psych hw

When Tobias passed his driver's exam, the song Fire and Rain by James Taylor was playing on the radio. Now, whenever Tobias hears this sad song, he feels joyous. Tobias's joyful reaction to the sad song can be classified as a(n)

conditioned response.

Garcia's work on learned taste aversion was based on his finding that some organisms, including humans, ________ to quickly learn to avoid foods that smelled or tasted like something that in the past made them sick.

were biologically prepared

Which of the following is an example of operant conditioning? A) getting relief from pain after taking an aspirin B) All of the answers are correct. C) getting an allowance after completing chores D) getting spanked for running in the street

All of the answers are correct.

________ occurs when a previously conditioned response decreases in frequency and eventually disappears

Extinction

Which of the following is TRUE? A) Men generally prefer snacks because it makes them feel taken care of. B) Men generally prefer hot meals because it makes them feel taken care of. C) Women generally prefer hot meals because it makes them feel taken care of. D) Women generally prefer snacks because it makes them feel taken care of.

Men generally prefer hot meals because it makes them feel taken care of.

occurs if two stimuli are sufficiently distinct from each other that one evokes a conditioned response but the other does not.

Stimulus discrimination

________ is the conditioned stimulus and ________ is the conditioned response in the above example

Toilet paper; smiling.

John Garcia discovered that some organisms, including humans, are _____ to quickly learn to avoid foods that smelled or tasted like something that made them sick, a phenomenon called _____

biologically prepared learned taste aversion

The phenomenon of comfort food can best be seen as developing through

classical conditioning.

Jillian, a stay-at-home mother, watches a lot of daytime television. During the day, Charmin toilet paper runs lots of television ads. Jillian always smiles when she sees these ads because they have so many cute babies on them. When Jillian is shopping at her local market, she finds herself smiling when she is in the toilet paper section, especially when she is near the Charmin toilet paper. In this example, the unconditioned stimulus(i) is(are) the

cute babies

Sally used to come running whenever she heard the electric can opener, because her master would give her canned dog food. However, her master switched to dry dog food and, eventually, Sally stopped running to the kitchen when she heard the can opener. This is an example of

extinction.

Which of the following is an example of positive punishment?

getting spanked for running in the street

In a previous study, participants were given chicken noodle soup. Who felt the chicken soup was a comfort food?

individuals who had a social connection to that soup

John lost his wallet. He hopes it is somewhere in his bedroom. He has searched for it but the room is so messy he hasn't found it and can't be sure it is there. If John stops leaving his room in a mess in the future, then losing his wallet has functioned as a

negative punishment.

Larry is a chain smoker who just flew 10 hours straight from Honolulu to Sydney, Australia. When he gets off the plane, he lights up as soon as he finds a smoking area so his terrible cravings will disappear. In this example, smoking is a _____ ______

negative reinforcer, reinforcement

Molly lives in the desert but wants to be a surfer. Her father promised her that if she gets straight A's on her next report card, the family will vacation on the coast and she can learn to surf. If Molly gets straight A's on her next report card, then the surfing vacation has functioned as a _____ _____

positive reinforcement

Laura watched a public service announcement to curb smoking in which a young boy describes how his mother died from lung cancer after smoking for 20 years. In this example the unconditioned response would be

sadness regarding a mother's death.

The reemergence of an extinguished conditioned response after a period of rest and no further conditioning is called ________.

spontaneous recovery

The reemergence of an extinguished conditioned response after a period of rest and no further conditioning is called

spontaneous recovery.

Bella was bitten by a huge calico cat when she was young. When she grew up, Bella developed a fear of not just calico cats but of all cats, and she refuses to go near them. The fact that Bella now avoids all cats is an example of which of the following?

stimulus generalization

Positive reinforcement ________ and negative reinforcement

strengthens behavior by adding a stimulus; strengthens behavior by removing a stimulus.

Jillian's smiling at the cute babies is a(n)

unconditioned response.