Psych Final Practice Questions

d

"Am i as popular as Cathy?" This question is an example of gaining self-knowledge through the process of: a. peer review b. peripheral evaluation c. peer recognition d. social comparison

d

"out of sight, out of mind" can describe the behavior of a child who lacks the concept of a. conservation b. separation anxiety c. attachment d. object permanence

c

-- refers to a psychological state in which a person's perceptions and thoughts are fundamentally removed from reality. a. dissociation b. mania c. psychosis d. catatonia

b

--- are enduring characteristics of our personality. --- are briefer experiences. a. States/traits b. traits/states c. conditions of worth/archetypes d. archetypes/conditions of worth

d

--- involve a sudden loss of memory or change in identity: a. anxiety disorders b. mood disorders c. personality disorders d. dissociative disorders

b

--- is a common negative symptom of schizophrenia, which means the display of little or no emotion. a. catatonia b. flat affect c. referential thinking d. hallucination

d

--- is characterized by a pervasive pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and emotions, and of marked impulsivity beginning by early adulthood and present in various contexts. A. schizophrenia b. dissociative identity disorder c. antisocial personality disorder d. boderline personality disorder

b

--- refers to the processes by which we use social stimuli to form impressions of others a. form perception b. person perception c. visual perception d. amodal perception

d

---- is a person's assessment of his or her own level of positive affect relative to negative affect, and an evaluation of his or her life in general. a. unconditional positive regard b. self-efficacy c. an archetype d. subjective well-being

a

---- is an eating disorder in which an individual, typically female, consistently follows a binge-and-purge eating pattern. a. bulimia nervosa b. bing eating disorder c. anorexia nervosa d. schizophrenia

a

---- is an individual's fast-acting, self-fulfilling fear of being judged based on a negative idea about his or her group: a. stereotype threat b. self-serving bias c. false uniqueness effort d. stereotype consensus effect

b

---- is based on a person's desire to be liked by a group: a. information social influence b. normative social influence c. social loafing d. social facilitation

b

---- is the psychological discomfort caused by two inconsistent thoughts a. consensual validation b. cognitive dissonance c. risky shift d. deindividuation

d

---- is the scientific study of how people think about, influence, and relate to other people a. social darwinism b. social analytics c. socialism d. social psychology

a

---- means helping another person for personal gain, such as to feel good, or avoid guilt. a. egoism b. alturism c. ethnocentrism d. utilitarianism

a

---- refers to the way individuals define themselves in terms of their group membership. a. social identity b. ethnocentrism c. crowdsourcing d. groupthink

a

---- treat depression by increasing the level of norepinephrine and serotonin. a. tricyclics b. monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors c. selective serotonin reuptake inhibition (SSRI) d. benzodiazepines

c

----- is an anxiety disorder in which an individual has an intense fear of being humiliated or embarrassed in public. a. thanatophobia b. xenophobia c. social phobia d. gamophobia

c

----- refers to a person's ability to recover from or adapt to difficult times a. rigidity b. assimilation c. resilience d. innatism

b

----is the most dramatic, least common, and most controversial dissociative disorder. a. dissociative amnesia b. dissociative identity disorder c. dissociative fugue d. schizophrenia

c

A man who signs his wife during an argument is most likely exhibiting: a. relational aggression b. subtle aggression c. overt aggression d. covert aggression

c

A superficially charming person who is indifferent to the pain of others and has spent his life in and out of prison for violent crimes would most likely be diagnosed with which type of personality disorder? a. borerline personality disorder b. narcissistic personality disorder c. antisocial personality disorder d. schizotypal personality disorder

c

According to Arnett, all of the following except ---- are features of emerging adulthood. a. feeling "in between" b. self-focus c. wisdom d. identity exploration in love and work

a

According to Erikson's theory of socioemotional development, establishing --- is the key challenge of adolescence. a. an identity b. intimacy with a partner c. generatively d. integrity

c

According to Freud, penis envy and the Oedipus complex is experienced during which of the following psychosexual stages of development? a. oral b. anal c. phallic d. latency

c

According to Freud, the superego: a. works according to the pleasure principle b. consists of unconscious drives and is the individual's reservoir of sexual energy c. considers whether the id's impulses can be satisfied in acceptable moral terms d. has no contact with reality

d

According to Gray's reinforcement sensitivity theory, the behavioral inhibition system: a. is sensitive to rewards in the environment b. predisposes one to feelings of positive emotion c. underlies the trait of extraversion d. is sensitive to environmental punishment

b

According to James Marcia, the two dimensions of identity are: a. temperament and attachment b. exploration and commitment c. parenting style and attachment d. accommodation and assimilation

c

According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, the first stage of cognitive development that lasts from birth to about two years of age is the --- stage. a. pre operational b. concrete operational c. sensorimotor d. formal operational

d

According to humanistic theory, a child who receives ---- from his or her parents is likely to avoid the problems associated with ----. a. unconditional positive regard/self-actualization needs b. conditions of worth/positive self-regard needs c. self-consistency/ threats d. unconditional positive regard/ conditions of worth

d

According to research on aggressive behavior, which of the following personality factors is mostly associated with aggression? a. low levels of hostility b. low levels of irritability c. low levels of neuroticism d. low levels of conscientiousness

d

According to the National Institute of Mental Health, the leading cause of disability in the US is: a. OCD b. panic disorder c. schizophrenia d. major depressive disorder

a

Adler's view that people are motivated by purpose and goals and that perfection, not pleasure, is thus the key motivator in human life known as: a. individual psychology b. humanistic theory c. trait theory d. social cognitive theory

c

Alfred Adler would be most likely to endorse which of the following explanations for human behavior? a. people are primarily motivated by their desires to seek pleasure and avoid pain b. people are primarily motivated by factors of which they are not consciously aware c. people are primarily motivated by purposes and goals d. people are primarily motivated by sexual and aggressive instincts

c

An individual diagnosed with an anxiety disorder is most likely to experience: a. episodes of unrealistic excitement and euphoria b. hallucinations c. motor tension, apprehensive expectations, and thoughts d. recurrent thoughts of death and suicide

d

As other children in his school line up for lunch on the first day of kindergarten, Ben demands to be at the beginning of the line. He is most likely receiving what type of parenting? a. authoritarian b. authoritative c. conventional d. permissive

d

Brittney is a counselor who believes that her clients have the innate ability to make good choices. She accepts each individual as they are and as a person in the process of change. She holds that individuals are capable of controlling their lives and achieving their goals. Brittney is most likely to agree with the ---- of personality. a. trait theories b. psychoanalytic perspectives c. social cognitive theories d. humanistic perspectives

a

Catatonia: a. is a state of immobility and unresponsiveness that lasts for long periods of time b. means giving personal meaning to complete random events c. refers to fake, unusual, and sometimes magical beliefs that are not part of an individual's culture d. refers to sensory experiences that occur in the absence of real stimuli

a

Decatastrophize technique in cognitive therapy involves: a. helping the client evaluate whether he is overestimating the nature of a situation b. helping the client distribute responsibility for events appropriately c. providing the client with ways of stopping a cascade of negative thoughts d. systematically examining the evidence for the client's beliefs or assertions

b

Dissociative disorders often occur in individuals who also show signs of: a. bipolar disorder b. PTSD c. antisocial personality disorder d. panic disorder

d

Dr. Guerrero uses different therapies based on the benefits they provide for her clients. Currently she is using a behavioral approach to treat an individual with panic disorder and a cognitive therapy approach to treat a client with major depressive disorder. Dr. Guerrero is practicing: a. psychoanalysis b. humanistic therapy c. biological therapy d. integrative therapy

c

Dr. Wren is in the process of diagnosing Lily's psychological disorder. After asking Lily a few questions about her symptoms, Lily reveals experiences alternating episodes or europhoria and distress. On some days, Lily claims that she feels capable of doing anything in the world and restless. Other days she feels worthless an miserable and lies in bed all day. In the context of mood disorders it can be inferred that Dr. Wren is likely to diagnose Lily with: a. major depressive disorder b. OCD c. bipolar disorder d. schizophrenia

b

Elizabeth visited a psychiatrist who after interviewing her recommended either paxil or prozac. From this scenario it can be inferred that Elizabeth is most likely suffering from: a. dyslexia b. depression c. amnesia d. psychosis

d

Eric has an extreme fear of being humiliated in public. As a result, he avoids public gatherings and functions. The thought of speaking in front of the crowd induces panic in him. Which of the following best describes Eric's disorder? a. OCD b. generalized anxiety disorder c. algophobia d. social phobia

b

Ernie is an extrovert. Bert is an introvert. What can you predict about Ernie and Bert given your knowledge or personality research? a. Bert will be happier than Ernie b. Ernie experiences more positive emotions than Bert c. Bert is less neurotic than Ernie d. Ernie has been denied unconditional positive regard

b

Frank is seeing a therapist for his side phobia. The therapist first teaches him muscle relaxation and then they develop a stimulus hierarchy. Frank is seeing a therapist who uses: a. flooding b. systematic desensitization c. psychoanalysis d. social skills training

a

If children cannot grasp the concept of conservation they are unable to a. recognize that the quantity of a substance remains the same despite changes in shape b. retain earlier schemas when confronted with new experiences c. accommodate later in life d. see things from the point of view of anther person

b

In addition to providing treatment for depression, antidepressant drugs may also be an effective treatment for: a. schizophrenia b. anxiety and eating disorders c. dissociative amnesia d. antisocial personality disorder

a

It has been over 2 yrs since the death of her husband and Jenna still cannot cope with her loss. Since then, she feels hopeless, and has been constantly preoccupied with thoughts of death an cannot seem to find much pleasure in life. In the context of disorders involving emotion and mood, it can be inferred that Jenna is most likely suffering from a. major depressive disorder b. bipolar disorder c. social anxiety disorder d. OCD

b

Ivan is very depressed, and the danger of suicide is eminent. He is not responding to the drugs normally employed to treat depression. Which of the following treatments is most likely to prove helpful in reducing Ivan's depression and suicidal behavior? a. a self-help groups b. electroconvulsive therapy c. encounter groups d. minor tranquilizers

b

Jason is working on an experiment during his science class and is following a procedure to systematically analyze the outcome. Jason is most likely in the ---- stage of cognitive development? a. sensorimotor b. formal operational c. concrete operational d. pre operational

b

Jenna constantly experiences feelings of hopelessness and worthlessness. Jenna's doctor, Jacob, advises her to start taking antidepressant drugs that contain serotonin and dopamine. According to Dr, Jacob's diagnosis, Jenna's depression is a result of the imbalance and improper functioning of the neurotransmitters in her brain. In the context of the theoretical approaches to psychological disorders, the diagnosis conforms to the: a. sociocultural approach b. biological approach c. psychological approach d. social cognitive approach

c

Jerome was held hostage by gunmen along with 30 others. He had witnessed the gunmen shoot other hostages and was denied food and water for 2 days. Since then, Jerome loses track of where he is and feels like he is back in the hotel. These flashback episodes terrify Jerome and disturb his peach of mind. In context of anxiety, it can be inferred that Jerome shows symptoms suggestive of: a. schizophrenia b. OCD c. PTSD d.social anxiety disorder

d

Joyce has the potential to be an honor student but frustrates her teachers because of her actions. Rather than working to succeed, she tends to "dummy down" to act more like the students that she hangs out with. She has at times answered questions incorrectly in class on purpose to be more like her friends. Joyce's behavior is due to a. informational social influence b. ethnocentrism c. groupthink d. normative social influence

c

Juan is a child with low activity level and tends to withdraw from new situations. He is inflexible, and displays low mood intensity. Juan is said to have what type of temperament? a. easy b. difficult c. slow-to-warm-up d. aversive

b

Judy thinks she is depressed over her teacher's criticisms on her paper. Judy's therapist explains to her that Judy's own illogical belief-that the criticism means she is stupid- is really why she is depressed. Judy is likely to be seeing a therapist who is providing --- therapy. a. behavioral b. Beck's cognitive c. humanistic d. psychoanalysis

b

Karen has been suffering from a disorder that is characterized by exaggerated and irrational worry that tends to interfere with her daily functioning. She can't sleep properly and often complains of stomach aches. In spite of being constantly nervous and restless she cannot seem to find the specific cause of her worry. These symptoms have lasted for almost six months now. Which of the following disorders is Karen most likely to be diagnosed with? a. social anxiety disorder b. generalized anxiety disorder c. OCD d. bipolar disorder

c

Linda has decided to pursue law because everyone in her family is a lawyer. This is an example of: a. identity moratorium b. identity diffusion c. identity foreclosure d. identity achievement

b

Marie's mom is loving and caring. her mom sets clear boundaries and engages in a lot of verbal give and take. In terms of parenting styles, she would be described as: a. conventional b. authoritative c. authoritarian d. permissive

a

Melissa and John have been happily married for 30 yrs because they have ensured that they have no opportunities to fight. Both of them have jobs so they contribute proportionally to the household income, and they equally share all other responsibilities. Melissa and John's happy marriage can be best explained by: a. social exchange theory b. social cognition theory c. social identity theory d. elaboration likelihood method

a

Michelle was reared in a home where high moral principles dominated. She attended Sunday school and church since early childhood. In high school, her boyfriend asked her to miss school and go on a cruise with him but something inside of her told her not to. She felt very proud of herself afterward for holding her ground. Which Freudian personality structure made Michelle feel proud of her response? a. superego b. preconscious c. id d. ego

b

Neuroleptic drugs ---- a. are anti anxiety drugs b. reduce schizophrenia symptoms c. are also called nonadrenergic antidepressants d. cure schizophrenia

b

Randy experienced a horrific childhood. She was physically and verbally abused by her mother and sexually abused by her step father. Years later, she began experiencing anxiety symptoms. Which of the following anxiety-related disorders would best apply to this situation? a. major depressive disorder b. PTSD c. bipolar disorder d. schizophrenia

a

Sam is a participant in a study of moral development. In response to the Heins moral dilemma story, Sam says "Heinz shouldn't steal the drug bc if he steals he will go to jail and jail is a bad place so he shouldn't risk such a harsh punishment." Same appears to be operating at which of the following stages of moral development? a. preconvetional b. conventional c. post conventional d. hyper-conventional

a

Sean, a psychologist, told his colleague "My client must confront the conflicts he faced in his childhood and gain release from this burdening anxiety." According to this statement, ti can be concluded that Sean follows a ---- approach. a. psychodynamic b. cognitive c. behavioral d. humanistic

c

The ---- approach to psychological disorders primarily focuses on the brain, genetic factors, and neurotransmitter functioning as the sources of abnormality. a. psychological b. sociocultural c. biological d. evolutionary

d

The freudian term for the tactics that the ego uses to reduce anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality is: a. fixation b. hysteria c. ego wellness d. defense mechanisms

b

The hormone that is typically implicated in aggressive behavior is: a. estrogen b. testosterone c. epinephrine d. norepinephrine

d

The work of Harry Harlow established that: a. early social experience in humans is essential to normal functioning in adulthood b. infants do not depend on warm social interaction to survive or develop c. human behavior is hardly more complex than that of rhesus monkeys d. contact comfort is more important than feeding in the attachment process

c

Unlike obese individuals who do not suffer from bing-eating disorder, binge eaters are more likely to: a. consume fatty, high calorie food b. stope eaten before they are full c. overvalue their physical appearance, weight, and body shape d. suffer from diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease

a

What theoretical approach to psychological disorders would be most likely to consider a person's gender and ethnicity when diagnosing a disorder? a. sociocultural approach b. behavioral approach c. biological approach d. cognitive approach

c

Which of the following about psychosurgery is false? a. psychosurgery is a biological therapy that involves the removal or destruction of brain tissue to improve an individual's adjustments b. a prefrontal lobotomy is a type of psychosurgery that involves severing fibers that connect the frontal lobe and the thalamus c. the effects of psychosurgery can be revered with intensive therapy d. present-day psychosurgery involves making just a small lesion in the amygdala or another part of the limbic system

b

Which of the following conclusions was drawn from the Stanford prison experiment conducted by Zimbrado? a. good people can never act evil b. people are more likely to be evil when personal responsibility is removed c. bad people will act evil regardless of the situation d. authority forces people to act evil

c

Which of the following forms of treatment would be used only as a last resort to help patients with severely debilitating conditions? a. drug therapy b. cognitive therapy c. psychosurgery d. psychoanalysis

b

Which of the following indicated the view of a humanistic therapist regarding the cause of psychological problems? a. they occur as a result of transference between the therapist and client b. they occur as a result of client's functioning below the optimal level c. they occur as a result of learned inappropriate behaviors d. they occur as a result of irrational thoughts and beliefs

a

Which of the following individuals exhibits the trait of openness to experience? a. Sarah, who is very successful in the business she has started b. Phoebe, who donates generously only to programs sponsored by her church c. Jenny, who experiences more negative states than positive states d. Maria, who dresses very stylishly and attends parties with her friends every weekend

c

Which of the following individuals is likely to be diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder? a. a person who shows an excessive attachment to moral code and is excessively orderly in daily life b. a person who is prone to mood swings, excessive self-criticism, and extreme judgement of others c. a person who lacks empathy for others, is egocentric, and is willing to use others for his or her own personal gain d. a person who receives himself/herself as helpless and depends on others for emotional and physical needs

c

Which of the following individuals is likely to be diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder? a. a person who shows an excessive attachment to moral codes and is excessively orderly in daily life b. a person who is prone to mood swings, excessive self-criticism, and extreme judgement of others c. a person who lacks empathy for others, is egocentric, and is willing to use others for his own personal gain d. a person who perceives himself as helpless and depends on others for emotional and physical needs

b

Which of the following is a class of antipsychotic drugs that is administered as a part of drug therapy? a. tricyclics b. neuroleptics c. benzodiazepines d. tetracyclics

c

Which of the following is a technique that is used in family therapy? a. scaling b. guided association c. structural change d. reattribution

b

Which of the following is the most important determinant of the effectiveness of psychotherapy? a. the duration of therapy sessions b. the therapeutic alliance c. the cost involved in therapy d. the number of therapy sessions

b

Which of the following is true of Carl Roger's approach to personality? a. Roger's believed that conditions of worth cannot become part of who we think we ought to be b. Rogers believed that each person is born with natural capacities for growth and fulfillment c. Roger believed that personality psychology should focus on understanding healthy, well-adjusted individuals d. Rogers believed that the person must not reconnect with his or her true feelings and desires

b

Which of the following is true of Horney's sociocultural approach? a. She believed that no woman experiences penis envy b. she viewed psychological health as allowing individuals to express their talents freely c. she supported Freud's notion that anatomy is destiny d. She rejected the notion that men covet women's reproductive capabilities

d

Which of the following is true of defense mechanisms? a. defense mechanisms are conscious in nature b. even when used in moderation, defense mechanisms are unhealthy c. defense mechanisms are tactics the ego uses to increase anxiety d. repression is the foundation for all of the psychological defense mechanisms

d

Which of the following is true of majority and minority influence in a group? a. the majority influences group devision making only through informational influence b. the majority influences group decision making only through normative influence c. the minority in a group cannot win through informational pressure d. the minority in a group cannot win through normative pressure

d

Which of the following is true of psychoanalytic techniques? a. freud believed that transference was an avoidable aspect of the analyst-patient relationship b. transference is the psychoanalytic term for the client's unconscious defense strategies that prevent the analyst from understanding the person's problems c. resistance is the psychoanalytic term for the client's relating to the analyst in ways that reproduce or relive important relationship in the client's life d. Freud believed that a person's current problem could be traced to childhood experiences

b

Which of the following most accurately describes Ainsworth's strange situation test used to measure children's attachment? a. The caregiver and the infant watch several strangers enter the room b. the caregiver leaves the infant with a stranger and returns later c. the stranger takes the infant away from the caregiver and moves to a place where the caregiver cannot be seen d. the caregiver hides the toy that the infant was playing with under a blanket

b

Which of the following perspective emphasizes that personality is primarily unconscious? a. social cognitive perspective b. physcodynamic perspective c. humanistic perspective d. personological and life-story perspectives

d

Which of the following statements about specific phobia is true? a. all disorders that involve repetitive behavior like hoarding disorder, excoriation, and trichotillomania are related to specific phobia b. all people who have a specific phobia also suffer from OCD c. specific phobia is a disorder that develops through exposure to a traumatic event that overwhelms a person's ability to cope d. many explanations of specific phobia view these disorders as based on experiences and learned associations

a

Which of the following statements best defines conformity? a. a change in a person's behavior to coincide more closely with a group standard b. behavior that resists the explicit demands of an individual in authority c. the ability of a person to overcome a social influence d. unselfish interest in helping another person

b

Which of the following statements is true of the biopsychosocial model? a. according to the biopyshcosocial model, biological, sociocultural, and psychological factors are independent of one another and operate distinctly in producing abnormal behavior b. the biopsychosocial model states that biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors are all equally significant ingredients in producing both normal and abnormal behavior c. according to the biopsychosocial perspective, a specific gene or a particular experience will inevitably lead to the development of a psychological disorder d. the biopsychosocial model gives more importance to biological factors over psychological and sociocultural factors in producing normal and abnormal behavior

c

Which of the following statements is true of the development of the brain in humans? a. the synaptic connections decrease drastically during childhood b. the connection between neurons is the highest at birth c. the process of myelination begins prenatally d. the process of myelination stops at adolescence

b

Which of the following was formerly called multiple personality disorder? a. dissociative amnesia b. dissociative identity disorder c. dissociative fugue d. schizophrenia

c

Which statement best describes the relationship between neuroticism and emotion? a. neuroticism is a personality trait and therefore not related to emotional experience b. neuroticism is related to feeling more positive emotion c. neuroticism is related to feeling more negative emotion d. neuroticism is related to extreme emotions, both positive and negative

a

Which structure of personality did Freud refer to as the "it"? a. id b. ego c. superego d. collective unconscious

b

Which theoretical approach emphasizes the contributions of experiences, thoughts, emotions, and personality characteristics in explaining psychological disorders? a. the sociocultural approach b. the psychological approach c. the humanistic approach d. the biological approach

a

You come to a conclusion that Carla is a naturally anxious woman. You ignore the fact that Carla is currently taking finals and working 40 hours per week. You are demonstrating the a. fundamental attribution error b. universality mistake c. self-serving bias d. availability heuristic

a

You come to a conclusion that Carla is a naturally anxious woman. You ignore the fact that Carla is currently taking finals and working 40 hrs per week. You are demonstrating the: a. fundamental attribution error b. universality mistake c. self-serving bias d. availability heuristic

c

a mother gives her 3 yr old and her 4 yr old children chocolate milk in identically shaped glasses to avoid conflict over who has more. The mom is showing her awareness of her children's difficulty with: a. language b. object permanence c. conservation d. symbolism

b

a psychologist who practices cognitive therapy might try to help a patient who suffers from a major depressive disorder by: a. using systematic desensitization to replace depression with relaxation b. trying to get the patient to identify irrational and self-defeating thoughts c. analyzing unconscious conflicts from the patient's past d. involving the patient in satisfying social activities

c

according to -----, as we age our cells become less capable of dividing a. hormonal stress theory b. free-radical theory c. cellular-clock theory d. Ericsson's theory of socioemotional development

a

according to Piaget, accommodation occur when individuals a. adjust their schemas to new information b. incorporate new information into existing schema c. are developed of parental warmth and sensitivity d. are insecurely attached to their caregivers

c

according to abraham maslow, which of the following traits is least likely to be associated with self-actualizers? a. spontaneity b. creativity c. intolerance d. sense of humor

d

according to the self-perception theory: a. social comparisons aid in identity building b. inconsistent thoughts cause psychological discomfort c. attitudes influence behavior d. behaviors can cause attitudes

a

adolescents often have difficulty controlling their emotions and making sound decisions about risky behavior. Brain research suggests that this is due to the fact that during adolescence: a. the amygdala is developed earlier than the prefrontal cortex b. the prefrontal cortex is developed earlier than the amygdala c. growth in the hippocampus is halted d. the corpus/callosum becomes severed

c

all of the following are criteria that are used to distinguish normal behavior fro abnormal behavior except: a. behavior that is deviant b. behavior that is maladaptive c. behavior that is inconsistent d. behavior that involves personal stress over a long period of time

b

attribution theory: a. is an explanation of how behaviors influence attitudes b. views people as motivated to discover the underlying causes of their behavior as part of their effort to make sense of the behavior c. suggest that we feel uneasy when we notice an inconsistency between what we believe and what we do d. is a theory of social comparison which says that when individuals lack objective means to evaluate their opinions and abilities. They compare themselves with others

d

developmental psychologists use the term --- to refer to a person's genes or biological inheritance a. accommodation b. nurture c. assimilation d. nature

a

four month old baby oscar is a participant in a preferential-looking experiment. Researchers show oscar two photos, one of which is of his mom's face, and the other which is of a female stranger's face. The photos are presented repeatedly in differing locations, and the amount of time Oscar spends looking at the photos is recorded. What will researchers conclude if Oscar shows a reliable preference for his mother's face over the stranger's face? a. oscar can discriminate his mother's face from a stranger's face b. oscar is afraid of strangers c. oscar likes strangers as much as his mother d. oscar can't see very well

a

gabriela's mother practices the authoritative style of parenting. This suggests Gabriela's mother: a. encourages her to be independent but still places limits and controls on behavior b. is uninvolved in Gabriela's life c. is restrictive, punitive and engages in little verbal exchange with Gabriela when they have differences of opinion d. sets very strict rules and limitations for Gabriela's behavior

c

in 1973 rosenhan conducted a study in which 8 healthy individuals were asked to see a psychiatrist at various hospitals. What did the results of this study demonstrate? a. college students who experience negative symptoms of schizophrenia are very susceptible to mental health issues b. doctors are always correct with their diagnosis of schizophrenia c. one a person has been labeled with a psychological disorder, the label colors how others perceive everything else he or she does d. if you are treated door schizophrenia at an early age you are likely to recover fully

b

in a cross-sectional study related to developmental psychology, a. the same people are retested over a period of years b. a number of people are assessed at one point in time c. different characteristics of an individual are assessed simultaneously d. the behavior of an individual is assessed by different researchers

d

in the course of prenatal development, by the end of the ---- period, the heart begins to beat, the arms and legs become more differentiated, the face starts to form, and the intestinal tract appears in human beings. a. germinal b. fetal c. conception d. embryonic

a

individuals with dissociative disorder have: a. a less voluminous hippocampus and amygdala b. excessive levels of the neurotransmitters glutamate c. a very small cerebral cortex d. very few receptors for the neurotransmitter serotonin

d

katie bought a few t-shirts from a garage sale. While purchasing them, she tried her best to bargain as she knew the seller was charging her a higher price for every t-shirts compared to the others. After reaching home, she found that there was an extra t-shirt in her bag for which she did not pay. As her mother had taught her to return things that did not belong to her, Katie went back to the store and returned the extra t-shirts. According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, Katie belongs to which level? a. pre conventional b. concrete c. pre operational d. conventional

c

one explanation for the effects of deindividuation in groups in that groups: a. make people more inhibited b. reduce the diffusion of responsibility c. give people anonymity d. increase personal identity

c

research shows that ---- is the most important determinant of therapy outcome. a. the therapist's credentials b. the cost of the therapist c. the quality of the client's participation d. the client's age

a

social loafing refers to the: a. tendency for people to exert less effort when working in groups than when working alone b. tendency for people to exert more effort when working in groups than when working alone c. tendency to spend more time being productive when in the company of one's peers d. social norm that obligates the general public, to help those who may not be completely able to help themselves (e.g. children and elderly)

a

the ---- of schizophrenia are marked by a distortion or an excess of normal function, whereas the --- reflect social withdrawal, behavioral deficits, and the loss or decrease of normal functions. a. positive symptoms/ negative symptoms b. negative symptoms/ positive symptoms c. physical symptoms/ psychological symptoms d. psychological symptoms/ physical symptoms

b

the americans with disabilities act: a. made it illegal to hold social stigmas agains those with mental disorders b. made it illegal to discriminate against a person with a psychological disorder in the workplace c. was designed to eliminate the cultural stereotype of people with mental disorders d. was designed to provide additional healthcare coverage to people with mental disorders who were stereotyped as violent

d

the disordered thoughts in schizophrenia are referred to as psychotic because: a. they are caused by extreme memory loss b. they are highly repetitive c. they are the most dramatic and least common d. they are far removed from reality

a

the free-radical theory states that aging is caused by: a. damage to DNA b. the body's lowered resistance to stress and disease c. biological constraints on cell division d. nutritional deficiencies

b

the main goal of psychoanalysis is to: a. persuade clients to abandon their irrational, misery-inducing beliefs b. help individuals gain insight into the unconscious conflicts that are the source of their problems c. train clients to avoid maladaptive pattern of behavior through modeling of appropriate behaviors d. demonstrate unconditional positive regard toward the client

a

the mere exposure effect provides one possible explanation for why ---- increases attraction a. proximity b. similarity c. physical attractiveness d. reciprocity

c

the primary goal of behavioral therapy is to: a. uncover unconscious conflicts b. gain self-awareness c. reduce or eliminate maladaptive behavior d. be sensitive to the cultural and contextual needs of the client

c

the process by which individuals evaluate their thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and abilities in relation to others is known as: a. peer review b. peripheral attribution c. social comparison d. peer recognition

b

the term --- refers to an individual's behavioral style and characteristic way of responding a. schema b. temperament c. generativity d. assimilation

a

tranquilizers are ---- drugs a. anti anxiety b. antidepressant c. antipsychotic d. MAO inhibitors

b

when individuals desire to have another person near and have a deep, caring affection for the person, they are displaying a. romantic love b. affectionate love c. the mere exposure effect d. passionate love

d

which of the following is NOT one of the essential qualities needed in a relationship to reconnect with one's true feelings and desires according to Rogers? a. unconditional positive regard b. empathy c. genuineness d. defense mechanisms

a

which of the following is an important element of Carl Roger's humanistic theory? a. self-concept b. persona c. archetype d. sublimination

d

which of the following is true of neuroleptic drugs? a. neuroleptic drugs treat the causes of schizophrenia, not its symptoms b. neuroleptic drugs have substantially increased the length of hospital stays for individuals with schizophrenia c. neuroleptic drugs are widely used to read bipolar disorder d. if an individual with schizophrenia stops taking neuroleptic drugs the symptoms return

d

which of the following is true of the three structures of personality described by Freud? a. according to freud, the id is completely conscious, whereas the ego is partly unconscious b. in freud's view, the id has contact with reality c. the superego acts as a mediator between the conflicting demands on the id and the ego d. according to freud, the ego helps individuals to test reality

c

which of the following refers to a period of rapid skeletal and sexual maturation that occurs mainly in early adolescence? a. sensorimotor stage b. pre operational stage c. puberty d. menopause

a

which of the following represents the correct chronological sequence of Piaget's stages of cognitive development? a. sensorimotor, pre operational, concrete operational, formal operational b. sensorimotor, concrete operational, preoperational, formal operational c. pre operational, concrete operational, formal operational, sensorimotor d. concrete operational, formal operational, sensorimotor, pre operational

a

which of the following statements is true of dissociative identity disorder? a. one identity dominates at one time; another takes over at another time b. individuals with DID have 2 or more ambitious personalities with overlapping memories and behaviors c. the majority of individuals who have been sexually abused develop DID d. the vast majority of individuals with DID are men

b

which of the following statements is true of the concept of risky shift? a. it is the tendency to shift to a group that makes less risky decisions b. it is the tendency for individuals to more willingly endorse riskier decisions when in a group than when they are alone c. it refers to a person;s risk of losing her or her personal identity when he or she becomes a part of a group d. it refers to each person's tendency to exert less effort in a group because of reduced accountability for individual effort

b

which of the following statements is true of the psychological and sociocultural factors involved in schizophrenia? a. contemporary theorists strongly believe that stress is unrelated to the development of schizophrenia b. marriage and warm supportive friends are related to better outcomes for individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia c. sociocultural background considered as the primary cause of schizophrenia d. individuals with schizophrenia in developing non industrialized nations tend to have worse outcomes than those in developed industrialized nations

d

which of the following treatments reduce or eliminate the symptoms of psychological disorders by altering aspects of body functioning? a. psychotherapies b. humanistic therapies c. cognitive behavioral therapies d. biological therapies

c

which stage of cognitive development involves replacing intuitive reasoning with logical reasoning in concrete solutions? a. sensorimotor b. pre operational c. concrete operational d. egocentric

c

with respect to the three characteristics of abnormal behavior, when a behavior interferes with a person's ability to function effectively in the world, it is considered: a. unique b. dependent c. maladaptive d. repetitive