Psych Chapters 11 and 12

iconic memory is to echoic memory as

visual stimulation is to auditory stimulation

A teenager believes very strongly that a particular basketball player should not play on his favorite team. Throughout the season, the teenager focuses on every mistake the player makes. However, he does not notice how well the player passes, helps his teammates, and rebounds. This teenager's behavior illustrates which of the following?

Confirmation bias

According to Benjamin Whorf's linguistic relativity hypothesis, which of the following is true?

Different languages predispose those individuals who speak them to think about the world in different ways

Of the following, which is the best example of divergent thinking in problem-solving?

Focusing on ideas within a category of associated solutions

Group 1 is asked to write down the names of the seven deadly sins. Group 2 is asked to look at a list of possible names of the sins and circle the correct seven. Why might group 2 be more likely to recall more sins?

Group 2's list provides more retrieval cues, making this recognition task easier for them

Which of the following is an example of metacognition?

Knowing the effectiveness of different study strategies for different courses for one's own brain

Rats given a drug that enhances LTP will learn an maze with half the usual number of mistakes. This suggests that

LTP provides a neural basis for learning and remembering associations

A researcher asks two different groups their opinion about how much money the president should earn per year. Group 1 was asked "Should the president make more or less than $200,000" and Group 2 was asked "Should the president make more or less than $2 million". The researcher finds that participants in Group 2 are more likely to suggest that the president should make more than $1 million per year. The researcher is investigating the effects of which of the following?

Proactive interference

students often remember more information from a course that spans an entire semester than from a course that is completed in an intensive three week learning period. This best illustrates the importance of

distributed practice

When Loftus and Palmer asked observers of a filmed car accident how fast the vehicles were going when they "smashed" into each other rather than "hit", the observers developed memories of the accident that

portrayed the event as more serious than it had actually been

Unlike implicit memories, explicit memories are processed by the

hippocampus

When confronted with the sequence "_N_" at the end of a word in a crossword puzzle, Tony inserts the letters I and G in the two blanks because that procedure has led to the correct answer in previous puzzles. This example illustrates the use of

an algorithm

While reading a novel at a rate of nearly 500 words per minute, Megan effortlessly understands almost every word. This ability highlights the importance of

automatic processing

Walking into your bedroom you think, "I need to get my backpack in the kitchen." When you reach the kitchen, you forget what you came there for. As you return to your bedroom, you suddenly remember, "Backpack!" This sudden recall is best explained by

context-dependent memory

Austin can't remember Jack Smith's name because he wasn't paying attention when Jack was formally introduced. Austin's poor memory is best explained in terms of

encoding failure

A teenager was given a new phone as a gift and thought the old phone should be thrown away, not realizing that the old phone could be used as a music player to avoid taking up space on the new phone. This example illustrates

functional fixedness

Two year old Mica tells her grandmother that the new couch 'costed' too much. The scenario illustrates that children

overgeneralize the use of grammatical rules

Noam Chomsky's view of language proposes that

people have an inherent language acquisition device

the vietnamese language has the sound that goes with the letters NG at the beginning of words, including names. Americans have difficulty hearing and speaking that sound. That sound is a kind of

phoneme

Which of the following best describes explicit memories?

the result of effortful processing