psych exam 1

which of the following correlations (+0.50, +0.30, 0.00, -0.75) has the strongest predictive value?

-0.75

the followers of ? argue that there is a close relationship between animal behavior and human behavior

Charles Darwin

? is often credited with establishing the first psychological laboratory, thus establishing psychology as an experimental science

Wilhelm Wundt

? activate receptors in the same way as the normal neurotransmitters do

agonists

colorblindness is more common in males than in females because males receive only one ? (on the X chromosome) for that gene for color vision

allele

how do genes control the creations of proteins in the cell? genes on chromosomes specify which ? ? will be joined together, in order, to make each particular protein

amino acids

the modern treatment for PKU is an example of a gene-environment interaction because it involves control of the ? of phenylalanine in the child's diet

amount

on a hike, you find branches arranged to form a three foot tall pyramid, surrounded by a circle of pebbles. Occam's razor would support the hypothesis that ? created this pyramid

another hiker

which side effect is most likely following the removal of a large tumor from a patient's cerebellum? difficulty with ? and ? coordination

balance and motor

for a behaviorist, the goal of psychology is to determine how various experiences result in different ?

behaviors

which function is most directly controlled by the brainstem?

breathing

the voltage difference across a neuron's membrane ? ?

changes frequently

a recessive allele, such as the allele for white flower color in pea plants, affects an individual's phenotype only when it is present on both ?

chromosomes

excitatory synapses bring neurons ? to the firing threshold

closer

brad and George are twins who's parents both have blue eyes. brad and George also have blue eyes, meaning that the twins are ? for that trait

concordant

what have twin studies revealed about the traits of monozygotic twins compared with the traits of dizygotic twins? monozygotic twins tend to me more ? than dizygotic twins

concordant

jessie has taken a medication that interferes with her ability to feel pleasure. this medication is most likely a ? ?

dopamine antagonist

behaviorism examines ?, whereas cognitive psychology examines ?

external behavior, internal mental processes

it is ? that the environment has the same effect on behavior regardless of genes

false

which of the following perspectives argues that human behavior develops in certain ways because it serves a useful purpose?

functionalism

the belief that genes determine everything about us, including our behavior, is referred to as ? ?

genetic determinism

all of the following (adenine, thymine, cytosine, glutamine) are nucleotides that make up DNA except ?

glutamine

a researcher would be most likely to find a positive correlation between ? and ?

height and weight

one of the best methods of determining the influence of confounding variables on the heritability of human traits is to conduct a study of ? ?

identical twins

determine whether the exam scores of one fourth grade classroom reflect how all fourth graders would score requires ? ?

inferential statistics

a researcher presents his participant with a series of flashing lights at varying intervals. after each presentation of a light, he asks the participant to fully describe her internal experiences, a method known as ?

introspection

if a doctor stimulated your occipital lobe, which would you be most likely to experience?

lights and colors

what is the correct order of measures of central tendency, from lowest to highest, for a negatively skewed distribution?

mean, median, mode

a classmate tells you that she has over 700 Facebook friends. as a proponent of the social brain hypothesis, you will most likely be skeptical of her ability to interact ? with so many people

meaningfully

a combination of results from many related studies is a ?

meta-analysis

when a researcher looks at her personality questionnaire data from 75 participants, she notices limited variance in scores, except for one score falling 4 standard deviations above the mean. this score is an ?

outlier

gestalt psychologists such as Max Wertheimer and Wolfgang Köhler argue that the overall experience of human ? is greater than the sum of its parts

perception

the study of how physical events, such as light and sounds, affect our senses is called ?

psychophysics

a neurons ? phase is defined as the brief period during and immediately after an action potential when a neuron cannot produce another action potential

refractory

a measure of conscientiousness produces very similar scores each time a person repeats the exercise, but it doesn't predict whether a person is reliable in everyday life. this measure appears to be ? but not ?

reliable, valid

ethical principles require researchers to provide information about potential ? to participants before they begin a study

risks

plato's cave analogy illustrates that we cannot necessarily rely on our ? to learn the truth

senses

an empiricist believes that the only source of knowledge about the external world is ?

sensory experience

which accurately reflects the path of information flow that takes place when child jerks his hand away from a hot pan?

sensory neurons-->spinal interneurons-->motor neurons

in an experiment treating spider phobia, half of the participants got 8 hours of cognitive-behavioral treatment. the other half get 8 hours of attention from a therapist but no active treatment. both groups report a statistically significant reduction in their fear of spiders. this Is evidence that the placebo effect can be ?

significant

as the number of pirates in the world has decreased, the mean global temperature has increased. this is an example of ? ?

spurious correlation

according to the process of natural selection, a mutation will accumulate in the genomes of future generations if it improves ? and ?

survival and reproduction

harmful dominant alleles, like those for the Huntingtin gene, are not common because in most cases the carrier does not ? long enough to pass on the allele via reproduction

survive

you are home alone when you hear strange noises in your house. this causes your ? system to trigger your heart to race

sympathetic nervous

although very few people would admit to a belief that men make better hires than women, several experiments show that men are more likely to be hired than women with identical résumés. this is an example of ? ?

unconscious bias

which of these behaviors is most likely to be controlled by a neural network?

understanding a joke

the fastest-traveling action potential would be found in a neuron with a ??, ? axon

well-myelinated, thick

research has shown that social exclusion activates the same brain regions as physical pain. a researcher wants to test the hypothesis that over-the-counter pain relievers will also reduce the pain of social exclusion. she gives half of her participants ibuprofen and half a placebo, has them play a game in which other players ignore them, and then measures their level of distress. in this study, ? is the independent variable and ? is the dependent variable

whether people take ibuprofen and distress