homer makes it a habit to approach people with a positive, supportive outlook. Doing this indicates
he is improving his self-esteem.
People compare themselves to others in order to
improve their skills
When Madge meets new people, she often criticizes their ideas. Madge seems to be
in the circle of low self-esteem and rejection/ setting herself up for rejection/ likely to be oversensitive to rejection herself.
_____ involves putting personal goals ahead of group goals and defining one's identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group memberships.
individualism
Informational Social Influence
influence exerted by information that others give a person.
Normative Social Influence
influence that draws on a person's desire for others' approval and his or her longing to be part of a group.
jane used a frequent impression management strategy of doing small favors for others at work. She is using the strategy of
ingratiation.
In order to reduce the influence of cults, McGuire demonstrated that the best way is to first introduce reasons why the perspective might be correct and then debunk it in an approach known as the
inoculation effect.
Phyllis got an A on her psychology paper. She attributed this to her careful research and attention to following instructions. What does this exemplify?
internal attribution
Lily is concerned that her roommate Sachie is feeling overwhelmed by being a first-year student at an American university. Sachie often explains her academic difficulties and failures as being due to ________ factors.
internal, global, and stable
people with a pessimistic explanatory style tend to attribute problems to
internal, stable, and global factors
Margaret continued to practice her solo until she was able to perform without mistakes. Her self-efficacy for this activity is based on
interpretation of emotional arousal.
Linda presents a no-nonsense public self at work. She tells her employees they can always leave if they don't like her treatment. Many of her employees do not like her, but this impression management strategy works since jobs are difficult to find right in this field of work. Linda is using the strategy of
intimidation
Which of the following impression management strategies does NOT work by creating a favorable impression?
intimidation
compulsion
is a behavior
obsession
is a thought
Kristine wants to improve her running time. She is most likely to choose a reference group that
is limited to superior rumors, called upward social comparison
As an impression management strategy, supplication
is usually a last resort
Which of the following is NOT true of self-esteem?
it separates specific evaluations in many areas of life
The ________ is the claim that our attributions and behaviors are shaped by a belief that the world is fair and people always get what they deserve
just-world hypothesis
What is the purpose of a defense mechanism from the psychodynamic perspective?
keep unpleasant thoughts and motivations in our unconscious mind
The fact that many American citizens don't vote in the presidential election is often explained by the fact that individuals do not believe that their vote matters. They think that being just one vote in a nation of millions makes them unimportant. In a general way, this is an example of social __________.
loafing
All of the following constitute Frankl's Tragic Triad EXCEPT__________.
loss
In terms of the five-factor model of personality, an individual who is grouchy and difficult to get along with, and who is also stubborn and refuses to try new things, would be described as __________.
low on openness to experience and low on agreeableness
Part of the circle of low self-esteem and rejection is because
people with low self-esteem tend to approach others in negative, hurtful ways.
The process through which a person understands and categorizes the behavior of others is called social __________.
perception
There are two alternative pathways to persuading others. One leads us to respond to persuasive arguments on the basis of snap judgments. This is known as the
peripheral route
Barry's friend told him he shouldn't be afraid to ask Cheri for a date to the movies. Barry is developing self-efficacy for asking someone on a date due to
persuasion and encouragement.
Unlike many other psychological disorders, manic episodes may be triggered by
positive life events
The conception of who we might become in the future is called
possible selves
make people attentive to goal-related information and mindful of the need to practice goal-related skills
possible selves
According to the _________ model, cases of dissociative identity disorder arise from a history of severe abuse - physical, sexual, or both - during early childhood.
posttraumatic
Victims of sexual assault may experience strong stress reactions, intense anxiety, and flashbacks to their attacks from environmental cues that remind them of being attacked and helpless. If these become frequent, intense, and debilitating the person may be diagnosed as suffering from
posttraumatic stress disorder.
According to self-verification theory, people
prefer to receive feedback from others that is consistent with their own self-views
Serial killers Ted Bundy and Aileen Wuornos each are prototypical examples of a
psychopathic personality
Myra is presenting herself as polite and friendly. This is her
public self
Social pressure
real or imagined psychological forces that people exert over others through their example, judgments, and demands.
Albert Bandura's notion that people are affected by their environment but can also influence that environment is known as __________.
reciprocal determinism
Omar is walking through the shopping mall with three of his buddies, when all of the sudden they come across a curious scene. Four girls are verbally abusing a fifth girl, and it is clear that a physical altercation is about to occur. Omar stands quietly watching the scene, until two of his friends step in to try to break up the fracas. When they intervene, Omar steps in as well, providing greater assurance that a fight is not going to take place. In this case, Omar's group of friends served as a __________ group for Omar's behavior.
reference
people used as a gauge in making social comparisons are called
reference group
Social Cognition
refers to underlying processes, such as attention and memory, that make social behavior possible.
impression management
refers to usually conscious efforts by people to influence how others think of them.
women tend to be involved in
relational interdependence, while men tend to be involved in collective interdependence.
One symptom of schizophrenia is called a word _______, in which a person's verbalizations are so jumbled that they are virtually impossible to understand.
salad
Prejudice arises from a need to blame other groups for our present misfortunes, according to the
scapegoat hypothesis.
Fred was talking in a crowded hallway with a friend between classes. He suddenly noticed his name being said by someone in the hall. This is an example of
selective attention
_____ are inferences that people draw about the causes of their own behavior and experiences
self attribution
A multifaceted collection of beliefs about the self is called
self concept
Evaluating the self as a function of the self-concept is called
self esteem
_____ refers to one's overall assessment of one's worth as a person.
self esteem
_____ principles consist of cognitive processes, self-attributions, and explanatory style.
self perception
Robert was asking someone out on a date. He made sure to mention that he had a good job and gets along with people easily. Robert is using the impression management strategy of
self promotion
Beliefs about ourselves that shape social perception and are developed from past experiences are called
self schema
According to the humanists, a core motive in human personality development was
self-actualization.
One's belief about one's ability to perform behaviors that should lead to expected outcomes is called
self-efficacy.
According to research
self-esteem is strongly and consistently related to happiness
Bert claimed that the reason he didn't do well on the psychology test was because he had an important party the night before and didn't get around to studying. Bert is
self-handicapping.
After a failure or setback of some kind the _____ motive becomes active.
self-improvement
A concern for researchers interested in the topic of suicide prevention is that the number of suicides is
underestimated.
One biological explanation for the symptoms of schizophrenia is the appearance of enlarged _______, which are fluid-filled structures that cushion and protect the brain.
ventricles
When meeting strangers, most people
want to give them a good impression
According to Robinson, Johnson, and Shields, people were viewed as more genuine and likable who presented themselves
with a mix of self-deprecating and self-promoting comments.
tardive dyskinesia
within a few weeks Jasmine starts experiencing muscle contractions and 'tics' in her face, tongue, and jaw. This side effect, called __________, can be very serious and suggests that Jasmine's doctor has not yet found the correct medication for this particular individual.
_____ usually have more interdependent self-views than _____.
women;men
phenotype
The physical expression of a genetic code is called a(n) ______________.
Those who are dying sometimes show_______, or a difficulty in breathing
dyspnea
Adherence to medical treatment will be better if:
The physician follows up with the patient after the initial visit
Substance Abuse Disorders
Which of the following is the leading Psychological Disorder?
In Taylor's model, cognitive resources are limited so the mind
takes cognitive shortcuts
Which of the following is NOT a key dimension of attributional thinking according to Weiner's model?
task difficulty
The book suggests that criminal profiling can fall victim to
the P.T. Barnum effect.
Contraception is:
A joint responsibility of the couple
A young, beautiful woman is married to a much older, wealthier man. This is an example of:
Attractiveness and resource exchange
There is currently a transition from the traditional male role to the modern male role. A result of this has been:
A masculinity crisis in which men are experiencing less pride in being a man
Approval Motive
A person's desire to be accepted by his or her peers.
Accuracy Motive
A person's desire to be correct or accurate.
Chameleon Effect
A person's unconscious mimicry of other people's expressions, behaviors, and voice tones.
A student daydreams about her future as an architect, building environmentally friendly, inexpensive housing. She is developing:
A possible self
The Rorschach inkblot test is an example of:
A projective assessment
Therapy is typically:
A slow process and consists of hard work
The key attributes of the traditional male role include:
Autonomy and stoicism
A woman has difficulty trusting her partner. She feels uncomfortable when her children tell her that they love her. She is exhibiting a/an ________ style of attachment.
Avoidant
One of the key ways to enhance sexual relationships is to:
Communicate about sex
Alfred Adler said that people ________ to overcome feelings of inferiority.
Compensate
Foot-in-the-Door
An electronics store places an add for a computer for $400. When you get there, they are all out of that model, but they show you the newest model for only $750. You recognize the technique immediately as the _________ and you walk out of the store.
Which of the following is an example of the most effective way to deal with interpersonal conflict?
"I'm feeling hurt."
Which of the following statements is most likely to contribute to groupthink?
"I'm sure we all agree on this."
Which of the following correlation coefficients indicates the strongest relationship between two variables?
-1.00
Of the following groups, people who marry at the ages of ________ have higher divorce rates than people in the other groups.
14-19
obsessive compulsive
4 of 5 ____________ disorder is an anxiety disorder in which a person has irrational or disturbing thoughts that lead them to perform senseless rituals.
If you surveyed 100 trait theorists, you would expect to see many of them argue that personality is structured on ________ different dimensions
5
A typical course of electroconvulsive therapy is __________ treatments, given _____ times a week.
6 to 10; 3
Americans spend millions of dollars a year on self-help books, and at least ______ percent of therapists recommend them to their clients.
80
An attorney who strives to be the best in his practice; who is impatient and intolerant of his co-workers; and who yells at his secretary is likely:
A Type A personality
Panic
A __________ attack is marked by an intense feeling of terror, accompanied by physical symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, heart palpitations, and sweating.
panic
A __________ attack is marked by an intense feeling of terror, accompanied by physical symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, heart palpitations, and sweating.
Dissociative Identity Disorder is:
A controversial diagnosis
What is a personality trait?
A disposition to behave a certain way in a variety of situations
When you were growing up, your father worked as a high school basketball coach and your mother worked at a local canning plant. This is an example of:
A dual-earner household
The fact that height is about 80% attributed to heredity is an example of:
A heritability ratio
Door-in-the-Face
A student is turned down by his professor when he asked to turn in his work a week late. The student then changed the request to, "Can I turn it in tomorrow, 1 day late?" The professor agreed as she was not a psychology professor. Clearly, she is unaware the she just fell for the _____ technique.
Whether or not a coping mechanism is considered maladaptive or healthy is really:
A value judgment made by psychologists
Attribution
A(n) _________________ is a claim about the cause of a person's behavior.
Research indicates that wives do ________ of the total amount of housework in a marriage compared to their husbands.
About 65%
One of the most commonly reported sexual fantasies is:
About sex with someone other than one's partner
The style of managing conflict characterized by low concern for self and high concern for others is:
Accommodation
They are highly functioning and effective because they do not limit themselves to one set of gender rules.
According to lecture, which of the following statements has research found with regard to androgynous people?
Clarifying and paraphrasing what the speaker has said when having a conversation is an example of:
Active listening
One of the main differences between acute stressors and chronic stressors is:
Acute stressors are usually shorter in duration
Which neo-Freudian introduced the concept of the inferiority complex into discussions of psychological adjustment?
Adler
The loneliest age group is:
Adolescents and young adults
The five-factor model of personality includes which of the following characteristics?
Agreeableness and conscientiousness
The General Adaptation Syndrome consists of these three stages:
Alarm, resistance, exhaustion
Hypomania
Aliya has been suffering from changes in her mood recently. She goes from a "normal" mood state to a mildly elevated mood where she seems to be more creative and energetic. She is still able to function, but she has a history of being a very even and level person. She is experiencing bouts of:
The prevalence of depression is:
Almost twice as high in women as in men
Chronic environmental conditions that may not be urgent but that are negatively valued and place demands on people are referred to as:
Ambient stress
________ is a barrier to effective communication.
Ambushing
Has a sexual development that is intermediate or ambiguous
An intersexed individual is defined as a person who:
Dual Diagnosis
Anna has been diagnosed with an anxiety disorder, in this case obsessive-compulsive disorder, and a case of alcohol abuse. Which of the following terms best describes her clinical situation?
dual diagnosis
Anna has been diagnosed with an anxiety disorder, in this case obsessive-compulsive disorder, and a case of alcohol abuse. Which of the following terms best describes her clinical situation?
Sarah is of above-average height but weighs less than 100 lbs. When she looks in the mirror, she thinks she is too fat. This is an example of:
Anorexia nervosa
It takes about 4 to 6 weeks for the neurons to grow back to normal size
Antidepressants begin to affect the synapses in the brain within hours. Why is it that behavioral effects often take around 4 weeks to become apparent?
Sharon is experiencing delusions, hallucinations, and mental confusion. As a result, she may be prescribed ________ .
Antipsychotic drugs
teratogen
Any agent that can cause a birth defect is known as a ___________.
The three categories of constructive coping are:
Appraisal, problem, and emotion focused
Using humor as a stress reducer is a type of which of the following categories of constructive coping?
Appraisal-focused
One way to heighten your self-esteem and change experiences of rejection due to criticizing others is through:
Approaching others through a more positive outlook
Eating Disorders:
Are a largely Western problem
Children ages 3-11:
Are critical of peers who do not behave in gender appropriate ways
Children of divorce:
Are generally well adjusted in the long term
Most of our perceptions of national character:
Are inaccurate
Self-help books:
Are often dominated by psychobabble
The origins of what makes one person straight and another person gay:
Are unclear
Which of the following is true?
Attending lectures, even when the professors are disorganized, will help you do better in classes
One of the contributions of Humanistic theory is:
Its positive, optimistic look at human personality development
abnormal psychology
Britney is studying psychological disorders, including their symptoms, how they are diagnosed, and how they might be treated. Britney is most likely taking which of the following college classes
Abnormal Psychology
Britney is studying psychological disorders, including their symptoms, how they are diagnosed, and how they might be treated. Britney is most likely taking which of the following college classes?
Writing down a study schedule:
Can help improve study habits
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder:
Can occur after a natural disaster
The most well-known humanistic theorist was
Carl Rogers.
Smoking is linked to higher mortality rates, but quitting smoking:
Causes health risks to lower fairly quickly
The right and left halves of the cerebrum are the ________ :
Cerebral hemispheres
Developmental
Charmaine is interested in going to graduate school to gain expertise into the way in which people experience physical, cognitive, and social changes over the course of their lives. The type of program that Charmaine should be applying to is _____________ psychology.
One way of measuring the reliability of a test is to:
Check the results upon repeated administration of the test
The first step in systematic problem solving is:
Clarifying the problem
A woman develops a feeling of discomfort every time she passes her boss's office after numerous experiences receiving criticism from him in the office. This is an example of:
Classical conditioning
Two methods of reducing prejudice are:
Cognitive strategies and intergroup contact
The goal of ________ is to change clients' maladaptive beliefs and negative patterns of thinking.
Cognitive therapy
________________ therapy places somewhat greater weight on behavioral procedures than _______________therapy does.
Cognitive; psychoanalytic
The ________ is one of three common themes that underlie friendships.
Communal nature of friendship
The best way to avoid arguments about finances in a marriage is to:
Communicate about expenses and plan together
Cognitive Dissonance
Even as Leon is standing outside puffing away on an unfiltered cigarette, he is thinking to himself, "You know, this is really stupid. It's bad for me, and it makes me smell like an ashtray." Leon's discomfort - the divide between his attitude and his behavior - results in ______________.
Hypochondriasis
Excessive preoccupation with health concerns and incessant worry about developing physical illness is called
Hypochondriasis
Excessive preoccupation with health concerns and incessant worry about developing physical illness is called:
Pressure is defined as:
Expectations or demands that one behave a certain way
Achak is upset. He tells his roommate that if his psychology teacher knew how to teach, he would not have flunked his midterm. What locus of control is Achak demonstrating?
External
Research on inmates placed in solitary confinement suggests that they experience more psychological symptoms, especially mood and anxiety problems, than other inmates. However, this finding may be difficult to interpret because some inmates may be more emotionally maladjusted to begin with. Which of the six principles of scientific thinking does this research finding fit into?
Extraordinary claims
Research into the memories of those claiming to suffer from dissociative identity disorder (DID) has found that information presented to one "alter" is usually available to the other. This finding has shed doubt on the concept of amnesia across alternate personalities in cases of DID. This situation demonstrates which of the six principles mentioned in your chapter?
Falsifiability
Three factors of initial attraction are proximity, ________ , and physical attractiveness:
Familiarity
Peter is a pre-med major. His father is a surgeon and his grandfather was a rural family doctor. This is an example of ________ on career choice.
Family influence
One of the biggest themes underlying why partners stay with someone who batters them is:
Fear
________ is oral stimulation of the penis.
Fellatio
The stereotypes for ________ reflect a quality of expressiveness.
Females
During an interview, it is especially important:
For a woman to give a firm handshake
In therapy, a client lets her mind drift and states a number of thoughts and feelings without censoring what she is saying. This is an example of:
Free association
obsessions
Gerald has a constant thought that he has germs on his hands, and the longer he ruminates about this the more uncomfortable he gets. If he cannot get to a sink and wash with hot water and soap, he begins to feel that not only is he "dirty" but also that he is "contaminated." In this clinical example, the thoughts that invade Gerald's life are called _____________.
One way of increasing self-esteem is through:
Getting to know yourself better
The barrier that prevents women and minorities from advancing to higher levels in the workplace is called:
Glass ceiling
Divorce imposes ________ on women than on men.
Greater financial stress
Feeling insects crawling on your skin (when none are really there) or hearing voices (when no one is around or no one is talking to you) would be examples of what symptom of schizophrenia?
Hallucinations
Of the following, the type of drug that has little to no physical or psychological dependence risk is:
Hallucinogens
Self-esteem is consistently and strongly correlated to:
Happiness
In general, lesbians:
Have less frequent sex than other couples
If you have low confidence in social situations, have difficulty accepting praise, and worry about whether other people like you, you may:
Have low self-esteem
People in arranged marriages:
Have reported as much, if not more, satisfaction than those in marriages for love
Self-Serving
Have you ever failed an exam and blamed the teacher for writing an unfair exam? Maybe you got a better grade on the next test and congratulated yourself for your study skills, your intelligence, and your tremendous effort. This might be considered an example of the _____________ bias.
Chameleon
Have you ever walked into a room where a friend or family member was racked with hysterical laughter? The fact that you started first smiling, then giggling, and then laughing even though you had no idea what you were laughing about is called the __________________ effect.
Tommy is a seven year old boy with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Which of the following would be inconsistent with this diagnosis?
He enjoys playing with his older brother.
A college student's résumé should include the following:
Heading, education, experience
________ psychology is a new specialty area within the field of psychology that focuses on the causation, prevention, and treatment of illness
Health
Diana was raised by parents who were high in acceptance, but also high in control. Which of the following is likely to be true of Diana?
Her parents had an authoritative parenting style/She probably has high self-esteem/She may be from any ethnic group and still have high self-esteem.
Before a job interview, a man picks out clothing that covers his tattoos; removes his visible piercings; and cuts his hair shorter than usual. This is an example of:
Impression management
schemas
In Piaget's theory, the term ____________ refers to concepts or frameworks around which people organize and interpret information.
Low; High
In a clinically depressed individual, brain scans show a _________ level of activity in the Prefrontal Cortex and a _________ level of activity in the Amygdala.
Eating disorders emerge primarily:
In adolescence
The amount of money that one makes is related to well-being and happiness:
In an insignificant way
changes
In developmental psychology,cross-sectional research is exploring age ___________.
Both "The penis / clitoris would have been surgically removed" and "They would have raised it as a female (regardless of biological sex)"
In the 1950's, if a child was born with an ambiguous sex (they couldn't tell if the child had an underdeveloped penis or an overdeveloped clitoris), which of the following actions would have been taken?
A woman offers to give a neighbor's daughter a ride to school and ends agreeing to drive many of the neighborhood children to school on a daily basis. This is an example of:
Inability to say no
If you plan to put together a good exercise program, you should:
Increase activity in a gradual manner
The expression of aggression:
Increases feelings of anger and hostility
While standing in line at the grocery store, a woman behind you comments that the store is extremely crowded today. In doing so, she:
Indicated to you that she was open to small talk
A teenage girl makes fun of a new girl's appearance behind her back at school. This is an example of ________ aggression.
Indirect
You come down with a mild cough. You don't feel the need to see a doctor, but your roommate encourages you to seek treatment as soon as possible. This is due to:
Individual interpretations of symptoms and personality differences
Which of the following is a concern related to self-report measures of personality?
Individuals may answer according to social desirability, or how they think they should answer
The impression management strategy of behaving in ways to make oneself likable to others is:
Ingratiation
The three main categories of psychotherapy are:
Insight, behavioral, and biomedical
Which of the following is a common factor across the many forms of effective treatments?
Instilling hope
Men are more likely to use a(n) ________ style of communication, while women use a(n) ________ style of communication.
Instrumental; expressive
Stereotyped attributes for males that show an orientation toward action and accomplishment reflect the quality of ________ .
Instrumentality
The main dimensions along which self-attributions are made are:
Internal/external and stable/unstable
As a result of his depression, Stefano is frequently irritable with his roommates and other friends. They have recently begun avoiding Stefano. This is an example of ________ that contribute to depression.
Interpersonal factors
Sternberg's triangular theory of love consists of the following components:
Intimacy, passion and commitment
Many young adults may appear to be unconcerned with issues of death and dying due to perceptions of__________.
Invincibility
Love bonds may be similar to attachment, which:
Is a typical way of interacting in a close relationship
A commercial for a dandruff shampoo makes the viewer uncomfortable and anxious about the possibility that he or she might have dandruff. This type of fear arousal:
Is typically effective
Which of the following is true of the classic Robber's Cave study by Sherif and Sherif (1967)?
It demonstrated that when the in-group and out-group mentality develops, prejudice and hostility are likely to follow and by limiting resources, thereby forcing the groups to work together, the hostility ended and friendships eventually formed.
Which of the following statements is true about the DSM-5?
It describes symptoms and includes information regarding the prevalence of specific disorders.
The DSM-5 is a valuable resource, but it is not without its limitations. Critics of this manual have suggested which of the following as a problem with the DSM?
It is vulnerable to political influences, and thus the disorders may not reflect true psychopathology but rather the "favorite" illnesses of a particular time and place.
One of the risks of hormone-based contraceptives such as the birth control pill is:
Its inability to prevent STDs
hallucination
Keith often hears voices that tell him that he is a very bad person. Although he strains and struggles to "hear" where these voices are coming from, there are in fact no voices to hear. They are originating inside of his mind, and he experiences them as a sensory event. Keith is having a symptom of schizophrenia called
hallucination
Keith often hears voices that tell him that he is a very bad person. Although he strains and struggles to "hear" where these voices are coming from, there are in fact no voices to hear. They are originating inside of his mind, and he experiences them as a sensory event. Keith is having a symptom of schizophrenia called _____________.
Religious-based abstinence-only and chastity programs are:
Largely ineffective and are related to more guilt
The training and work of clinical psychologists and counseling psychologists:
Largely overlap
Seasonal Affective Disorder
Laura tends to have symptoms of sleepiness, depressed moods, and an increased appetite during the winter months each year. Laura is likely to be suffering from which condition?
Self-efficacy is:
Learned and can be changed
The passive behavior developed in response to unavoidable stressors is sometimes called:
Learned helplessness
During intercourse, women are ________ to experience orgasm.
Less likely than men
According to Baumeister, which of the following does NOT describe people who are narcissistic?
Less likely to be a delinquent or criminal than those with low self-esteem
According to Eysenck, who would have the LEAST active reticular activating system (RAS)?
Lily, who likes to talk
The following is an example of the scarcity principle:
Limited time only!
________ occurs when a person has fewer interpersonal relationships than desired or when these relationships are not as satisfying as desired.
Loneliness
Exercise is correlated with greater:
Longevity
Which of the following are the most highly correlated to happiness?
Love, work, and personality
Bryan is going to school after he graduates from college because he wants to be a clinical psychologist someday. Which of the following degrees would he be the least likely to pursue?
M.D.
The __________ is the most extensively researched of all structured personality tests
MMPI
The refractory period is a time in which:
Males are largely unresponsive to further stimulation
Which theory of personality is most concerned with understanding people's unconscious motivations?
Psychoanalytic
Which of the following statement is true?
Masculinity and femininity are generally seen as being on a continuum
disorganized
Mathilda has been suffering from the symptoms of schizophrenia for some time. She tends to have gross impairment of her ability to communicate with others and demonstrates inappropriate emotions on a frequent basis. Her schizophrenia is probably best categorized as the __________ subtype
disorganized
Mathilda has been suffering from the symptoms of schizophrenia for some time. She tends to have gross impairment of her ability to communicate with others and demonstrates inappropriate emotions on a frequent basis. Her schizophrenia is probably best categorized as the __________ subtype.
gender
Maurice was born win an XY chromosome type, and he has the external genitalia of a male. He has always felt like he was supposed to be a woman. He has always identified more with feminine clothes, behaviors, and emotions. According to lecture 7, Maurice has a female _____________.
Help-seeking behaviors:
May differ according to cultural beliefs
People on online dating sites:
May engage in deception due to the anonymity the internet provides
Social support networks:
May have drawbacks as well as benefits
Emotional disclosure:
May occur through talking or writing
Historically, psychological disorders were viewed with suspicion, but within the last hundred years or so, a new way of considering disorders has emerged. This is called the ________ .
Medical Model
Brittany started her period when she was 13. This is known as her ________ .
Menarche
One study looks at a group of about 80 studies related to anxiety. This is called a ________ .
Meta-analysis
The age group that seems to be most affected by unemployment or displacement, often suffering psychological distress and sometimes suicide, is:
Middle age
Miranda is in treatment for alcoholism, and her doctor has prescribed Antabuse, which will make her vomit after drinking alcohol. Why might this not be an effective treatment for Miranda?
Miranda will simply not take the Antabuse.
An employer hires a female worker but makes sexist jokes about her behind her back with male co-workers. This is an example of:
Modern discrimination
severe depression
Modern electroconvulsive therapy is used to treat
Which of the following is NOT a guideline for building self-esteem?
Modify positive self-talk.
Lesbians and gay men are ________ to maintain contact with romantic partners after a relationship has ended.
More likely
According to Aaron Beck's cognitive model of depression, people with this condition focus on the negative cognitive triad which sustains the depression. This triad includes all but WHICH of the following?
Negative views of one's past
The parenting style that is marked by low control and low acceptance is:
Neglectful
Chemicals that carry signals from one neuron to another are called ________ .
Neurotransmitters
A stimulus that interferes with accurately expressing or understanding a message is called:
Noise
Some of the things we rely on to form first impressions of other people include:
Non-verbal messages, actions, and situations
Masturbation is now considered ________ by sexologists:
Normal and healthy
One hint specifically for women to remember when speaking to men is to:
Not be overly apologetic
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is:
Not uncommon
A teacher tells students to line up in the hallway quietly and the children do so quickly. This is an example of:
Obedience
Someone who refuses to shake hands with other people and sets a timer on his watch to use hand sanitizer on his hands every 10 minutes likely suffers from:
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
You are attending a conference on eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and are listening to claims of how effective this technique is. The presenter states that the clients' lateral eye movements, made while they imagine a past traumatic event, enhance their processing of painful memories. However, you believe that it may not be the eye movements, but rather the exposure the technique provides. This is an example of which of the six principles of scientific thinking?
Occam's Razor
Nonverbal communication:
Often contradicts the verbal message
Reference
Omar is walking through the shopping mall with 3 of his buddies, when all of the sudden they come across a curious scene. Four girls are verbally abusing a fifth girl, and it is clear that a physical altercation is about to occur. Omar stands quietly watching the scene, until two of his friends step in to try to break up the fight. When they intervene, Omar steps in as well, providing greater assurance that a fight is not going to take place. In this case, Omar's group of friends served as a _____________ group for Omar's behavior.
Tardive Dyskinesia
One of the long-term side effects of antipsychotic drugs is
How does optimism affect one's tolerance for stress?
Optimists are more likely to cope with stress in healthy ways
A woman is suddenly struck by the overwhelming anxiety that she is having a heart attack. She goes to the emergency room but they find nothing wrong. It is possible that she is suffering from:
Panic Disorder
A young man believes that there are a number of people in his community who are out to get him. He believes that the people who work at his local coffee shop, people at his workplace, and a homeless person on the street have been planted there to watch him. This young man is suffering from Schizophrenic Disorder, ________ subtype.
Paranoid
You approach your roommate and tell her you wish she would put dirty dishes in the sink, because you can't find them when you need to cook. Your roommate says okay, but then continues to leave dishes in her room. This is a form of:
Passive aggression
Scaffolding
Patton is five years old and wants to learn to ride a bike. At first his mother has a strong grip on both the handle bars and the seat to help stabilize him. Eventually, she lets go of the bike all together. This gradual decrease of help given to a child is known as ___________.
The Milgram experiments showed that:
People are willing to follow authority figures even when faced with an unpleasant task
Which of the following statements is true?
People have the potential to be successful at a variety of jobs
identity
People with gender _________ disorder feel that they were born into the body of the wrong sex and have a strong identification with the opposite gender.
When you walk in to a party where you don't know anyone and look around to assess the type of people who are there, you are engaging in:
Person perception
The self-serving bias is the tendency to attribute one's successes to ________ and one's failures to ________ :
Personal factors; situational factors
Which of the following is NOT included in the circle of low self-esteem and rejection?
Personal shortcomings
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs:
Physiological needs must be met before other needs can be met
The sexual response phase characterized by a slower building of arousal is the:
Plateau phase
Deception, or lying, is:
Possibly detectable but very subtle and difficult to spot
Most gay people:
Prefer stable, long term relationships
After intercourse, a woman washes her genitals and urinates. These are two factors that contribute to:
Preventing STDs
One of the drawbacks of communicating through social media networking is:
Privacy concerns
antidepressant medication
SSRIs, MAOIs, Tricyclics
PTSD
Sam has recently returned from a tour of duty overseas. While he was stationed abroad, he saw a fair share of combat, including the death of three of his fellow platoon-mates. Sam has been having several symptoms since he returned, including sleeplessness, irritability, flashbacks, and a loss of interest in being around his friends and family. Which of the following diagnoses would be most appropriate for Sam's condition
Post-traumatic stress disorder
Sam has recently returned from a tour of duty overseas. While he was stationed abroad, he saw a fair share of combat, including the death of three of his fellow platoon-mates. Sam has been having several symptoms since he returned, including sleeplessness, irritability, flashbacks, and a loss of interest in being around his friends and family. Which of the following diagnoses would be most appropriate for Sam's condition?
Which of the following statements is true?
Selection of a male or female therapist should be based on clients' preferences
When highlighting text, the key is to:
Selectively choose the most important points
What is the term for people's desire for truthful information about themselves?
Self-assessment motive
_____ are seemingly intentional actions that thwart a person's self-interest.
Self-defeating behaviors
You are having a conversation with a friend and he states that his parents divorced when he was 7 years old. This is an example of:
Self-disclosure
An important component of self-regulating behavior is ________ , or the belief about one's ability to perform certain behaviors.
Self-efficacy
_____ is the process of directing and controlling one's behavior.
Self-regulation
Beliefs about the self are called self-concept or ________ .
Self-schemas
What is the term for striving for consistent self-image that matches either positive or negative self-beliefs?
Self-verification motive
The tendency of people to prefer feedback about themselves that is consistent with their currently held self-schemas is called:
Self-verification theory
Which of the following is considered a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)?
Sertraline
Which of the following was an important legacy of Kubler-Ross' work on dying?
She helped to expose the taboo about discussing death and dying
If you take an occupational interest inventory, you:
Should consider the information and make a decision for yourself
As a result of a legal proceeding that took place in England in1843, a test was developed that held two criteria for a person to be judged legally insane. Which of the following was one of those criteria?
The accused person did not know that what they were doing was wrong.
cognitive
The basic premise behind the __________ approach is that thought processes contribute to our understanding of reality, and thus treatment would focus on identifying the revising those thought processes.
The tendency of people to be less likely to provide help when no one else is around is called:
The bystander effect
In conducting experimental research, it is important for:
The control group and the experimental group to be similar
Cephalocaudal
The fact that children tend to develop their motor skills from "top to bottom" is a demonstration of the _____________ rule.
A young man has read his ADJUST textbook and decides to try one of the hints suggested for better communication with women. He asks a woman a question about herself and listens carefully when she responds. This is an example of:
The give and take of conversation
According to Freud, the primitive component of personality that operates on the pleasure principle is:
The id
agoraphobia
The intense fear of having a panic attack in a public setting or situation may lead to fear of crowds, unfamiliar places, or situations from where escape may be difficult. This condition, which often accompanies panic disorder, is called
agoraphobia
The intense fear of having a panic attack in a public setting or situation may lead to fear of crowds, unfamiliar places, or situations from where escape may be difficult. This condition, which often accompanies panic disorder, is called _____________.
A salesperson offers a stereo system at a discount. Later, you find out that there are numerous hidden costs such as installation, warranty, and maintenance. This technique is called:
The lowball technique
A woman feels pressure from her parents to get married to her boyfriend. This is an example of:
The marriage mandate
Two of the four main elements of the persuasive process are:
The message and the channel
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Toby has been told over and over again that he is not good at math. His parents told him that neither of them was good at it, so surely he will not do well either. He continues to get very bad marks in math throughout his elementary education. Which of the following terms suggests that his belief of being bad at math eventually made it come true?
________ self-esteem is an ongoing sense of confidence while ________ self-esteem is changeable and refers to how one feels about oneself in the moment.
Trait; state
__________ are considered to be lasting, while __________ are more transient, or temporary.
Traits; states
In schools, teachers:
Treat boys and girls differently
One way to conquer loneliness is to:
Try to make yourself be around more people
Carl Rogers believed that the following is an important component of self-actualization:
Unconditional parental love
Your older sister went to a competitive liberal arts school and graduated with a double major in English and history. She was unable to find a position after graduation and took a job at a local grocery store. This is an example of:
Underemployment
People have a tendency to ________ the risks associated with their own health-impairing habits and ________ the risks associated with others' behaviors.
Underestimate / view realistically
In writing a résumé, it is important to:
Use action verbs and incomplete sentences
Which of the following is an example of utilizing memory principles?
Using flash cards to assist with learning vocabulary
The belief that they were the only person who could hear and help that victim.
Using your knowledge of the Bystander Effect, if a person observed an individual having an epileptic seizure, what would make that individual most likely to step in and assist the seizing individual?
What has research found about the nearly universal human desire to be accepted and well-liked by others?
Wanting to be well-liked by others helps us survive by boosting health and reducing vulnerability to illness.
Dispositional
Wendy is walking down the street when she suddenly falls down and lands squarely on her backside. A group of girls standing about 50 feet away start laughing hysterically, telling each other what a klutz that Wendy is. The unsympathetic girls in this group are making a(n) __________ attribution to explain why Wendy fell down.
The proximodistal rule
What developmental principle describes this pattern of increasing coordination from the center to the outside of the body?
The inverted-U hypothesis indicates that people perform best:
When arousal levels are at the optimal level
Dispositional
When half of his class earned Ds and Fs on the midterm exam, Professor Bush came back to the next class and delivered a stern lecture about their effort. He accused them of failing to meet their obligations, for being lazy, and for not taking their studies seriously. These were _____ attributions.
When is it possible for self-esteem to be too high?
When narcissism leads to violence
Situational
When their friend Vincent fell, his friends Neil and Michaela ran over to him, helped him pick up his books, and commented, "I didn't know that the floor was so slippery in this part of the hall!" Neil and Michaela have made a _______________ attribution to explain why Vincent fell
Situational
When their friend Vincent fell, his friends Neil and Michaela ran over to him, helped him pick up his books, and commented, I didnt know that the floor was so slippery in this part of the hall! Neil and Michaela have made a _______________ attribution to explain why Vincent fell over.
Antipsychotics
Which of the following biomedical therapies might a person take if they were having symptoms such as hyperactivity, hallucinations and delusions?
Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome
Which of the following can cause a genetic male to develop female external genitalia?
Nola, who has an insecure-resistant attachment to her father
Which of the following children is most likely to have a temper tantrum when her father leaves the room based on your knowledge of attachment styles?
Behavioral Rehearsal
Which of the following is a component of Social Skills Training that involves the client practicing social techniques in structured role-playing exercises?
modeling
Which of the following is a component of Social Skills Training that involves the client watching socially skilled friends interacting in a social environment?
Paranoid
Which of the following is a type of schizophrenia marked by hallucinations and often accompanied by delusions of persecution (like the belief that people are out to get you)?
paranoid
Which of the following is a type of schizophrenia marked by hallucinations and often accompanied by delusions of persecution (like the belief that people are out to get you)?
The promise of an increased reward or incentive for increased obedience
Which of the following is not one of the conditions that influenced obedience in the Stanley Milgram experiment?
The promise of an increased reward or incentive for increased obedience.
Which of the following is not one of the conditions that influenced obedience in the Stanley Milgram experiment?
Fundamental Attribution Error
While driving down a busy highway, Bella is suddenly cut off by another driver. Very frustrated by this, Bella yells out Youre such a jerk! Bellas use of a dispositional attribution when she really has no idea why the other driver is behaving this way is an example of the _______________.
What is the "paradox of progress?"
While we have made technological advances, the quality of our lives has decreased
The group that utilizes therapy the most is:
White women
wide range of side effects
Why are Tricyclics often not prescribed first when treating Depression?
A student waits until the night before a paper is due to begin work on it. As a result, she:
Will probably experience more stress than if she had started earlier
Two of the four most common responses to communication apprehension are:
Withdrawal and disruption
ou approach your roommate, frustrated with the mess that he left in your apartment. He changes the subject and laughs it off. This is an example of which style of managing conflict?
Withdrawing
The group that may be most vulnerable to shifting gender roles and expectations for the husband and wife in a marriage is:
Women
Your sister is married and has three children. She and her husband both work full time. She is enrolled in a night course in nursing. She and her husband rarely have time to spend together and fight over who will do chores and who will watch the kids when. This is an example of:
Work-family conflict
The following is an example of the statement "when it comes to happiness, everything is relative."
You are excited to buy a new boat, but feel dissatisfied when you see the newer, bigger boat owned by your roommate's family
Mania
__________ is a period of euphoria characterized by elevated self-esteem, increased talkativeness, enhanced energy, and a decreased need for sleep.
Obsessive-compulsive
____________ disorder is an anxiety disorder in which a person has irrational or disturbing thoughts that lead them to perform senseless rituals.
Compliance
______________ is a change in a person's behavior that occurs in response to a direct request.
compliance
______________ is a change in a person's behavior that occurs in response to a direct request.
Self Fullfilling Prophecy
a belief that causes itself to become true.
Prosopagnosia
a condition caused by damage to the ventral region of the temporal lobe in which a person is unable to recognize faces.
Antidepressants
a type of medication that works to alleviate the symptoms of mood disorders by altering how certain neurotransmitters are circulated throughout the brain.
Psychoanalysis
a type of psychotherapy that relates closely to Freudian concepts like the influence of the unconscious. It requires patients to talk to a psychiatrist about their lives while the psychiatrist listens, analyzes, and interprets each word
Your textbook points out that the greatest enhancement to self-esteem is probably
acceptance and genuine affection from others.
Worden's (1991) task model suggests that mourning takes which of the following orders?
accepting physical reality of loss; accepting emotional reality of loss; find ways to adjust; forge new bonds
Stan has been seeing a therapist for depression. According to Petit and Joiner, his persistent self-view predicted by self-verification process may
account for treatment setbacks or ongoing dejection.
Fusiform face area
an area of the visual cortex that specifically responds to and recognizes faces.
Dispositional Attribution
an attribution based on a person's personality or characteristics.
Situational Attribution
an attribution based on a person's situation or environment.
Self-efficacy is related to
an individual's commitment to goals.
Donna was late to work because of flooding on the main road to her job. She will probably attribute this to
an unstable external cause
According to Freud, defense mechanisms are unconscious attempts to minimize feelings of
anxiety
People who see themselves as being similar across different social roles
are better adjusted than those with less integration of self-views.
A(n) __________ is a claim about the cause of a person's behavior
attribution
Which of the following parenting styles is most related to the highest self-esteem scores for the children?
authoritative
Lance is drinking coffee and checking his email. He is conserving his cognitive attention to be prepared for his quiz this morning. This is an example of
automatic processing
In class, a psychology professor states that learned helplessness causes persons to make attributions that are internally focused, global in nature, and stable. A student who demonstrates critical thinking would raise his or her hand and remind the professor that
correlation does not equal causation.
Faced with a diagnosis of terminal cancer, Bertha starts to say statements such as "If only this cancer goes away, I promise to be a better person!" As such, Bertha is probably in the ______ stage from Kubler-Ross' model of dying.
bargaining
The tendency to enhance one's image by publicly announcing one's association with those who are successful is called
basking in reflected glory.
Social influence
behavioral control
In _________________, the client engages in role-playing with a therapist to learn and practice new skills.
behavioral rehearsal
The diagnostic criteria in the DSM-5 are based on a(n) ________ approach.
biopsychosocial
Otto Kernberg suggested that _________ develops as a result of intense anger and frustration that comes from living with a cold, unempathetic mother. Despite the influence that this model has had, it has not been supported by adequate research.
borderline personality disorder
Research indicates that self-regulation
can be strengthened so people become less vulnerable to ego depletion.
The __________ effect refers to a person's unconscious mimicry of other people's expressions, behaviors, and voice tones.
chameleon
When she is not at the bar, Jayla preaches to everyone about the dangers of smoking. However, she does smoke an occasional cigarette when she is at the bar with her friends, although at those times she feels somewhat frustrated by her own smoking behavior. Jayla is likely experiencing ________ when she smokes
cognitive dissonance
Tamika met Samantha, who was new to the school. Tamika began to develop a friendship with Samantha and soon they became good friends. Then Tamika learned that Samantha had been a troublemaker at her old school. Tamika liked Samantha but now saw her as a troublemaker. Tamika finally resolved these conflicting emotions by deciding that Samantha should be admired for turning over a new leaf at her new school. This is can be explained by
cognitive dissonance theory.
Bridget has grown up in a culture that puts group goals ahead of personal goals and defining one's identity in terms of the groups one belongs to. She is most likely from a culture that fosters
collectivism
John says, "My friends think I am smart." John is most likely from which culture?
collectivism
Almost all research on self-presentation has been
conducted on first meetings between strangers
The tendency of people to alter their behavior as a result of group pressure is called
conformity.
Research finds that increases in loneliness are tied to heightened rates of depression in both teenagers and adults, but this does not suggest that the depression is a direct result of loneliness. This is an important consideration for the critical thinking concept of
correlation versus causation.
According to Maslow, a self-actualized person is someone who is
creative and spontaneous.
In extreme forms, groupthink can lead to __________.
cults
Shreen is diagnosed with schizophrenia. She believes that she is a powerful person who can save the world. Shreen is experiencing __________.
delusions of grandeur
Self-regulation seems to develop
develop early and remain stable.
The core concepts of humanistic therapy, such as meaning and self-actualization, are
difficult to measure and falsify
At a crowded park, Kayla sees an old man clutching his heart and stumbling. If Kayla assumes that someone else will help the old man, she is experiencing the phenomenon known as
diffusion of responsibility.
Aleta is looking at a stack of applications for the open position she has at her bakery. She called all of the applicants acting as if she was asking an important question about their application. Really, however, she wanted to know who had an accent so she could put those applications in the "no" pile. Aleta just engaged in
discrimination.
The typically negative behaviors an individual displays toward others based on membership to a particular group is referred to as ________; the typically negative attitudes an individual has toward others based on membership to a particular group is referred to as ________.
discrimination; prejudice
Shyteria is a toll-booth operator. At least once every hour she typically has an encounter with a motorist who berates and belittles her because they are upset about traffic, they don't have enough change, or they are just unhappy that day. As a result, when she gets home Shyteria often yells at her roommates and slams cabinet doors closed when she can't find what she wants. She is displaying classic symptoms of
displacement
The best way to avoid groupthink is to encourage ______________ within an organization
dissent
Social psychologist Leon Festinger coined the term cognitive __________ to refer to a disconnect between a person's internal attitudes and his or her external behavior.
dissonance
According to Baumeister, individuals with low self-esteem
don't know themselves well enough to strongly endorse personal attributes on self esteem tests
The ________ technique involves asking for an unreasonably large request before asking for the small request you are hoping to have granted
door-in-the-face
Raymond Cattell, attempting to transform the first published list of personality descriptors, used a statistical technique called __________, which identifies correlations and common clusters in a larger group. These clusters were used to define Cattell's theory of sixteen personality traits.
factor analysis
The practice of physiognomy, as well as that of phrenology, have been summarily discredited by modern scientific research. As it turns out, the bumps on a person's head and one's facial characteristics give virtually no information about their personality characteristics. This is an important reminder of the importance of the critical thinking principle of
falsifiability.
Grief is to mourning as_________.
feeling is to behavior
An expected loss generally features a sense of________.
forewarning
According to Albert Ellis, our vulnerability to psychological disturbance is a product of the __________ of our irrational beliefs.
frequency and strength
Evelyn is in a particularly bad mood because the promotion that she'd hoped to receive at the bank where she works did not come through. When she gets home, and her children come running up to her with several demands, she yells at them to go in the other room and leave her alone. Evelyn's outburst is explained by the __________ hypothesis.
frustration-aggression
While sitting in the theater watching the latest Iron-Man movie, Michael hears a person behind him talking on his cell phone. "What an inconsiderate jerk that person is," Michael thinks to himself. He does not consider that the telephone call may have been some very serious emergency that required immediate attention. Michael has fallen prey to the ________ error.
fundamental attribution
Leo worries all of the time. He worries about his money, his children, and his dog. His muscles are always tense and sore, he has trouble sleeping, and is constantly physically tense. Leo's symptoms sound most like ______.
generalized anxiety disorder
Group brainstorming is less effective than individual brainstorming because
group members may be anxious about being evaluated by others and because of social loafing.
Research into the mere exposure phenomenon finds that simple exposure between two groups of people is not enough to reduce prejudice, but rather __________.
groups working together in a cooperative manner helps reduce prejudice
Daniel constantly criticizes others. It is likely that he
has low self-esteem.
Which of the following factors is not related to an increased tendency to cooperate with others?
having no concern about damage to your own reputation
Which of the following events may make finding meaning to be especially difficult?
he death of one's child, particularly unjust experiences, if one's life has been disappointing
Answering "yes" to questions such as "I worry that others don't like me" and "I have difficulty accepting praise or flattery" is an indication of
low self-esteem.
Cognitive-behavioral therapists would argue that anxiety and mood disorders are largely the result of
maladaptive cognitions.
aversion
medication that will make her nauseous every time she drinks. This approach, where a negative or unpleasant result is paired with an undesirable behavior, is called ___________ therapy
controlled processing/ promotes cognitive flexibility/can lead to self-acceptance and well-being
mindfulness
Compared to people with high self-esteem, the self-views of people with low self-esteem are
more confused and tentative
Compared to high self-esteem people, individuals with low self-esteem are
more likely to distrust their partners' expressions of love and support
__________refers to our eventual decline to death.
mortality
The experimental procedure used to make individuals aware of their own death is called
mortality salience
A concern with the many 12-step approaches that are based on the as Alcoholics Anonymous model in dealing with various problems with living is that
no research evidence exists for the effectiveness of these approaches.
The __________ approach to studying personality is a method of interpreting personality data that is variable-centered and focuses on finding consistent patterns of relationships among individuals' traits.
nomothetic
individuals beliefs about themselves are
not easily changed
When considering negative self-talk, the idea that you are worthless after a breakup is
not logical.
The example of the actions of Lieutenant William Calley at My Lai in the Vietnam War was used by the textbook to demonstrate the dangers of which social psychological concept?
obedience
With regards to coping, people with low self-esteem
often have negative expectations about their performance
When feedback about the self conflicts with a person's central self-conceptions, the person most likely will
often selectively forget it
Jason has developed his concept of possible self, using
past experiences, current behavior, future expectations
A _______ provides counseling, support in spiritual context, wellness programs, as well as group, family, and couples therapy.
pastoral counselor
Which of the following is NOT true of people's observations of their own behavior?
people are usually realistic and objective
Annabelle was driving along when the car in front of her stopped suddenly. She stomped on the brake and avoided a collision by just a few inches. "Wow, it's a good thing I'm such a good driver," Annabelle thought. Sometime later, Annabelle was in an accident where she rear-ended a different vehicle. She told the officer, "Well, you see, it was dark and the road was wet. It was not possible for me to stop in time!" Annabelle's different responses to her successful or failed attempt to avoid an accident demonstrates the __________.
self-serving bias
The tendency to attribute one's successes to personal factors and one's failures to situational factors is called
self-serving bias.
Tony enjoys 'extreme' skateboarding. He likes to ride in places where he knows it is forbidden, he enjoys doing bigger and bigger tricks, and the risk of getting hurt or even killed only compounds his enjoyment of his sport. He is constantly looking for new ways to push the envelope of skateboarding. Tony would probably be considered to be a(n)
sensation seeker.
Valerie often blames herself when she fails, and attributes her success to good luck. For Valerie to improve her self-esteem, Albert Ellis would tell her to
set her own goals.
Mischel would most likely explain an individual's behavior by focusing on
situational factors.
Zimbardo maintained that the Abu Ghraib fiasco was a product of _________________.
situational forces
A __________ attribution looks at __________ factors, while a __________ attribution looks at __________ factors.
situational; external; dispositional; internal
People who have ______ are afraid of being evaluated in some negative way by others, so they tend to avoid situations that can be embarrassing.
social anxiety disorder
_____ proposes that individuals compare themselves with others in order to assess their abilities and opinions.
social comparison theory
When an individual, who is part of a larger group, chooses to put forth less effort than other group members, ________ occurs
social loafing
Alan's job was recently cut back at work. Alan is feeing a lower sense of self-worth. This relates to his
state self esteem
According to Asch and others, all of the following are social factors that influence conformity EXCEPT
status of the group
Which of the following is NOT characteristic of self-schemas?
strengths but not weaknesses
One sign of abnormality is when a person engages in behavior that creates a great deal of emotional discomfort or __________.
subjective distress
The work of Solomon Asch showed how __________, or susceptibility to the opinions of others, can cause people to conform.
suggestibility
a student who begs an instruct for a better grade is using the impression management strategy of
supplication
Maria resisted the temptation of eating the leftover Halloween candy. However, when the Holiday cookies showed up at work, she found herself unable to resist eating them. Maria's behavior can be explained by
the ego depletion model of self-regulation.
Jason wanted to know how he did on his psychology test. his reference group is most likely
the entire class
Substance Abuse Disorders
the leading Psychological Disorder
The idea that a person may be determined to be sane or insane is an issue that is most relevant to
the legal system
Minority Influence
the power of few people.
A behavioral therapist is most likely to focus on
the present and specific behaviors.
Social perception
the process through which a person understands and categorized the behavior of others.
Which of the following is not one of the conditions that influenced obedience in the Stanley Milgram experiment?
the promise of an increased reward or incentive for increased obedience
Attractiveness Bias
the tendency for a person to rate, physically attractive people as more intelligent competent, sociable, and sensitive than their less attractive counterparts.
Cognitive Therapy
therapy that emphasizes recognizing and changing negative thoughts and maladaptive beliefs?
The first thing to do in order to build your self-esteem is
to recognize that you control your self-image.
_____ refers to the ongoing sense of confidence people possess regarding their abilities and characteristics.
trait self esteem
_____ self-esteem is relatively stable and _____ self-esteem is based on the moment.
trait; state
Electroconvulsive Therapy
treatment involves inducing a cortical seizure which is accompanied by convulsions
Empirically supported treatments refer to
treatments that are effective for specific disorders that are supported by high-quality scientific evidence
most people
try to project an honest image
Palliative care truly is about which of the following?
trying to minimize patients' pain
Miranda is a psychoanalytic theorist who uses this perspective to guide her therapeutic treatment of psychological disorders. As a result, she is most likely to improve her understanding of their
unconscious motivations
A person's responses to a projective test are thought to reflect ____________.
unconscious thoughts and feelings