Psych Ch 5

Jonah, a 25-year-old, has decided to ask his doctor about whether his rate of sperm cell production is within normal range. His doctor will likely tell him that the average rate of production for a man his age is about __________ sperm per second.

1,000

The first menstrual period in girls occurs usually within a year of age ____, and it is known as _____________.

12.5; menarche

In the womb, the developing brain of the fetus forms around _____ nerve cells per minute.

25 million

During intercourse, human males release __________ million or more sperm.

250

The average age of earliest conscious memory is _______ year(s).

3-1/2

From age ______to age______, the brain's neural network is sprouting most rapidly in the _______ lobes.

3; 6; frontal

Up to age 95, the incidence of mental disintegration doubles every ___ years.

5

According to a survey, ________ percent of people over the age of 60 expressed satisfaction with the amount of sex they were having.

75

Beginning at around ___ months, many children greet strangers by crying and reaching for their familiar caregivers.

8

Ellen began forgetting where she put her purse, how to balance a checkbook, and where she left the car in the parking lot. She is experiencing the signs and symptoms of:

Alzheimer's disease.

All of the following psychologists are considered stage theorists EXCEPT:

B. F. Skinner.

_____ psychologists investigate the influence of multiple factors on how people change physically, mentally, and socially at every stage of life.

Developmental

Denise has just given birth to a 6-pound baby girl. Her infant's head is small and slightly disproportioned. Denise did drink alcohol while she was pregnant, although it is not clear how much or how often she drank. It is possible that the infant has:

Fetal alcohol syndrome.

_____________ lobe development during adolescence also includes the growth of myelin, the fatty tissue around axons that speeds neurotransmission.

Frontal

Jake, a 3-month-old baby, is staring intently at the new person who just came in the room. Why is he staring so intently?

He has an inborn preference for the new stimulus.

What characterizes the relationships between adolescents and their parents?

Parents remain influential throughout their children's adolescence.

_____________ contributed significantly to our understanding of children's cognitive development.

Piaget

_____ consists of all our thoughts and feelings about ourselves in answer to the question, "Who am I?"

Self-concept

_____ is the "we" aspect of our self-concept that comes from our group memberships.

Social identity

Which of the following statements correctly summarizes the psychological research on peer relationships during adolescence?

Teens have tended to see their parents as having influence in the shaping of their religious faith and in thinking about college and career choices as well as political values.

Which of the following statements BEST represents contemporary thinking on the nature-nurture issue?

The relationship between genetics and environment is interactive; each influences the other.

_______________ refers to people's ideas about their own and others' mental states; that is, how feelings, perceptions, or thoughts might predict behavior.

Theory of mind

Which of the following activities illustrates egocentrism?

While talking on the phone, a little boy holds up four fingers in response to being asked how old he is by the person on the other end of the phone line.

Anatoli and Andrei are 11-month-old identical twins. Anatoli took his first steps yesterday. How soon will Andrei take his first steps?

Within a day. Identical twins generally begin walking on nearly the same day.

An infant is most likely to be at risk for lower intelligence if her mother is:

a heavy drinker or an alcoholic.

In follow-up studies with children who demonstrated delayed gratification during preschool years, researchers found all of the following EXCEPT:

a higher tendency to be impulsive and have addiction issues.

Brandon is a child who just realized that others may have beliefs that he knows are false. This best illustrates the development of:

a theory of mind.

A child's adaptation of his current understanding to incorporate new experiences is known as:

accommodation.

Temperament and emotionality studies have demonstrated that these characteristics:

are very stable over time.

A child using his new experience in terms of his existing schema is known as:

assimilation.

The term used by psychologists to describe and measure the emotional bond between an infant and his or her caregiver is called:

attachment.

If infancy's major social achievement is _____, childhood's major social achievement is the development of a _____.

attachment; self-concept

By a week after birth, infants are able to distinguish between their mothers' and strangers':

body odors.

The elderly are more susceptible to _____________ than when they were younger.

cancer

Thirteen-year-old David is telling his mother that she should not drive too fast and should make a complete stop at the light in order to avoid getting a ticket. Kohlberg would suggest that this illustrates _____________ morality.

conventional

Improved judgment and impulse control and the ability to plan for the future develops during the late teens and early twenties, largely as a result of:

development of the frontal lobe of the brain.

Dr. Spoleto's research examines cognitive changes that occur as people progress from young adulthood to late adulthood. Dr. Spoleto is a _____ psychologist.

developmental

The study of how people change physically, mentally, and socially throughout the life span is called:

developmental psychology.

Ever since she was 3 weeks old, Tammy has been an unusually contented baby who has slept and eaten well and adapted easily to new experiences. A developmental psychologist would probably describe Shelly's temperament as:

easy.

Your cousin lost her baby during her eighth week of pregnancy. During what stage of prenatal development did she have the miscarriage?

embryo

For women experiencing menopause, which of the following influences their perceptions and the emotional impact of this event?

expectations

Due to health complications from diabetes, Molly's pregnancy had to be terminated during the third month in order to save her life. In what stage of prenatal development did she have the termination?

fetus

The most immediate and direct function of the rooting reflex is to facilitate:

food consumption.

When adolescents achieve the intellectual summit that Jean Piaget called _____, they apply their new abstract reasoning tools to the world around them.

formal operations

Fewer than ____________ of all ____________ survive beyond the first two weeks after fertilization.

half; zygotes

Sixteen-year-old Jeremy is trying out different clothes and hairstyles. His father is confused and sometimes shocked by the pairing of shirts and pants, earrings, chains, and hair colors. His mother, on the other hand, just laughs. Jeremy is in the stage of development called:

identity versus role confusion.

According to research on the stability of temperament, which of the following is the most stable over time?

impulsiveness

Erik Erikson proposed that at what stage of life did people struggle to form close relationships and to gain the capacity for romantic love?

intimacy versus isolation

Jenny has a job, a cat named Jake, and 31 candles on her birthday cake. She is worried about finding the "right man." She frequently spends nights alone and knows she is not getting any younger. Jenny is in the stage of development called:

intimacy versus isolation.

According to Erikson, one positive outcome of the struggle for identity is a comfortable sense of who one is and a developing capacity for:

intimacy with others.

The cessation of menstrual periods is most closely associated with:

menopause.

Aja is worried that as her husband approaches his 40th birthday he will become depressed and unhappy with his life, and that he will begin to seek out other women to help compensate for these feelings. Studies cited in your text indicate that very few men go through this sort of:

midlife crisis.

To most people, the sexual abuse of a very young child is so emotionally repulsive that they immediately recognize it as shamefully immoral. This best illustrates that moral judgments may reflect:

moral intuitions.

In adolescence the growth of _____, the fatty tissue that forms around axons and speeds neurotransmission, enables better communication with other brain regions.

myelin

Five-year-old Ling is beginning to show signs of being able to plan ahead in a somewhat rational manner. At her age, this development is likely due to:

neural networks sprouting in her frontal lobes.

A 65-year-old retina receives only about _________ as much light as its former 20-year-old self.

one-third

Stage theories have contributed a developmental perspective on the entire life span by suggesting the idea that:

people of one age think and act differently when they arrive at a later age.

Jeannette is in her mid-70s and she is in remarkably good health. If she were to worry about getting sick, she should probably worry most about:

pneumonia.

According to Kohlberg, those who develop an abstract level of reasoning, wherein they perceive basic ethical principles and the moral good as more important than their own self, have developed what is known as:

postconventional morality.

According to Lawrence Kohlberg, the majority of children younger than age 9 have a __________________ of self-interest.

preconventional morality

The three distinct levels of moral reasoning that Kohlberg proposed are:

preconventional, conventional, and postconventional.

When a baby's cheek is touched, he or she will turn toward the touch, then open their mouth in search of a nipple. This is known as the _________ reflex.

rooting

When parents are consistently warm and responsive to their infant, the infant is likely to develop a(n) _____ attachment to the parents; when parents neglect the infant, are inconsistent, or insensitive to the infant's needs, the infant is likely to develop a(n) _____ attachment to the parents.

secure; insecure

Studies show that if a girl develops physically ahead of her emotional maturity, this combination can cause the girl to be prone to:

severe anxiety.

Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky believed that cognitive development is strongly influenced by:

social and cultural factors.

Which of the following is the term used by psychologists to describe an infant's inborn predisposition to behave in a consistent manner and react in a particular way?

temperament

Brenda, who has suffered from epilepsy all her life, takes Trileptal to control her seizures. Recently she became pregnant with her first child. She then checked on her medication and found that Trileptal is a Category C medication, meaning that the benefits may outweigh the risks. However, no adequate studies have been performed on the effect of the medication on pregnant women. She was excited to be pregnant, but she was concerned about continuing to take the medication. She asked her doctor whether Trileptal was a(n):

teratogen.

The culturally preferred timing of social events such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement is known as:

the social clock.

Research shows that infants only a few weeks old prefer:

their mother's voice to another woman's voice.

The Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget is best known for his:

theory proposing that children progress through distinct stages of cognitive development.