psych final 3
during which period of the HOV. cycle does a HIV-seropositive person transmit the virus to other people
asymptomatic period
the pathway of chronic interpersonal stress that predicts inflammatory activity over time in adolescents may underline the relation of social stress to disorders like ----.
atherosclerosis
identify the cell-containing bodily fluid through which the hi virus appears to be exclusively transmitted.
blood semen
according to a reheard study, relaxation used as an intervention to improve immune functioning is associated with an enhancement in ------.
cellular immunity
what change is trigger by brief stressor that indicate a shift from cellular immunity toward humoral immunity?
changes in cytokine production
the duration of a brief stressor is several -----.
days
identify the adverse effects of depression on the immune system.
delayed wound healing disturbance in sleep
an independent risk factor implicated in the progression of cancer is -----.
depression
identify a common intermittent experience of HIV infected individuals that predicts non-adherence and an important target of intervention to improve quality of life.
depression
identify the preexisting vulnerabilities in people for whom the effects of chronically stressful events are stronger
disease old age
assessing the function of immune cells involves ------.
examining the activation, proliferation, transformation, and cytotoxicity of cells
what is the consequence of late diagnosis of AIDS among women
experimental treatment are not available or helpful.
identify the factors the predict slower disease progression among people with HIV
extraversion spiritually
true or false: in mild cases of rheumatoid arthritis may be inflammation of the heart muscle, blood vessels, and tissues just beneath the skin.
false
true or false: people with strong support networks are less likely to disclose their HIV positive status
false
what is common and debilitating symptom of cancer
fatigue
what is the duration of a short term stressors?
few minutes
the symptoms of type I diabetes are -----.
frequent urination, unusual thirst, weight loss, fatigue, weakness, irritability, nausea, uncontrollable craving for for, and fainting
the early symptoms of HIV infection are -------.
mild, with swollen glands, ad mild, flu-like symptoms
identify the high-risk groups for whom sexual negotiation skills are especially important.
minorities women adolescents
which of the following features are included in most educational interventions for AIDS?
modes of transmission of HIV information about HIV infection
match: motivation training this program involves cognitively reappraising on's behavior changes as now part of ones identity, and this process plays an important role in sustained behavior change as well self-reevaluation this program induces a state of readiness to change, by help people develop behavior-change goals, recognize the discrepancy between their goals and their current behavior, and develop a sense of self efficacy that they can change
motivation training=this program induces a state of readiness to change, by helping people develop behavior-change goals, recognize the discrepancy between their goals and their current behavior, and develop a sense of self-efficacy that they can change the self-reevaluation=this program involves cognitively reappraising on's behavior changes as now part of one's identity, and this process plays an important role in sustained behavior change as well
which of the following functions are affected y stressful caregiving?
natural Killer cell function wound repair
the body responds to short term stressor by up-regulating ----- and down regulating -----.
natural immunity; specific immunity
the symptoms of cancer patients before or after a chemotherapy session are -----.
nausea and vomiting
adverse effects on immune functioning as a result of marital disruption and conflict is common in ------.
newlyweds
-----is a sign of good immune functioning.
production of antibodies to a vaccine
highly active antiretroviral therapy is a combination of antiretroviral medications that contains ------.
protease inhibitors
HIV infected people must continually cope with fear, prejudice, and stigma from the general community, which can lead to an increase in ------.
psychological disstress
identify the interventions that reduce risk-related behavior in order to control the spread of HIV infection
refrain from high-risk sex avoid needle sharing
----- may mute the effect of stress on the immune system
relaxation
the most crippling form of arthritis is ------.
rheumatoid rthritis
what are the ways by which gay men can be taught to exercise self control in sexual relationships or high-risk sexual activity?
role-playing modeling feedback
for safe-sex practices, health psychologists have developed interventions that involve practice in -----.
sexual negotiation skills
a factor that may precipitate type I diabetes in individuals with genetic risk is -----.
stress
depression, pain, and fatigue that often co-occur among cancer patients may be caused or aggravated by
stress hormones
depression, pain, and fatigue that often co-occur among cancer patients may be caused or aggravated by -----.
stress hormones
psychological inhibition among people with HIV causes alternations in ------ activation and immune system function
sympathetic nervous system
match the items: sympathetic nervous system activation of this system has the immediate effect of increasing immune activity, especially natural killer cell activity the HPA axis activation of this system has immunosuppressive effects.
sympathetic nervous system=activation of this system has the immediate effect of increasing immune activity, especially natural killer cell activity the HPA axis=activation of this system has immunosuppressive effects.
in order to assess immune functioning, ----- is a method that involves applying an adhesive strip to the skin and pulling it off to assess how quickly skin barrier function
tape stripping
------ has shown to slow the decline in CD4+ cell levels and has even related to lower risk of death
the ability to find meaning in ones experience
why is the characteristic feature of cancer?
there is an excessively rapid growth of new cells
identify the reasons why depression accompanies HIV diagnosis especially among people with less social support
they have more severe HIV symptoms they engage in avoidance coping behavior
what is the primary function of the immune system
to distinguish what is self and what is foreign
true or false: disclosure of HIV-seropositive status is influence by cultural factors
true
which of the following conditions do people with HIV infection more likely to have than healthy people?
anxiety disorders traumas
how does social support help cancer patients?
-it improves psychological adjustment to cancer -it helps deal with ruminations about cancer
type I diabetes is a serious life-threatening disease that accounts for about ----- of all diabetes
10
the most prevalent among autoimmune diseases is ----.
arthritis
identify the age- group that is primarily affected by rheumatoid arthritis.
40 to 60 years
women working in the sex trade, child and adolescent runaways, homeless youths are especially vulnerable to ----.
AIDS
maintenance of good health among people with AIDS depends critically on adhering to ------.
ART
which of the following systems are functionally altered by psychosocial stressors that affect immune functioning in ways that permit cancer to flourish?
HPA and sympathetic stress systems
wha are the common opportunistic infections that result from impaired immune system in AIDS?
Pneumonia Kaposi sarcome
in the context of assessing would healing as an indicator of immune functioning, which of the following impairs the inflammatory response that initiates would repair
Psychological distress
which of the following factors may promote a more rapid corse of HIV
Psychological inhibition
a branch of med that studies interactions among behavioral, neuroendocrine, and immunological processes of adaption is called
Psychoneuroimmunology
----- seems to have begun in central Africa and spread rapidly throughout Zaire, Uganda, and other Central African nations, largely because its causes were not understood.
acquired immune deficiency syndrome
identify the factors that protect against stress.
active coping optimism
identify the dietary factors that are implicated in cancer development.
alcohol consumption chronic malnourishment
identify the groups of people who show poor adherence rates
alcoholics IV drug users
identify the types of cancer where problems related to sexual suctioning is especially common.
gynecologic cancers prostate cancer
identify the components of cognitive-behavioral intentions for HIV positive individuals. (check all that apply)
health behaviors stress management
during the asymptomatic period of aids the immune system is severely compromised due to the death the the --------- T cells resulting in vulnerability to opportunistic infections
helper
what is the effect on people who fail to adhere to art
high levels of psychological distress more avoidance coping behavior
identify the reason for low-income blacks and hispanics to develop AIDS much faster than the others
higher levels of stress higher prevalence of intravenous drug use
which therapy has made AIDS that was once a virtual death sentence a chronic disease instead?
highly active antiretroviral therapy
type I diabetic are especially vulnerable to
hyperglycemia
what are the early symptoms of central nervous system impairment for AIDS patients
inability to concentrate, psychomotor retardation, decreased alertness, loss of sexual desire
among drug users, HIV can be spread through -----.
infect needles
which of the following are implicated in some cancers?
infectious agents
what are the major social stressors that increase the risk for cervical cancer?
infidelity financial stress
What does arthritis mean?
inflammation of a joint
in rheumatoid arthritis agents of the immune system the this membranes surrounding the joints leading to ------.
inflammations stiffness pain
cytokines in the bay are indicative of -------.
inflammatory activity
cytokines in the body area indicative of -----.
inflammatory activity
a feature of natural immunity is that -----.
it contains wounds rapidly
most cancers have ----- growth cycles
long
individuals of ------ are a a greater risk fo cancer
low socioeconomic status
people with insecure attachment to others show -----.
lower natural killer cell activity
which of the following is. major barrier to controlling the spread of HIV infection
non-disclosure of HIV status
what is relatively common problem among cancer patients, especially in advanced stages of the disease?
pain
a risk factor for psychological distress depression, and poor sleep that may represent additional influences on the course of cancer is
passive coping
the ability of certain white blood cells to ingest foreign particles is called ---.
phagocytosis activity
identify the chronic conditions in older people that may interact with arthritis to produce disability
poor cognitive functioning poor vision
identify the chronic conditions in older people that may interact with arthritis to produce disability.
poor cognitive functioning poor vision
in the context of stage model of behavior change, information base interventions help people move from ----- to a ----- parse with respect to safe sex practices.
precontemplation, contemplation
the condition where the immune system falsely identifies cells in the pancreas as invaders and, accordingly, destroys these cells, compromising or emliminating their ability to produce insulin is known as
type I diabetes
an example of a chronically stressful event that is linked to adverse effects in almost all functional measures of immune system is ------.
unemployment
------ are most commonly affected by osteoarthritis
women