PSYCH chapter 14 (question samples)

The experience of a fugue state is indicative of a(n) ________ disorder.

dissociative

The relationship between the season in which people are born and their subsequent risk of schizophrenia BEST highlights the role of _____in this disorder.

viral infections

In one study of over 100,000 people, _____ percent of veterans returning from Iran and Afghanistan were diagnosed with a psychological disorder.

25

Flashbacks are a common symptom associated with:

PTSD

Some psychologists believe that mental health professionals have been overdiagnosing:

PTSD.

Randy has an intense, irrational fear of dogs. Randy might be diagnosed with:

a phobia.

Dr. Phelps believes that psychological disorders are influenced by genetic predispositions and physiological states. He is also aware that inner psychological dynamics, social dynamics, and culture influence psychological disorders. Dr. Phelps believes in a _____model.

biopsychosocial

Boris is a prolific painter. However, he is also prone to periods of hopelessness and depression, which are followed by periods of mania. It is MOST likely that Boris is suffering from _____disorder.

bipolar

Belinda appears to be a typical 14-year-old. She socializes with her friends and spends her time listening to music and watching movies. Unknown to her parents and friends, Belinda will sometimes binge on large amounts of food and then either vomit or use laxatives to purge herself of the extra calories. Belinda MOST likely suffers from:

bulimia

Aidan is sweating and nauseous. His heart is racing, and he feels as if he might die. Aidan is suffering from _____disorder.

panic

What is a minutes-long episode of intense fear that something horrible is about to happen that includes physical symptoms, such as irregular heartbeat, chest pains, shortness of breath, choking, trembling, or dizziness?

panic disorder

Although Claude realizes his behavior is unreasonable, he is so distraught by high bridges that he avoids them and takes an unnecessarily lengthy route to and from work each day. Claude appears to suffer from a(n) _____.

phobia

Hallucinations and disorganized or incoherent speech are examples of _____symptoms of schizophrenia.

positive

The DSM-5 added many new psychological disorders to its list. A criticism of this change was that:

psychiatrists may be overextending the bounds of normality and labeling normal behavior as a disorder.

Criticisms of the DSM-5 suggest that, if Rosenhan's study were replicated today:

the results would be much the same.

Which statement is true concerning the acquisition and maintenance of phobias?

Phobias are acquired through classical conditioning and maintained through operant conditioning.

Although Mark realizes his behavior is unreasonable, he is so distraught by high bridges that he avoids them and takes an unnecessarily lengthy route to and from work each day. Mark appears to suffer from:

a phobia.

Becky experiences great sadness each winter. The rest of the year she is fine. What is she experiencing?

a seasonal pattern of depression

Some people may be more vulnerable to PTSD as a comorbid disorder because they have ________, which floods the body with stress hormones.

a sensitive limbic system

Connie is overwhelmed with fear whenever she must leave the house. She is especially afraid when she uses the subway or goes grocery shopping. Connie's case illustrates:

agoraphobia

Harold has never been able to keep a job. He has been in and out of jail for theft, sexual assault, and spousal abuse. Harold would MOST likely be diagnosed as having _____personality disorder.

antisocial

Brian often interrupts his teacher while she is speaking and frequently forgets to complete his homework assignments. He also has difficulty taking turns in playground games with classmates. Brian MOST clearly exhibits symptoms of:

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Ross often interrupts his elementary school teacher while she is speaking and frequently forgets to complete his homework. He also has difficulty taking turns in playground games with classmates. Ross most clearly exhibits symptoms of:

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Dr. Cobbs believes that psychological disorders are influenced by genetic predispositions and physiological states. He is also aware that inner psychological dynamics, social dynamics, and culture influence psychological disorders. Dr. Cobbs believes in a _____model.

biopsychosocial

The link between conditioned fear and general anxiety helps explain why anxious people are _____to possible threats, and how panic-prone people come to associate anxiety with certain cues.

hypervigilant

Eeyore, a character in the Winnie the Poohseries by E. E. Milne, speaks slowly, has a pessimistic view, and often does not wish to participate in social activities. These behaviors suggest that the character suffers from _____disorder.

major depressive

Thirty-seven-year-old Steven is a single male who has suffered from depression all his life. He has been in treatment for the last week and a half and has begun taking an antidepressant. He is starting to feel better, but he is tired of living this way and does not want to face another depressive episode. In terms of risk factors for suicide, Steven is _____likely to attempt suicide _____.

more; because his energy and initiative are rebounding

Seventy-five-year-old Walter lost his wife to a heart attack two years ago, and most of his friends have passed away. His children live in other states and he has no pets. In terms of risk factors for suicide, Walter is _____likely to attempt suicide _____.

more; because the suicide rate surges among older men

Any behavior that reduces anxiety increases the likelihood that a feared object or situation will be avoided. In the language of operant conditioning, the reduction of anxiety _____avoidance behavior.

negatively reinforces

Without success, Regine spends hours each day trying to suppress the intrusive worry that she may have forgotten to lock her house when she left for work. Her experience is MOST symptomatic of _____disorder.

obsessive-compulsive

The anterior cingulate cortex is MOST likely to be hyperactive in people who suffer from:

obsessive-compulsive disorder.

A study found that both men and women were more likely to say that they cried today during the month of December than they did in August. This provides evidence for a seasonal pattern:

of depression.

Sigmund Freud proposed that, beginning in childhood, people repress intolerable impulses, ideas, and feelings. Freud's theory represents the _____approach.

psychoanalytic

Twenty-year-old Shoshanna lives in a small town. She has always been extremely shy, but lately she has been feeling intensely afraid that others are scrutinizing her. She avoids speaking in class, she no longer goes to parties, and she starts trembling whenever she is in a public place. Shoshanna seems to be suffering from _____disorder.

social anxiety

Will has an intense fear of speaking in public. Because he can only engage in one-on-one discussions, he has been passed over for promotions. Will may be suffering from _____disorder.

social anxiety

Marla is depressed and blames herself for her recent job loss. Her therapist suggests that her depression results from this self-blame, since Marla isn't considering perfectly plausible external factors, such as the slumping economy. Her therapist's approach best illustrates a:

social-cognitive perspective.

Gregory is an impoverished African-American teen who finds school stressful but performs at a moderate level academically. He has no relationship with his father but a close relationship with his mother and grandmother. Which factor MOST increases his vulnerability to developing a mental disorder?

socioeconomic status

Identify the age group that is most likely to display the key symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

4- to 17-year-old children

Being born during the winter and spring months increases the risk of schizophrenia by ______percent.

5 to 8

If an identical twin has schizophrenia, the co-twin's chances of being similarly afflicted are _____in 10 that they shared a placenta.

6

Tonya is interested in studying psychological disorders. If she wants to study the classification system MOST often used in the United States, she should read the _____.

DSM-5

Tonya is interested in studying psychological disorders. If she wants to study the classification system most often used in the United States, she should read the:

DSM-5.

Lynette is released after a four-week stay at a psychiatric hospital. She needs to find an apartment near her job because she cannot afford a car. When she talks to potential landlords, how should she describe herself?

She should not tell them she was in a psychiatric hospital. Many people react negatively to those labeled mentally ill.

Around the world, people may experience the same genetically-based disorder quite differently, depending on their personal expectations and their cultural definition of abnormality. This best illustrates the need for:

a biopsychosocial approach.

Stella has been diagnosed with panic disorder and refuses to leave her home without her husband. She fears any situation in which she cannot escape or find help when a panic attack would strike. Stella suffers not only from panic disorder but also from _____.

agoraphobia

Susan has been diagnosed with panic disorder and refuses to leave her home without her husband. She fears any situation in which she cannot escape or find help when a panic attack would strike. Susan suffers not only from panic disorder but also from:

agoraphobia

Fear-learning experiences that traumatize the brain can also create fear circuits within the:

amygdala

Shantay is a 37-year-old African-American female previously diagnosed with bipolar disorder. She currently appears to be experiencing an episode of mania. Her psychiatrist orders blood work and a brain scan. The imaging is likely to show:

an abnormally high level of activity across the brain.

Elaina is a 15-year-old adolescent who has become shockingly thin. She barely eats and, when she does, she compensates by exercising excessively. Elaina is MOST likely suffering from:

anorexia

Rowena is a 15-year-old adolescent who has become shockingly thin. She barely eats and, when she does, she compensates by exercising excessively. Rowena is MOST likely suffering from _____nervosa.

anorexia

About four months ago, 16-year-old Amal went on a drastic diet that caused her to drop from her normal weight of 120 pounds to less than 90 pounds. Although her weight is dangerously low, she continues to eat too little because she still thinks she looks fat. Amal suffers from:

anorexia nervosa.

Extreme dieting and significant weight loss is common in individuals with:

anorexia nervosa.

After study participants were told that a videotaped interviewee was a psychiatric patient, they characterized the person with phrases like "passive type" or "frightened of his own impulses." This study BEST illustrates the:

biasing power of diagnostic labels.

Del sometimes eats nearly 2000 calories in a single sitting. However, he neither purges nor engages in excessive exercise. Del may have:

binge-eating disorder.

The police brought Elaine to the emergency room after she was seen running down the street in her underwear yelling, "I have the power!" Elaine was also spending large amounts of money across town and was rude and reckless over the last five days. In the emergency room, Elaine would not be quiet long enough for the nurse to ask her questions. Elaine is MOST likely suffering from _____disorder.

bipolar

A _____is a false belief that often accompanies psychotic disorders.

delusion

John has been having difficulties getting out of bed, is not interested in going out with friends, and does not even answer the phone. He has let a number of bills go unpaid, he is sleeping 12 to 14 hours a day, and he cannot concentrate at work. He has called in sick to work at least once each week. John is MOST likely suffering from _____disorder.

depressive

Taresa feels that her life is empty. She has lost interest in career and hobbies, and she wonders if she would be better off dead. She is MOST likely suffering from a(n):

depressive disorder.

Brain scans of individuals suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder showed _____activity in some areas of the frontal lobes, which are responsible for forming plans and making judgments.

elevated

The American Psychiatric Association's DSM is now in its _____ edition.

fifth

Stimulus _____occurs when a person who is attacked by a fierce dog later develops a fear of all dogs.

generalization

Delilah is continually tense and plagued by muscle tension, sleeplessness, and an inability to concentrate. Delilah MOST likely suffers from _____disorder.

generalized anxiety

Diane is constantly concerned about things at work, even when she is at home. She is constantly worried about her homelife, even when she is at work. Diane has free-floating worry that leaves her tense, irritable, impairs her concentration, and leaves her with many sleepless nights. Diane MOST likely suffers from _____disorder.

generalized anxiety

Lenore is continually tense and plagued by muscle tension, sleeplessness, and an inability to concentrate. Lenore MOST likely suffers from _____disorder.

generalized anxiety

Therapeutic drugs that block dopamine receptors are most likely to reduce:

hallucinations.

Thirty-seven-year-old George has suffered from depression most of his life. He has been receiving psychotherapy and medication for the last 3 weeks and is starting to feel better, but he is tired of living this way and dreads facing yet another depressive episode. In terms of risk factors for suicide, George:

is MORE likely to attempt suicide because he is beginning to rebound and become capable.

Eighteen-year-old Marla is a Hispanic American high school senior. She is experiencing a major depressive episode, and her depression is at its lowest point. Marla does not drink or use drugs. In terms of risk factors for suicide, Marla:

is less likely to attempt suicide than depressed individuals who also abuse alcohol.

Andrea experiences extreme anxiety when she approaches any lake. Her therapist suggests that her fear is the result of a traumatic childhood boating accident. The therapist's suggestion reflects a _____perspective.

learning

Jessie spends hours each day trying to suppress the intrusive worry that she may have forgotten to lock her house when she left for work. Her experience is most symptomatic of a(n) _____ disorder.

obsessive-compulsive

People who are troubled by repetitive thoughts or actions are suffering from _____disorder.

obsessive-compulsive

With respect to schizophrenia, disorganized speech is to decreased speech as _____is to _____.

positive symptom; negative symptom

Most people with this mental disorder smoke, often heavily.

schizophrenia

Ruth was walking through the woods during a thunderstorm. A tree struck by lightning from the storm toppled over, narrowly missing Ruth as she fled. The fact that Ruth now has a fear of all trees—not just the one that nearly harmed her—is an example of:

stimulus generalization.

Qwan often finds himself anxious in social situations. He avoids eye contact with others and regularly dismisses his fears of blushing uncontrollably as shyness. If Qwan were Japanese, he might be suffering from:

taijin-kyofusho.

At one time, psychologically disordered people were simply warehoused in asylums. Asylums have been replaced with psychiatric hospitals, where attempts are made to diagnose and cure people suffering from psychological disorders. This change reflects one of the beneficial consequences of:

the medical model.

Arianna displays very dysfunctional behavior. She is unable to care for herself, cannot dress herself, and has limited understanding of her surroundings. Prior to the reform movement influenced by Philippe Pinel, Arianna's behavior would MOST likely have been considered:

the result of demon possession.

Field trials of new diagnostic categories in the DSM-5 revealed that:

there is little consensus between clinicians on many disorders.

One of the criticisms about the DSM-5 involves how clinicians go about defining behavior as a disorder. This is because:

these diagnostic labels are determined subjectively rather than scientifically.

One potential fear of the new classification of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder is that it will:

turn a normal temper tantrum into a mental disorder.

Neal has been diagnosed with major depressive disorder. Neal interprets negative stressful events using a pessimistic explanatory style. His explanatory style creates a hopeless depressed state, which then hampers the way Neal thinks and acts, causing more negative stressful events. Neal's depression is MOST likely due to a:

vicious cycle.