Psych exam on Prejudice, Stereotyping, and Discrimination

Kylo is taking a social psychology course and his teacher asks students to take a computerized test that asks them to sort pictures into different categories, such as "good" and "bad." The goal of this test is to help identify automatic preferences of which a person may not be consciously aware. What is this test called?

Implicit Association Test (IAT)

Rafael has joined the Spanish Club at his school. According to the social identity theory, what is Rafael likely to do when he meets individuals from the German Club or French Club and defines them as outgroup members?

Rafael will exaggerate the similarities amongst outgroup members.

Reverse discrimination refers to:

bending over backwards to treat members of some social group favorably

Having conscious beliefs, feelings, and behaviors of hostility toward outgroup members that you are perfectly willing to admit reflects what type of bias?

blatant bias

The stereotype content model suggests that when we interact with homeless people we feel what type of emotional prejudice?

disgust

What do parents do to their children when they model prejudice for them?

fill them with needless fear, anxiety, and anger

Which of the following combinations would most likely combine to create a person's schema of the "model minority" individual?

high in competence but low in sociability

How is the media implicated in the teaching of prejudice?

minorities appear in low-status and comic roles in the media

Which of the following emotional prejudices might a person be most likely to experience in response to another person who is high in warmth but low in competence?

pity

16-year-old high school student Gregory thinks of himself as a member of the "musical clique" at school and feels that the musicians are the best group of students. He thinks poorly of athletes and spends most of his time with peers who share similar interest. This is an example of __________ theory.

self-categorization

Mordechai lives in a neighborhood where nearly every home is owned by other orthodox Jewish families. He is very upset when he finds out that a house on his block has been purchased by a family who is Catholic. He feels that Jewish families are better than others, and does not want this family to live on his block. Mordechai is demonstrating a ________ orientation.

social dominance

According to ________ theory, people tend to categorize each other into groups and then show favoritism to their own group.

social identity

In the Skinhead study, participants who suppressed stereotypes:

subsequently sat farther away from the Skinhead

What lies behind the "illusory correlation?"

the fact that infrequent events are distinctive

What were some of the problems with the Robber's Cave experiment?

the study took place over a short period of time

How do people handle information that is inconsistent with a stereotype they hold?

they deny it or refute it

In the "us vs. them" orientation,

"us" are viewed in highly favorable terms

____ is an evaluation or emotion toward people merely based on their group membership.

Prejudice

A belief that characterizes people based merely on group membership is __________.

a stereotype.

Prejudice refers to:

a usually negative attitude toward the members of some social group

Aversive racism is an example of ________ bias.

ambiguous

Stereotypes involve:

beliefs and expectations about a particular group

Being in a good mood:

caused participants to assign more guilt to targets of stereotypes

Why does contact between groups work to reduce prejudice?

contact may increase the perception of similarity of members belonging to the different groups

Even when people are not aware of their presence, stereotypes will serve as an:

energy saving tactic

Tokenism refers to:

hiring a person solely as a token member of a racial or ethnic group, rather than on the basis of qualifications

Relative to men, women tend to be:

less confident

If Joe-Bob is prejudice against Blacks, but is placed in a job situation where he has to work with Blacks, you would expect Joe-Bob to show:

less prejudice over time

According to the social learning point of view, negative attitudes toward various social groups are due to:

parents and friends

Gaertner and colleagues' recategorization:

refers to a technique for collapsing the boundaries between antagonistic groups by having them pursue common goals

Realistic conflict theory:

refers to competition over valued commodities

The stereotype content model suggests that we judge social groups on which two features?

warmth and competence

Only one of the following falls under "sexual harassment." Which one could be sexual harassment?

A boss repeatedly makes derogatory statements about women in front of women employees

People who have a high social dominance orientation (SDO) are likely to agree with which of the following statements?

Hierarchies are natural, some groups are simply better than others.

What type of tool is used to measure automatic preferences such as one's attitude toward different groups?

Implicit Association Test (IAT)

What is the difference between Social Dominance Orientation (SDO) and Right-Wing Authoritarianism?

SDO concentrates on economic conflicts while Right-wing Authoritarianism concentrates on value conflicts.

What is the difference between stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination?

Stereotypes are based on beliefs, prejudice is based on emotions, and discrimination is based on behavior.

Jason believes that all Asian people are good at math. What is this belief an example of?

a stereotype

Brandon does not believe he is prejudiced. However, he got very nervous when told he was randomly assigned to room with a man from Costa Rica for his first year in college. He plans to spend as little time as possible in his room because of this reason. Brandon is probably experiencing which of the following?

aversive racism

While walking out of a convenience store, Nicholas openly mocks the clerk's accent to his friend. "EVERY convenience store I go into is owned by an Indian," he says. "Can't they do anything else?" Nicholas's open expression of his opinion and his lack of embarrassment suggests that this is a(n) ________ bias.

blatant

Chukwudi believes that atheists cannot be trusted. As a result, he refuses to hire anyone who does not regularly attend church. Chukwudi's action is an example of __________.

discrimination

People who engage is tokenism seem to be saying:

don't bother me, haven't I done enough for these people already

Regarding the "glass ceiling;"

male executives unconsciously promote it

Ted believes women are not knowledgeable about cars. He tends to notice that most of the cars stopped at the side of the road with engine trouble have women standing next to them looking helpless. Ted is good at bringing such instances to mind. He is using a prejudicial:

schema

It is a natural and adaptive social process to classify people into groups. However, because we inhabit one of these groups, we tend to favor our ingroup. What concept explains this tendency to put people, including yourself, into groups?

self-categorization theory

The________ content model suggests that we judge social groups based on their perceived warmth and competence.

stereotype

In the famous "Robbers Cave" study by Sherif and colleagues:

the boys began early to identify with their groups, even creating group flags

If a teacher grades a minority child more leniently than other children (Fajardo, 1985):

the minority child may show inflated opinions of his or her skills