Psych. of Adolescence Ch. 8

Which of the following is one of the characteristics that distinguish between the adolescents's and the child's self-concept?

A) Adolescents tend to view the self as involving more dimensions than do children. B) Adolescents distinguish among actual, ideal, and feared selves. C) The adolescent's self varies over time and across situations. *D) all of the above* *(answer)*

As used in the study of adolescence, the term intimacy refers to an emotional attachment between two people that is characterized by all of the following, *except*:

A) concern for each other's well-being. *B) a sexual and/or physical relationship* (answer) C) a willingness to disclose private, sometimes sensitive, information. D) sharing common interests and activities.

Tim and Carol are upset because they recently discovered that their 13-year-old daughter has already engaged in sexual intercourse. What other types of problems is their daughter likely to have?

A) drug and alcohol problems B) low interest in academics C) tolerance of deviant behavior *D) All of the above* (answer)

According to the textbook, having race as a central part of one's identity has the following impact(s) on adolescent development.

A) it makes adolescents more sensitive to discrimination B) it allows adolescents to be more able to cope with discrimination *C) A and B are both true* (answer) D) none of the above are true

Optimal social development during adolescence most likely requires healthy relationships with:

A) parents B) peers C) important non-parental adults *D) both A and B are correct* (answer)

The textbook states all of the following to explain why the development of intimacy is especially important in adolescence, *except*:

A) truly intimate relationships do not emerge until adolescence. B) the nature of the adolescent's social world changes, with increasing importance of both same sex and opposite sex peers. C) growth of social cognition reflects more sophisticated conceptions of social relationships. *D) friendships transform being self-conscious to being more activity oriented* (answer)

Compared with studies conducted in the mid-1990s:

A. adolescents today are engaging in sexual intercourse at an earlier age. B. fewer adolescents today are engaging in sexual intercourse. C. regional and ethnic variations make it difficult to generalize about an average age for sexual intercourse for American adolescents. *D. All of the above* (answer)

Between middle and late adolescence, individuals become:

A. more likely to consider both the risks and benefits associated with a decision. B. more likely to weigh the long-term consequences of their choices. C. more likely to control their impulses. *D. All of the above are true.* (answer)

Which of the following statements about adolescents' level and degree of interaction with parents is *true*?

Adolescents interact more with their mother.

Who would argue that the physical changes of puberty cause substantial disruption and conflict inside the family system?

Anna Freud

Which statement about autonomy in adolescence is *false*?

Autonomy is closely related to adolescent rebellion.

Which of the following individuals would be considered to be in an identity moratorium state?

Brandon, who is in the midst of a period of exploration

Which of the following is a reason that "identity development" is an adolescent issue?

Changes take place during adolescence that cause young people to change how they view and feel about themselves.

Which statement about conformity to peers is *most true*?

Conformity is higher during early and middle adolescence than later adolescence, especially when the behavior in question is antisocial.

Based on findings from research studies, compared to older adolescents (15 years and older) and preadolescents (8- to 11-year-olds), which of the following statements about young adolescents' self-esteem, self-consciousness, and self-image is *false*?

Early adolescents' self-esteem remains stable.

What is the immigrant paradox?

Foreign-born and first-generation ethnic minority youth perform better in school and are less likely to be involved in delinquent behavior or have physical, emotional, and behavioral problems than adolescents from the same ethnic group whose parents were born in America.

According to research presented in the textbook, the expression of intimacy is more advanced among adolescent girls than among boys. What is a consequence of this advanced intimacy?

Girls' mental health compared to that of boys' is more positively affected when things are going well in relationships but more negatively affected when things are going poorly in relationships.

Whose research supports Erikson's theory on identity development?

Marcia

The dominant perspective of moral development is grounded in _____ theory.

Piaget's cognitive

Which of the following statements about sexual orientation in adolescence is *false*?

Researchers have been able to identify consistent predictors for adolescents who will later identify themselves as gay, lesbian, or bisexual

The textbook lists all of the following as reasons why sexuality in adolescence is a particularly important period during the life cycle, *except*:

adolescence is the time when erotic feelings first emerge

One study that used brain-imaging techniques to investigate adolescents' neural responses to rejection while playing an online game called "Cyberball" found that:

adolescents high in rejection sensitivity show a different pattern of brain activity in response to exclusion and are more likely to develop symptoms of depression.

Research addressing difficult social situations related to adolescents' transitions into romantic relationships found _____ to be among the most frequently mentioned themes.

communicating with the opposite sex

Mark says to his friends, "You know, sometimes my Dad is wrong and I tell him so and I give him my opinion. I didn't use to do that when I was younger—I used to think that everything he said was right." Mark is demonstrating:

deidealization of parents.

Research assessing the link between infant attachment and the quality of interpersonal relationships in adolescence and young adulthood finds:

early relationships have some effect on later interpersonal relationships.

As Barbara moves into adolescence, her relationship with her mother and father changes. She is becoming less dependent on them and more dependent on herself. She also realizes that her parents are not always right. Which type of autonomy is Barbara expressing?

emotional autonomy

The most common reasons that adolescents give for abstaining from sex are:

fear of disease and fear of pregnancy.

Which of the following statements concerning sexual-minority (LGBT) youth is *false*?

for sexual-minority youth, development of close, nonsexual friendships with same-sex peers may be hampered by their peers' homophobia

Research suggests that adolescents _________ are the most likely to be susceptible to peer pressure.

from families in which parents are strict and make decisions for their adolescents

Adolescents improve their ability and tendency to consider the long-term consequences of their decisions, which is one aspect of:

future orientation

One's sense of oneself as male, female, or transgender is called...

gender identity

According to Erickson, the major crisis of adolescence is called:

identity versus identity diffusion

Adolescents are most likely to behave _______ in romantic situations and with a classmate, and they are least likely to engage in ______ behavior with close friends.

inauthentically; false-self behavior

Sullivan emphasized the social aspects of growth, suggesting that psychological development can be best understood when looked at in:

interpersonal terms.

Racial socialization, the process by which parents teach children about their ethnic identity and the experiences they may encounter within society as a result of this identity, is thought to focus on three major themes. Which of the following is not one of these themes?

intolerance of the majority culture

Current research suggests that sexual intercourse during the high school years:

is part of the normative experience of adolescence in America

Researchers have found that with respect to reporting their sexual activity:

males tend to overstate their level of activity.

In contrast to delinquent individuals who engage in sex in a romantic relationship, at least one research study found that delinquent adolescents who engage in casual sex:

may have genes that influence both the propensity to engage in delinquency and the tendency to seek opportunities to have sex "just for fun," which is consistent with other research on the genetic basis of traits like sensation seeking and impulsivity.

Research assessing parent-adolescent communication about sex has found all of the following, *except*:

parent-adolescent communication about sex significantly lowers adolescents' likelihood of being sexually active

Research studies have generally indicated that the extent to which parents grant their children autonomy depends on the constellation of sons and daughters in the home and:

parents' attitudes toward sex roles.

What does the Five-Factor Model describe?

personality dimensions

According to Kohlberg, at which level of moral reasoning would someone who saw society's rules and conventions as relative and subjective be at?

postconventional

Which of the following parenting behaviors encourages healthy adolescent development and behavior?

providing a family environment that is characterized by close family relationships

Which of the following events have researchers suggested is one of the most important triggers of the individuation process?

puberty

Adolescents behave in a variety of ways within dating relationships that are usually shaped by

scripts that are learned at home and from the mass media

Temperament and personality tend to become _______ as we ______.

stable; as we get older

Dr. Diamond conducts an interview with a patient in order to assess the history of the patient's attachment relationships. What method would Dr. Diamond use?

the Adult Attachment Interview

For adolescent girls, which of the following is the most important factor in determining the onset of sexual intercourse?

the attitudes of friends toward sexual activity

In Sullivan's view, the shift in the "targets" of intimacy during early adolescence from same-sex to other-sex relationships is primarily motivated by:

the emergence of sexuality and a biologically based sex drive.

According to Kohlberg's theory, the most important thing is:

the reasoning behind an individual's response

As compared with females whose first intercourse occurs after age 18, those who engage in sexual intercourse at a younger age are likely to report that:

their first sexual experience was involuntary

Which of the following statements about intimate friendships for youth adolescent girls *is not true*?

their friendships, on average, last longer than boys' do