Psych.-ch.9 (from Quiz)

________ development involves learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity.

cognitive

During the ________ stage, children understand events and analogies logically, and they can perform simple mathematical operations.

concrete operational

Who called the stages of development psychosexual stages?

Sigmund Freud

Which concept refers to the persistent difference in grades, test scores, and graduation rates that exist among students of different ethnicities, races, and sexes?

achievement gap

________ is a long-standing connection or bond with others.

attachment

As toddlers (ages 1-3 years) begin to explore their world, they learn that they can control their actions and act on the environment to get results. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?

autonomy vs. shame/doubt

Crawling, walking, writing, dressing, naming colors, speaking in sentences, and starting puberty are all examples of ________.

developmental milestones

Specific normative events are also called ________.

developmental milestones

Theorists who view development as ________ believe that development takes place in unique stages.

discontinuous

What does nature refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate?

genes and biology

Adolescents (ages 12-18) experiment with and develop a sense of who they are and what roles they want to play. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?

identity vs. confusion

After age 65, most people are attempting to assess their lives and make sense of life and the meaning of their contributions. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?

integrity vs. despair

________ development involves growth and changes in the body and brain, the senses, motor skills, and health and wellness.

physical

________ development involves emotions, personality, and social relationships.

psychosocial

Heroin, cocaine, methamphetamine, cigarettes, and alcohol are all examples of ________.

teratogens

Between birth and one year, infants are dependent on their caregivers; therefore, caregivers who are responsive and sensitive to their infant's needs help their baby to develop a sense of the world as a safe, predictable place. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?

trust vs. mistrust

Who developed the psychosocial theory of development?

Erik Erikson

Who believed that moral development, like cognitive development, follows a series of stages?

Lawrence Kohlberg

Umberto is a one year old, and his mother is sensitive and responsive to his needs. He is distressed when his mother leaves him, and he is happy to see her when she returns. What kind of attachment is this?

secure