psych practice quiz chapter 9 learning

The cognitive view of classical conditioning maintains that: 1.the conditioning process provides the organism with predictive information about the relationship between stimuli. 2.lower order animals like dogs do not have the capability to form mental representations. 3.conditioning works best if the neutral stimulus comes after the unconditioned stimulus. 4.conditioning works best if the neutral stimulus comes after the conditioned stimulus. 5. Pavlov was a hopeless romantic.

1. the conditioning process provides the organism with predictive information about the relationship between stimuli

Pavlov's dog Rex drooled heavily at the sight of a blue dog food bowl. Pavlov used extinction to stop the salivating. Two weeks later, however, Rex began to salivate again at the sight of the blue bowl. This is an example of: 1.Blue bowl fetish. 2. stimulus generalization. 3. spontaneous recovery. 4. stimulus discrimination.

3. spontaneous recovery

In basic classical conditioning, learning occurs when a neutral stimulus is paired with a(an) _______. The neutral stimulus becomes a ___________ which can elicit a conditioned response. 1.hostile stimulus; friendly stimulus. 2.conditioned stimulus; unconditioned stimulus. 3.unconditioned response; unconditioned stimulus. 4. unconditioned stimulus; conditioned stimulus.

4. unconditioned stimulus; conditioned stimulus

When it comes to media violence, what do the authors conclude? observing violence increases violence in some people. although the number of violent video games increased during the 1990's, the rate of teenage violence went down. both a + b. psychologists support censorship to help deal with rising rates of violence in our society.

a & b

Higher-order classical conditioning occurs when an unconditioned stimulus is paired with an unconditioned response. a conditioned response is paired with an unconditioned response. a new neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus by association with an already established conditioned stimulus. using higher mental processes, the organism can now produce different responses to different stimuli. all of the above.

a new neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus by association with an already establish conditioned stimulus

According to the text, which of the following is(are) reason(s) why punishment is ineffective? people often respond to punishment with rage. the effect may only be temporary. punishment may be seen as attention getting. all of the above

all of the above

Compared to conditioning models of learning, social-cognitive theories: emphasize the importance of specifying behavioral antecedents and consequences which behaviorists underemphasize. dismiss environment and behavior as important elements in learning. emphasize cognitive processes such as perceptions and interpretation of events. none of the above.

emphasize cognitive processes such as perceptions and interpretation of events

Money, praise, or gold stars would be considered: extrinsic reinforcers. intrinsic reinforcers. primary reinforcers. didn't we just get the same question earlier?

extrinsic reinforcers

Which of the following would not be considered a secondary reinforcer? money. money. praise. food. gold stars.

food

Mark McGrunt, star hitter for the semipro "Skinnerian Sluggers" baseball team, has the annoying habit of spitting three times before he steps into the batter's box. What most likely accounts for this peculiar superstitious behavior? Mark's been hanging around Pavlov's dogs too much in the off-season. he is applying stimulus control to set the occasion for reinforcement to occur. it is likely the result of coincidental, intermittent reinforcement. stimulus generalization.

it is likely the result of coincidental, intermittent reinforcement

Developing a "mental representation" is best associated with which of the following types of learning? classical conditioning. latent learning. operant conditioning. counterconditioning.

latent learning

latent learning

learning that remains hidden until its application becomes useful

What is the difference between positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement? positive reinforcement increases the response; negative reinforcement decreases the response positive reinforcement uses rewards, negative reinforcement uses punishment. a+b. positive reinforcement adds a pleasant stimulus to increase the response; negative reinforcement removes an unpleasant stimulus to increase the response. the words positive and negative.

positive reinforcement adds a pleasant stimulus to increase the response; negative reinforcement removes an unpleasant stimulus to increase the response

The process of reinforcing successive approximations (series of rewards) of desired responses is called: stimulus control. shaping. discriminative stimulus. intermittent schedule of reinforcement.

shaping

Which of the principles of classical conditioning best explains Juan's following reaction? After a traffic accident in which Juan was riding in a red car, the sight of any red car made him fearful (_______________). Cars of other colors did not bother him at all (____________________). spontaneous recovery; extinction. spontaneous recovery; systematic desensitization. stimulus generalization; stimulus discrimination. stimulus discrimination ; stimulus generalization.

stimulus generalization; stimulus discrimination

Mary became violently ill with stomach flu a few hours after eating a tuna sandwhich. Although the sandwich had nothing to do with her illness, Mary would become nauseated every time she saw a tuna sandwich Which of the following accounts for Mary's dislike of tuna sandwiches? the tuna was an unconditioned stimulus for nausea. the tuna became a secondary negative reinforcer. the tuna became an unconditioned response. the tuna became a conditioned stimulus for nausea.

the tuna became a conditioned stimulus for nausea