Psych Exam 4

Which of the following refers to one potential way to overcome problem-solving obstacles? a. Incubation b. Affirming the consequent c. Denying the antecedent d. Relying on the halo effect

a. Incubation

If a motorcycle cop believes that young female drivers speed more than other drivers, he will likely notice young female drivers speeding in the fast lane but fail to notice young male or older drivers doing the same. In this case, the police officer's judgments are skewed by the operation of the a. permission schema b. confirmation bias c. Gambler's fallacy d. typicality principle

b. confirmation bias

Which term best describes the problem of factoring the equation 9x2+5x-7=4x2-2x+8? a. Divergent b. Functional c. Analytical d. Analogical

c. Analytical

Which of the following statements does NOT apply to the results of research on differences between how experts and novices solve problems? a. experts possess more knowledge about their fields than novices. b. experts often organize problems differently than novices, based on principles. c. experts often spend more time analyzing problems than novices d. being an expert in one field can transfer to better problem solving in another field

d. being an expert in one field can transfer to better problem solving in another field

In Kaplan and Simon's experiment, they presented different versions of the mutilated checkerboard problem. Participants in the ___________ group had the fastest response time. a. blank b. color c. black and pink d. bread and butter

d. bread and butter

According to your text, the key to solving the Wason four-card problem is __________. Note: The rule of the four-card problem is, "If there is a vowel on one side, then there is an even number on the other side." a. a mental model b. a categorical syllogism c. the law of large numbers d. the falsification principle

d. the falsification principle

An experiment measures participants' performance in judging syllogisms. Two premises and a conclusion are presented as stimuli, and participants are asked to indicate (yes or no) if the conclusion logically follows from the premises. Error rates are then calculated for each syllogism. This experiment studies _______ reasoning. a. deductive b. intuitive c. falsification d. inductive

a. deductive

Functional fixedness would be LOWEST for a(n) a. novel object b. familiar object c. frequently used object d. object with specific function

a. novel object

Utility refers to a. outcomes that achieve a person's goals b. how useful a reasoning process is c. the validity of a syllogism d. degree of risk aversion one has

a. outcomes that achieve a person's goals

Sanfey and coworkers' "ultimatum game" experiment revealed that people tended to make the ________ decision of _______ when they thought they were playing against another person. a. irrational; accepting any offer b. irrational; accepting only high offers c. rational; accepting any offer d. rational; accepting only high offers

b. irrational; accepting only high offers

Finke's "creating an object" experiment had participants create a novel object by combining parts. Once they created an object, they were given the name of an object category and instructed to interpret their creation as a practical object or device within that category. Finke used the term preinventive forms to describe the a. object parts b. novel objects before a function was described c. practical objects within the category d. inventions rated high in both practicality and originality

b. novel objects before a function was described

In the jelly bean study of Denes-Raj and Epstein, most participants drew from the bowl containing _______ jelly beans, even though this was not the rational course of action given task instructions. a. blue b. green c. many d. few

c. Many

Which of the following is NOT a typical test of creativity? a. The self-reported Creative Achievement Questionnaire b. The alternate uses task c. The working forward heuristic task d. The compound remote associate task

c. The working forward heuristic task

Your sister vehemently believes she needs to wear her lucky socks for the Yankees to win. She claims that every single time the Yankees have performed well, she has been wearing those socks. This is an example of a. the law of large numbers b. an atmosphere effect c. an illusory correlation d. the falsification principle

c. an illusory correlation

In an illustration of functional fixedness, people are more likely to solve Duncker's candle problem if a. fewer tracks are provided b. pliers are also presented c. box is empty d. candle is already lit

c. box is empty

Actions that take a problem from one state to another are known as a. intermediate states b. subgoals c. operators d. mental sets

c. operators