psych exam 4: 10,11,12

if you are supervising employees who say they can finish a challenging job in six weeks what kind of bonus should you promised them

A bonus they can earn by finishing within six weeks but also a not quite so good bonus for finishing within eight weeks

what is meant by a microexpressions

A brief, sudden facial expression of emotion

what lead to significant weight gain among the pimas

A change in diet

anorexia nervosa

A condition in which someone intensely fears gaining weight and refuses to eat a normal amount

hypnosis

A condition of focused attention and increased suggestibility that occurs in the context of a special hypnotist subject relationship

One survey 40-year-olds recalled more lifetime sex partners they ended 50-year-olds. What is the most likely exclamation

A difference between cohorts

déjà vu experience

A feeling that in event is uncannily familiar

broaden and build hypothesis

A happy mood increases your readiness to explore new ideas and opportunities

what did freud mean by the latent content content of a dream

A hidden meaning that the dream symbolizes

type a personality

A highly competitive insisting on always winning their inpatient and often hostile

what are some criticisms of Maslows hierarchy?

A lower level of need does not always take priority over one at a higher level. Maslow's hierarchy ignores parenting and over emphasizes self actualization. Also goals vary among cultures

what evidence shows that déjà vu does not always indicate that an experience was actually familiar

A person with Temporel lobe epilepsy reported an intense déjà vu experience immediately before his seizures regardless of where he was or what he was seeing at the time

Drive

A state of unrest or irritation that energizes one behavior after another until one of them removes the irritation

although alfred kinsley reported that 13% of men and 7% of women had a predominantly homosexual orientation; later surveys reported much lower numbers why

Kinsley did not interview a representative sample of the population

why did Kinsley's results differ from those of later surveys

Kinsley interviewed a non-random non-representative sample of people

polygraph

Lie detector test

testosterone

Male fetuses secrete higher levels of this hormones

how could we measure anxiety levels of nonhuman animals preverbal children were others who cannot answer in words

Measure the strength of the startle reflex

positive psychology

Studies the features that in rich life such as happiness hope creativity courage spiritually and responsibility

emotional intelligence

The ability to perceive imagining understand emotions in not to use that information in making decisions

The introduction to this chapter describes people who stood in line to visit four smelling flower. would that action make sense in terms of drive reduction incentive or homeostasis views of motivation?

The action is a response to an incentive the opportunity for a unusual experience. it would be harder to explain in terms of drive reduction or homeostasis

pure autonomic failure

The autonomic nervous system stops regulating the organs

what advice would you give someone who wants to resist a temptation

The best advice is to avoid the situation in which you might feel temptation. Second don't expose yourself to one temptation just after successfully resisting a different type of temptation. If it is possible to make a commitment far in advance do so. Think of people who yield to the temptation is different from yourself. Also remind yourself of ethical norms

General adaption syndrome

The body's response to stressful events of any type

when you were conscious of one eyes stimulus during binocular rivalry what happens to the representation of the stimulus in the other eye?

The brain processes that stimulus enough to determine whether or not it is important

if you see something dangerous, what determines whether you react with sympathetic or parasympathetic arousal

The closer the danger, the more it arouses the parasympathetic system

A moral dilemma such as the trolley dilemma or the foot bridge dilemma pits two considerations against each other what are they

The desire to help more people versus the guilt you would feel from hurting one person

can hypnosis cause people to do anything they would be unwilling to do otherwise

The evidence is unclear and certain experience hypnotized people have done some strange things but so have nonhypnotized people

what is another name for the sympathetic nervous system

The fight or flight system

schachter and singers theory of emotions

The intensity of the psychological state that is the degree of the sympathetic nervous system arousal determines the intensity of the emotion but a cognitive appraisal of the situation identifies the type of emotion

glucose

The most abundant sugar in the blood it is important energy source for the body and buy for the main energy source for the brain

self actualization

The need for creative activities to for fill your potential

what does the autonomic nervous system controls

The organs

in libets experiment in which people reported the time of a decision to flex the wrist why were the results of relevant to philosophical questions

The results implied that conscious decisions do not control behavior

autonomic nervous system

The section of the nervous system that controls the organs

after damage to the ventromedial hypothalamus and animals away eventually reaches a higher than usual level and then fluctuates around that amount. What has happened to the setpoint

The setpoint increased

why is it likely that the social readjustment rating scale understates the stress levels of a type a person

The social readjustment rating scale measures life changes but not constant stress such as work

Women differ most strongly for men on average in which of these aspects of sexual experience

Women are more likely to experience more than one orgasm in a short time

what evidence suggests that we construct a conscious perception of a stimulus afterward instead of simultaneously with it?

a brief masked stimulus is not perceived consciously but a slightly longer one is perceived as lasting the entire duration. also, the perception of a first stimulus can be altered by a stimulus that follows it

circadian rhythm

a rhythm of activity and inactively lasting about a day

acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)

a sexually transmitted disease that attacks the bodies immune system

masking

a word or other stimulus appears on the screen for a fraction of a second preceded and/or followed by an interfering stimulus

resilience

ability to handle difficult situations with a minimum of distress

how much annual salary would it take to make the average American happy

about twice as much as their current salary whatever that is

researchers present a series of stimuli that prevent you from being conscious of certain ones of those stimuli. What happens when you are conscious of a stimulus

actively spreads more widely in the brain

what if anything happens when you are conscious of a visual stimulus that does not happen when you were unconscious of the same stimulus

actively spreads through more of your brain

Health psychology

addresses how people's behavior influences health

on average how does alertness of an older person change over the course of a day?

alertness is highest in the morning and then decreases

if you eat, drink, or sweat in preparation for future needs rather than current needs, what type of motivation are you displaying

allostasis

how does the concept of allostasis differ from homeostasis

allostasis pertains to how we make changes for new circumstances

what is the difference between allostasis and homeostasis

allostasis refers to substituting one variable for another

during binocular rivalry what is the viewers experience

alteration between one image in the other

in binocular rivalry you see an image in one eye and an incompatible image in the other what do you perceive

alteration between one image in the other

bulimia nervosa

alternate between self deprivation and periods of excessive eating while feeling a loss of control

binocular rivalry

alternation between seeing the pattern in the left retina and the pattern in the right retina

how does incentive motivation differ from drive

an incentive can motivate action when need is a low or absent

anxiety

an increase in the startle reflex

how does a guilty knowledge test differ from the usual polygraph test

an ordinary polygraph test ask whether you did or did not do something and an innocent person might be nervous even when telling the truth. And guilty knowledge test asks questions that should cause only someone with detailed knowledge about the crime to become nervous

hierarchy of needs

an organization from the most insistent needs to the ones that receive attention only when all others are under control

and which of these ways to male homosexuals differ on average from male heterosexuals

anatomy of one part of the hypothalamus

according to the drive theory of motivation what is motivation

and irritation that energizes behavior to remove the irritation

what experience reflects the fact that part of the brain can be awake while another is asleep?

any of the following: waking up but finding oneself unable to move, sleepwalking, or lucid dreaming

what does a polygraph measure

arousal of the sympathetic nervous system

transformational leader

articulates the vision of the future intellectually stimulate subordinates in motivates them to use their imagination to advance the organization

Drive reduction theory of motivation emphasize which of the following

attempts to satisfy our needs in then become inactive

incentive theories of motivation emphasize which of the following

attraction by highly desirable stimuli or opportunities

bisexuality

attraction to both sexes

The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system's make up which of the following

autonomic nervous system

intrinsic motivation

based on the pleasure that the active self provides

coma

cause by traumatic brain damage, the brain shows a steady but low level of activity and no response to any stimulus

night terror

causes someone to awaken screaming and sweating with a racing heart rate sometimes flailing with the arms and pounding the walls

sympathetic nervous system

chains of neuron clusters just to the left and right of the spinal cord which arouses the body for vigorous action

polysomnograph

combine EEG measure with a stimultaneous measure of eye movements

most psychologist define emotion as a combination of which of these elements

commissions, phisiology, feelings, and actions

during a state of meditation what does a person practice

concentration on an image or sensation while remaining passive

parasympathetic nervous system

consists of neurons whos axons extend from the medulla and the lower part of the spinal cord to neuron clusters near the organs it decreases the heart rate and promotes digestion and other non-emergency functions

manifest content

content that appears on the surface

Delay of gratification

declining a pleasant activity now in order to get greater pleasure later

what is the usual consequence of resisting a temptation

decrease the probability of resisting the next temptation

if a human fetus is exposed to high levels of both testosterone and estradiol throughout prenatal development how does the sexual anatomy appear

develop some mail parents. I levels of testosterone lead to male anatomy; lower levels went to female anatomy. The level of estrogen is not decisive for external anatomy

if a human fetus is exposed to very low levels of both testosterone and estradiol throughout prenatal development how does the sexual anatomy appear?

develops a female appearance

The parasympathetic nervous system increases which of the following

digestion

what does arousal of the parasympathetic nervous system prepare the body for

digestion

problem focused coping

doing something to improve the situation

what is the procedure known as flash suppression

dots flashing on and off block conscious perception of a stationary object

how does dreaming differ from overthinking?

dreaming resembles over thinking but it occurs during a time of decreased sensory input in the loss of voluntary control thinking

activation-synthesis theory of dreams

dreams occur because the cortex takes the haphazard activity that occurs during R.E.M. sleep plus whatever stimuli strike the sense organs and does its best to make sense of this activity

in which of these Waze is dreaming usually different from weakening thought?

dreams usually feature less pleasant emotions

research on rats suggest that bulimia resembles what other condition

drug addiction

which of these is a clear example of a homeostatic motivation

earning money

under what circumstances would and eating binge produce an experience similar to taking an addictive

eating a meal high and sugars and fats right after a deprivation. Produces an experience comparable to those produced by addictive drugs

which of the following is an example of drive reduction motivation

eating because of hunger pangs

why have psychological researchers made a slower progress in understanding emotions than in sensation learning and memory

emotion is difficult to measure

cortisol

enhances metabolism and increases the supply of sugar and other fuels to the cells

mere measurement effect

estimating your probability of doing some desirable activity increases your probability of the action

obesity

excessive accumulation of body fat

inoculation

exposing yourself to small amounts of stressful events

which of the following results in a child with in intersex appearance of the genitals

exposure of a female fetus to higher than average levels of testosterone

what are the main ways in which motivation affects job performance

extrinsic motivation mainly increases quantity and intrinsic motivation mainly increases quality

what are some factors that contribute to high job satisfaction

factors associated with high job satisfaction include high ability to perform the job, a happy personality, a perception that the pay scale is fair, and old age

sleep apnea

fail to breathe for a minute or more then wake up gasping for breath

which of the following best describes the woman in the text with damage to her at amygdala in both brain hemispheres

fails to processes information about possible danger

how could you increase your probability of getting a good start on writing a term paper?

first find some way to boost your confidence and make specific plans such as I will spend Monday night at the library looking for materials. You could also estimate your probability of completing the first part of the paper

several methods enable researchers to present a stimulus that reaches the eyes without the person seeing the stimulus consciously. Which of the following is not one of the methods

functional magnetic reasonance imaging

according to Selyes definition of stress which one of the following would be considered stressful

getting married

The main fuel of the body especially the brain is ____. the hormone that increases its flow into the cells ______.

glucose and insulin

on average people born in more recent decades are _____than those born in early decades and life satisfaction ____ as people grow older

happier and increases

was some factors that correlate with happiness

happiness correlates positively with wealth health living in a country that towards my Nordie groups and gives high status to women having close personal relationships having goals in life having substantive conversations having happy friends expressing gratitude and helping others. It also increases in old age and is greater for people born in recent decades

what does the sympathetic nervous system do

he prepares the body for brief, vigorous activity

in studies of the physiology of human emotion, what do psychologist often measure

heart rate and other autonomic changes

posthypnotic suggestion

hey suggestion to do or experience something after coming out of hypnosis

latent content

hidden ideas that dream experience represents symbolically

which term refers to the tendency to maintain constant temperature, week, and body water

homeostasis

which of these brain areas is considered most important for regarding hunger and satiety

hypothalamus

what conclusion would have followed if the early deadline students did better than the late deadline students but that the class on the average did as well as the assigned deadlines students

if students in the two sections had equal performance overall we could not conclude that the deadlines help. Instead the conclusion would be that brighter students tend to set earlier deadlines

backward masking

if the interfering stimulus follows it but doesn't precede it

what conclusion would follow if researchers have found that the twin without PTSD had a normal size hippocampus

if the twin without PTSD had a normal hippocampus the conclusion would be that severe stress had damaged the hippocampus of the twin with PTSD

what is one apparently advantage of feeling sad

in some ways that people are more realistic

estradiol

increase more in females

readiness potential

increased motor cortex actively prior to the start of the movement

insulin

increases the flow of glucose and several other nutrients into body cells

insulin levels fluctuate over the course of a day. Would they be higher in the middle of the day, when people tend to be hungry, or late at night, when people are less hungry

insulin levels are higher in the middle of the day as a result much of your meal is stored and you become hungry again. At night when insulin levels are lower you draw from your supplies to make more glucose

which hormone strongly influence appetite

insulin,ghrelin,leptin

why does intense prolonged stress sometimes lead to fever fatigue and sleepiness

intense stress activates the immune system

extrinsic motivation

is based on the rewards the acts might bring or the punishments it may avoid

name to practical applications of hypnosis

it can really be a pain and posthypnotic suggestions help some people break unwanted habits such as smoking

what is the main objection to "consensus" scoring?

it cannot easily identified a truly outstanding individuals because it doesn't give proper credit or difficult items

in what way if at all can hypnosis relieve pain

it decreases the brains response to pain especially to the emotional aspect

what is the main objection to polygraph test

it identifies an innocent person as lying

test of emotional intelligence ask questions about how someone would feel and very situations. Which of the following is a significant difficulty with such tests

it is hard to be sure what is the correct answer

what are the effects of hypnosis on memory

it leads people to confidently report more details most of which are wrong

if a motivation is homeostatic then what is true about it

it occurs only in the presence of certain stimuli

I want my employees to enjoy their work into feel pride in their achievements. Does that statement reflects a believe in the human relations approach or the scientific management approach

it reflects the human relations approach

what role does sound like play if any in the circadian rhythm?

it rests the rhythm like resetting the time on your watch

if someone remains a week nonstop for three days what happens to the persons alertness?

it rises and falls on a 24 hour schedule superimposed on a downhill slope

why are checklists and unsatisfactory way to measure stress

it seems doubtful that several small stressors should add to as much as one large dresser. Items on stress checklists are often ambiguous. Also, an event can be more stressful for for one person then another

why should we not insist on verbal reports to infer or measure emotions

it would be impossible to teach a child the words for motions unless we had already inferred the emotions from the individuals behavior

what jobs are especially vulnerable to job burnout

job burnout is especially common in the helping professions such as nursing or therapy

job burnout

long-lasting sense of mental and physical exhaustion and discouragement

what is homeostasis

maintaining an optimal level of biological conditions

allostasis

maintaining levels of biological conditions that very according to an individual's needs and circumstances

homeostasis

maintenance oven optimum level of biological conditions within an organism

which of the following is not good advice about making a New Year's resolution

make a general such as I will do my best

vegetative state

marked by limited responsiveness such as increased heart rate in a response to pain

Posttraumatic stress disorder PTSD

marked by prolonged anxiety and depression

what was the order of these events: conscious decision to move, brain activity relevant to movement, and the movement itself?

measurable brain activity came first then the perception of the conscious decision and then the movement

electroencephalograph

measures and amplifies tiny electrical changes on the scalp that reflect patterns of brain activity

for which of these purposes or psychological measurements mire helpful

measuring the strength of someone's anger or fear

The neurocognitive theory of dreams compare dreams to what

mind wandering in daydreaming

guilty knowledge test

modified version of the polygraph test asking questions that should be threatening only to someone who knows the facts of a crime

type B personality

more easy-going less hurried and less hostile

why is the ability to recognize the expressions of six emotions not convincing evidence that these are basic emotions

most every day expressions do not fit neatly into those six categories. We can also identify additional states such as contempt or pride. Also we can identify facial expressions of other conditions that may or may not be emotions

why did a doubling of the mean wealth of Americans over 30 years failed to increase mean happiness

most of the increased wealth went to rich people. Most people's well did not increase much

what do people perceive during binocular rivalry?

most people perceive one stimulus and then the other alternating

what are the arguments against regarding interacts year as a result of emotional problems

most people with anorexia had no psychiatric problems before developing into Rex yet. Standard forms of psychotherapy and drug therapies are not very effective with anorexia. Also a treatment based on increasing body warmth in avoiding excessive exercise has been reported to be highly effective

suppose you have anxieties because of living in a dangerous neighborhood. Which of the following is an example of problem-based coping

moving to a different neighborhood

what are some ways in which men sexuality differs from woman's

nearly all man identify their sexual orientation early and cannot imagine switching. Some women discover their orientation leader and a fair number have a consistent bisexual response. Measuring penis directions can accurately indicate a man sexual interest, the vaginal secretions are not a dependable way to measure a woman sexual interest

are Freuds ideas on dreaming falsifiable in the sense described in chapter 2?

no. a falsifiable theory makes specific predictions so that we could imagine evidence that would contradict it. Freuds dream theories make no clear predictions

why is it hard to test whether hypnosis can get peopel to di somethinh they would refuse to do orherwise?

non-hypnotized people are willing to do some strange and dangerous acts

insomnia

not enough sleep for the person to feel rested the next day

most studies find that game and have a proximately the same levels of testosterone in their blood as heterosexual men of the same age. Do you search results conflict with the suggestion that prenatal hormonal conditions can predispose certain meant to homosexuality

not necessarily. The suggestion is that prenatal hormones can alter early brain development. In adulthood women levels are normal, but certain aspects of brain development have already been determined

flash suppression

other dots to flash on and off rapidly

rapid eye movement (REM) sleep

paradoxical sleep-sleepers eyes move rapidly back and forth under the closed lids

in the experiment described in the "whats the evidence" section, what did participants report and when did they report it?

participants watched a special fast clock and noted the time when they made a spontaneous decision to flex the wrist. they reported it a few seconds later

to what extent do facial expressions of emotion differ among human cultures

people anywhere can recognize facial expressions with greater than chance accuracy, but they are more accurate with faces from their own culture

what evidence indicates important nongenetic influences on eating and we gain

people eat more when in social groups then when eating alone. Peoples expectations about foods, based on such things as the name of the food, influence intake. People eat more when the portion sizes are larger

which of the following generally increases how much food people eat

people eat more when offered a larger portion size

why do mini psychologist doubt the concept of basic emotions

people frequently show parts of several emotions instead of all the aspects of one emotion. That is the various aspects supposedly associated with one emotion do not correlate well with another

what makes make miceoexpressions useful for research on emotion

people have a little voluntary control over microexpressions

over the past few decades the average age of starting puberty has become younger. What is one explanation based on the chapter

people have been gaining weight and therefore producing more leptin. Leptin facilitates the onset of puberty

minimally conscious state

people have brief periods of purposeful actions and speech comprehension

what evidence conflicts with the idea that crying relieves tension

people who cried during a sad movie had no less tension then people who restrained there crying and they reported feeling more depressed

which of the following is associated with the probability of developing PTSD

people with a smaller than average hippocampus are more likely to develop PTSD

intersexes

people with an anatomy that peers intermediate between male and female

in what way does pre-frontal cortex damage interfere with decision-making

people with damage to the pre-frontal cortex cannot imagine feeling good or bad after various outcomes; therefore, they do not consider the emotional pain that a decision might cause

what happens to emotions in people with conditions that we can there autonomic responses? How did these results relate to the James Lange theory?

people with pure autonomic failure have no sympathetic autonomic changes, in their emotions feel weak. That result supports the predictions of the James Lange theory

suppose you were nervous about giving a speech before a group of 200 strangers. How could you inoculate yourself to reduce the stress

practice giving your talk to a smaller group

which animal species been the greatest amount of time sleeping?

predatory animals

motivation

process that determines the reinforcement value of an outcome

periodic limb movement disorder

prolonged "creepy-crawly" sensations in their legs accompanied by repetitive leg movements strong enough to awaken the person especially during the first half of the night

according to schachter and aingers theory The intensity of an emotion depends on your____ and your identification of which emotion you feel depends on your _____

psychological arousal and appraisal of the situation

reappraisal

re-interpreting a situation to make it seem less threatening

disgust

reaction to something that would make you feel contaminated if it got to your mouth

contempt

reaction to violation of community standards

in what way are self reports of a motion often unsatisfactory

readings from different people may not mean the same thing

emotion focused coping

regulating once emotional reaction

which of these bits of advice is best for someone who is trying to resist a temptation

remind yourself of ethical norms

how did researchers arrange for a stimulus to be conscious on some trials and not others?

researchers presented a word for a small fraction of a second. when they simply presented the word, most people identified it. in other cases researchers put interfering patterns before and after the word. in those cases, people were not conscious of it

how do you self-initiated movements differ from stimulus elected movements

self initiated movements are generally slow and gradual

embarrassment, shame, guilt, and pride are grouped as what category of emotions

self-conscious

subjective well-being

self-evaluation of one's life as pleasant interesting satisfying in meaningful

gender identity

sex that someone regards him or herself as being

what did one woman in a vegetative state do that suggested she might be conscious?

she responded to instructions with increased activity inappropriate brain areas

how do you short term affects of cortisol differ from the effects of prolonged cortisol

short term moderate increases in cortisol enhance memory and increase immune responses. prolonged cortisol damages the hippocampus impairs memory and exhaust the immune system

name two important functions of sleep

sleep conserves energy, and memories strengthen during sleep

what is a transformational leader

someone who is seen as visionary and stimulating

which of these is a useful operational definition of consciousness

someone who reports the presence of a stimulus was conscious of it

sexual orientation

someone's tendency to respond sexually to male or female partners or both or neither

incentives

stimuli that for us towards an action

consciousness

subjective experience of perceiving oneself and one's surroundings

narcolepsy

sudden attacks of sleepiness during the day

which of the following is a characteristic of people with narcolepsy?

sudden intrusions of RAM sleep into the waking period

activity of what system prepare someone for fight ir flight activities

sympathetic nervous system

what do the long waves of brain activity during stage 4 sleep indicate?

synchrony among neurons

meditation

systematic procedure for inducing a calm relaxed state through the use of special techniques

is testosterone related more to sexual activity or to seeking new partners? What evidence supports this conclusion

testosterone relates more to seeking partners. Men with higher testosterone levels are less likely to commit themselves to a magnanimous relationship

during which sleep stage is the brain least active? during which stage are the muscles least active?

the brain is least active during stage 4 sleep. the muscles are least active during REM sleep

brain death

the brain shows no activity and no response to any stimulus

Scientific management approach

theory X-you should experiment to find the best way to do the job, select appropriate workers, and train them well to do it the right way

human relations approach

theory Y-employees like variety in their job a sense of accomplishment, and a sense of responsibility

what do you backwards masking, flash suppression, and binocular rivalry have in common

they are ways to present a stimulus so someone will not be conscious of it

what method did researchers use so that in observer would be conscious of the visual stimulus on some trials and not conscious of the same stimulus on other trials

they presented masking stimuli before and after the stimulus

what happens when people adopt past years of breeding patterns characteristic of a particular emotion? How did these results relate to the James Lange theory?

they show in enhance tendency to feel that emotion this result is consistent with the James Lange theory

what was one method researchers used to prevent a word so that people would be conscious of it on some trials and not others

they sometimes presented a masking pattern after the word

when a rat runs in the running wheel before a meal what is the main motivation

to keep warm

when researchers briefly flashed a word in the present and masking pattern what is the purpose of the masking pattern

to prevent consciousness of the word

transactional leaders

tries to make that organization more if fission I doing what is already doing by providing rewards or effective work

if you are an evening person, what could you do to improve your grades?

try to schedule your important classes in the afternoon instead of the morning

some people control anxiety with tranquilizers. In which of these three categories of coping strategy do these drugs along

using tranquilizers is an example of emotion-focused coping

microexpressions

very brief sudden emotional expressions

what does arousal of the sympathetic nervous system prepare the body for

vigorous activity

sleep spindles

waves of activity at about 12 to 14 per second

why is the ability to recognize the facial expressions of emotions not good evidence for the idea of basic emotions

we also recognize facial expressions of other states that we don't regard as emotions

libet's experiment indicated that the brain activity responsible for a movement began earlier than the conscious decision to make the movement. what is the main reason to be uncertain of this conclusion?

we have reasons to doubt that people can accurately state the time that a conscious decision began. spontaneous movements and the decisions behind them develop gradually not suddenly

how is the content of dreams similar to waking thoughts and how is it different?

we mostly dream about the same topics we think about but dreams usually feature less happy emotions

researchers often show a photograph and ask observers to identify the emotion. In what ways might this procedure underestimate the ability to recognize emotions

we ordinarily have many other cues including gestures past year tone of voice in contacts also it is easier to recognize expressions of sadness and fear when someone looks down or to the side

A brief mask stimulus is not perceived consciously but I slightly longer one is perceived as lasting the entire duration that finding supports which of these conclusions?

we sometimes construct a conscious perception after the stimulus not spontaneously with it

which of these questions about consciousness seems most answerable at present

what brain activity occurs when you are conscious of some stimulus

with masking flash suppression or binocular rivalry A view where is conscious of the stimulus under one condition but not another. How does the brain representation differ as a result?

when I view where is conscious of the stimulus the brain activity is stronger and more widespread

which of these can be easily explained by the drive theory of motivation

when you feel like thorn in your leg you stop to remove it

when researchers measured brain activity during your binoculars rivalry what did they find

whichever stimulus became conscious activated wide areas of both hemispheres

you were going on a first date with someone you hope will find you exciting. According to schachter and singers theory should you plan a date walking through an art gallery or riding on roller coasters

writing on roller coasters. If your day gets emotionally excited here she made contribute to the arousal to you.

suppose someone with intact retinas becomes blind because of damage to the visual cortex. will that person nevertheless synchronize the circadian rhythm to the time of sunlight? explain

yes, someone with blindness because of cortical damage nevertheless tends to weaken during times of sunlight. the average amount of bright light activates certain ganglion cells that send their output not to the visual cortex but to the suprachiasmatic nucleus which controls the circadian rhythm

according to drive reduction theory of emotion what do you do after you satisfy all your needs

you become inactive

which of these is an example of an incentive motivation

you join some friends to watch a movie

suppose you are the president of the us company negotiating a business deal with someone from the opposite side of the world. should you prefer a meeting place in Europe or on an island in the pacific ocean?

you should prefer to meet on a pacific island so that you will travel west

which of these with the drive theory of motivation find it difficult to explain

you sometimes see excitement and new experiences

if you were on a submarine deep in the ocean with only artificial light that was the same at all times, what would happen to your rhythm of wakefulness and sleepiness

you would continue to produce a 24-hour circadian rhythm but you generate it within your own body

according to the James Lange theory which of the following is true

your feeling of fear is your perception of what your body is doing

James Lange theory

your interpretation of the stimulus evokes on gnomic changes in sometimes muscle actions. Your perception of those changes is the feeling aspect of your emotion

which would disrupt your studying more your own radio or your roommates radio why

your roommates radio would be more disruptive. You can turn your own radio on or off switch stations or reduce the volume. You have no such control over your roommates radio