psych exam 1
which of the following correlations (+0.50, +0.30, 0.00, -0.75) has the strongest predictive value?
-0.75
the followers of ? argue that there is a close relationship between animal behavior and human behavior
Charles Darwin
? is often credited with establishing the first psychological laboratory, thus establishing psychology as an experimental science
Wilhelm Wundt
? activate receptors in the same way as the normal neurotransmitters do
agonists
colorblindness is more common in males than in females because males receive only one ? (on the X chromosome) for that gene for color vision
allele
how do genes control the creations of proteins in the cell? genes on chromosomes specify which ? ? will be joined together, in order, to make each particular protein
amino acids
the modern treatment for PKU is an example of a gene-environment interaction because it involves control of the ? of phenylalanine in the child's diet
amount
on a hike, you find branches arranged to form a three foot tall pyramid, surrounded by a circle of pebbles. Occam's razor would support the hypothesis that ? created this pyramid
another hiker
which side effect is most likely following the removal of a large tumor from a patient's cerebellum? difficulty with ? and ? coordination
balance and motor
for a behaviorist, the goal of psychology is to determine how various experiences result in different ?
behaviors
which function is most directly controlled by the brainstem?
breathing
the voltage difference across a neuron's membrane ? ?
changes frequently
a recessive allele, such as the allele for white flower color in pea plants, affects an individual's phenotype only when it is present on both ?
chromosomes
excitatory synapses bring neurons ? to the firing threshold
closer
brad and George are twins who's parents both have blue eyes. brad and George also have blue eyes, meaning that the twins are ? for that trait
concordant
what have twin studies revealed about the traits of monozygotic twins compared with the traits of dizygotic twins? monozygotic twins tend to me more ? than dizygotic twins
concordant
jessie has taken a medication that interferes with her ability to feel pleasure. this medication is most likely a ? ?
dopamine antagonist
behaviorism examines ?, whereas cognitive psychology examines ?
external behavior, internal mental processes
it is ? that the environment has the same effect on behavior regardless of genes
false
which of the following perspectives argues that human behavior develops in certain ways because it serves a useful purpose?
functionalism
the belief that genes determine everything about us, including our behavior, is referred to as ? ?
genetic determinism
all of the following (adenine, thymine, cytosine, glutamine) are nucleotides that make up DNA except ?
glutamine
a researcher would be most likely to find a positive correlation between ? and ?
height and weight
one of the best methods of determining the influence of confounding variables on the heritability of human traits is to conduct a study of ? ?
identical twins
determine whether the exam scores of one fourth grade classroom reflect how all fourth graders would score requires ? ?
inferential statistics
a researcher presents his participant with a series of flashing lights at varying intervals. after each presentation of a light, he asks the participant to fully describe her internal experiences, a method known as ?
introspection
if a doctor stimulated your occipital lobe, which would you be most likely to experience?
lights and colors
what is the correct order of measures of central tendency, from lowest to highest, for a negatively skewed distribution?
mean, median, mode
a classmate tells you that she has over 700 Facebook friends. as a proponent of the social brain hypothesis, you will most likely be skeptical of her ability to interact ? with so many people
meaningfully
a combination of results from many related studies is a ?
meta-analysis
when a researcher looks at her personality questionnaire data from 75 participants, she notices limited variance in scores, except for one score falling 4 standard deviations above the mean. this score is an ?
outlier
gestalt psychologists such as Max Wertheimer and Wolfgang Köhler argue that the overall experience of human ? is greater than the sum of its parts
perception
the study of how physical events, such as light and sounds, affect our senses is called ?
psychophysics
a neurons ? phase is defined as the brief period during and immediately after an action potential when a neuron cannot produce another action potential
refractory
a measure of conscientiousness produces very similar scores each time a person repeats the exercise, but it doesn't predict whether a person is reliable in everyday life. this measure appears to be ? but not ?
reliable, valid
ethical principles require researchers to provide information about potential ? to participants before they begin a study
risks
plato's cave analogy illustrates that we cannot necessarily rely on our ? to learn the truth
senses
an empiricist believes that the only source of knowledge about the external world is ?
sensory experience
which accurately reflects the path of information flow that takes place when child jerks his hand away from a hot pan?
sensory neurons-->spinal interneurons-->motor neurons
in an experiment treating spider phobia, half of the participants got 8 hours of cognitive-behavioral treatment. the other half get 8 hours of attention from a therapist but no active treatment. both groups report a statistically significant reduction in their fear of spiders. this Is evidence that the placebo effect can be ?
significant
as the number of pirates in the world has decreased, the mean global temperature has increased. this is an example of ? ?
spurious correlation
according to the process of natural selection, a mutation will accumulate in the genomes of future generations if it improves ? and ?
survival and reproduction
harmful dominant alleles, like those for the Huntingtin gene, are not common because in most cases the carrier does not ? long enough to pass on the allele via reproduction
survive
you are home alone when you hear strange noises in your house. this causes your ? system to trigger your heart to race
sympathetic nervous
although very few people would admit to a belief that men make better hires than women, several experiments show that men are more likely to be hired than women with identical résumés. this is an example of ? ?
unconscious bias
which of these behaviors is most likely to be controlled by a neural network?
understanding a joke
the fastest-traveling action potential would be found in a neuron with a ??, ? axon
well-myelinated, thick
research has shown that social exclusion activates the same brain regions as physical pain. a researcher wants to test the hypothesis that over-the-counter pain relievers will also reduce the pain of social exclusion. she gives half of her participants ibuprofen and half a placebo, has them play a game in which other players ignore them, and then measures their level of distress. in this study, ? is the independent variable and ? is the dependent variable
whether people take ibuprofen and distress