Psych chapter 7 cognitive revolution of psych

Which of the following decades did the cognitive revelation develop in psychology?

1950's

Alex is moving furniture, she can't get a big armchair outside. She keeps trying to put the chair through the doorway the same way she moved a smaller chair but the strategy isn't working. Alex is experiencing

Fixation

People who are more intelligent have characteristics like

Flexibility, inner motivation, and willingness to face risk

Language

Form of communication that is based on a system of symbols

IQ

Intelligence tests that are intended to be culturally unbiased.

Many important aspects of language processing include speech and grammar occur mainly in

Left hemisphere of the brain

Problem solving

Means finding an appropriate way to attain a goal when the goal is not readily available

All of the following are aspects of thinking EXCEPT

Psychically manipulating objects

What is a limitation of the behaviorists view of language development ?

Children learn language skills even if their social environment does not reinforce them

(?) refers to the way in which info is processed and manipulated in thinking, remembering, and knowing.

Cognition

When cognitive psychologists compare brain to a (?) they explain that the brain is like a hardware and cognitive processes are like software.

Computer

The study of which of the following was key to the emergence of the field of cognitive psychology?

Computer science

(?) are mental categories that are used to group objects, events, and characteristics

Concepts

When it comes to categorizing new info, our brains use several techniques. Ex- the mental category that is used in group objects, events, and characteristics is called

Concepts

According to Binet, high intelligence would be reflected in a mental age

Considerably above chronological age

Some language experts propose that there is a _______ period for a language development and that if a child isn't exposed to language within this timeframe they are not likely to develop language

Critical

Chimpanzees are capable of communicating the previous location of a desired location

False

Ai

Focuses on creating machines capable of performing activities that require intelligence when they are done by people.

Researchers have not found evidence that ____has lowered child's IQ

Fruits and vegetables

Millie wants to throw away an empty plastic milk jug cause she insists it's useless now that milk is gone. Millie is exhibiting a specific kind of fixation know as

Functional fixedness

You just received a package from home but you done have a knife handy so you don't know how to open it. Your roommate quickly offered you her house key to open box. You have demonstrated (?) fixedness whereas your roommate has not

Functional fixedness

Charles spearman referred to g as

General intelligence

Primary purpose of Algorithms and heuristics

They provide a way to solve problems

Ian wants his sister to drive him to the movies. He is imagining various ways of achieving this. In other words he is

Thinking

(?) involves manipulating info mentally by forming concepts, solving problems, making decisions, and reflecting in a critical or creative matter.

Thinking or cognition

Critics of the linguistic relativity hypothesis suggest which of the following?

Words reflect but do not cause the way we think

Subgoals

Intermediate goals or problems to solve that put us in a better position for reaching the final goal or solution.

Which two mental habits are crucial to critical thinking ?

Mindfulness and open mindedness

What is created by giving the test to a large group of individuals representative of the population for whom the test is intended to

Norm

Intelligence

Problem-solving skills and the ability to adapt to and learn from life's everyday experiences

Which of following are among criticism of theories of multiple intelligences ?

Proponents have taken the concept of specific intelligence too far Research in support of multiple intelligences does not exist Some question the judgement calls made in determining the types of intelligence People who do well in one intellectual task are likely to excel in other which sounds like spearman's g

A (?) is a typical or highly representative example of a concept it is described as average or ideal member of concept

Prototype

Validity

Refers to the extent to which a test measures what it is intended to measure.

Algorithms

strategies that guarantee a solution to a problem.

Of which of the following, which describe the purposes of concepts?

1- Allow us to generalize 2- Tendency to make judgements according to how well the event matches our expectations allow us to associate experiences and objects 3- aid memory, making it more efficient so that we do not have to reinvent the wheel each time we come accords a piece of info 4-provide clues about how to react to particular object or experience.

Steps of problem solving:

1-find and frame problems 2-developer good problem-solving strategies 3-evaluate solutions 4-rethink and redefine problems over time

Thinking that a plane crash is more likely than a car crash because you can easily remember dramatic images of plane crashes on TV is an example of what cognitive shortcut?

Availability heuristic

Mindfulness

Being alert and mentally present for one's everyday activities.

Mental age

A persons level of mental development relative to that of others

practice intelligence

Ability to apply, implement, and put ideas into practice

Creative intelligence

Ability to create, design, invent, originate, and imagine

analytical intelligence

Ability to judge, evaluate, compare, and contrast

Lai is following a recipe to make a cake. Which of the following problem solving strategies is she using ?

Algorithm

Steinburg's triarchic theory of intelligence comes in 3 forms

Analytical intelligence Creative intelligence Practical intelligence

Wernickes

Area of the brain is involved in language comprehension

Broca

Area of the brain is involved in speech

Brainstorming

Can be used in the first step of problem solving ,finding and framing problems.

Research on environmental factors in intelligence suggest environmental factors

Can impact IQ scores considerably

Concepts

Categorizations of objects, events, or people that share common properties

Heritability

The proportion of observable differences in a group that can be explained by differences in the genes of the groups members

Stereotype

The use of concepts to make a generalization about a group of people.

If a two year old is given a test the score is based off

Their mental age

linguistic relativity hypothesis

Determines that language determines the way we think

Which of these is a major critics s of whorls linguistic relativity hypothesis ?

Differences in word usable may reflect differences in knowledge, rather than causing those differences

Researchers have proven that which of the following have affected IQ?

Educational intervention Interactive reading Omega-3 dietary supplements

Prototype model

Emphasizes that when people evaluate whether a given item reflects a certain concept, they compare the item with the most typical item in the category.

Because they help us narrow down the possible solutions and to fine one that works, we are more likely to use (?) to solve the types of problems we face

Heuristics

Effective problem-solving strategies

Heuristics, subgoals, and algorithms

Which theorist suggests that there are nine types of intelligence, or frames of mind ?

Howard gardener

Standardization

Involves developing uniform procedures of administering and scoring a test, as well as creating norms,or performance standards for the test.

Children who are reinforced for incorrect language use still eventually acquired language. This is one______of the behavioral view of the language development

Limitation

Test that originally consisted of 30 items ranging from ability to other things

Stanford-Binet

Individuals diagnosed with Williams syndrome tend to

Strong verbal, social, and musical skills, while having an extremely low IQ and difficulties with motor tasks and numbers

Gary has decided to landscape his from yard and has set some deadlines for himself. By Tuesday he wants all weeds pulled and by Friday wants new plants in Gary is using (?) in reaching his goal of a new front yard

Subgoals

Representative heuristic

Tendency to make a judgement about a group membership based on physical appearances or the match between a person and owns stereotype of a group rather than on available base rate info

Eugenics

The belief in the possibility of improving the human species by discouraging reproduction among those with less desirable characteristics and enhancing reproduction among those with desirable traits

Reliability

The extent to which a test gives a consistent, reproducible measure of performance.

Gardeners multiple intelligences theory

The idea that intelligence is not a singular entity and can be accurately measured by an iQ test but rather a combination of many different capabilities

When cognitive psychologist compare the brain to a computer, they explain that

The physical brain is like a hardware and the cognitive is like software

Culture-fair tests

are intelligence tests that are intended to be culturally unbiased

open-mindedness

being receptive to other ways of looking at things.

Noam Chomsky argued that

children are biologically prewired to learn language.

What does IQ stand for?

intelligence quotient

cognition

how information is processed and manipulated in remembering , thinking , and knowing

standardization

involves developing uniform procedures for administering and scoring a test, as well as creating norms, or performance standards, for the test

Fixation

involves using a prior strategy and failing to look at a problem from a fresh new perspective.

Divergent thinking

produces many solutions to the same problem

Convergent thinking

produces the single best solution to a problem.

availability heuristic

refers to a prediction about the probability of an event based on the ease of recalling or imagining similar events.

Heuristics

shortcut strategies or guidelines that suggest a solution to a problem but do not guarantee an answer.