Psych Quiz 1

strength and direction of association between two variables.

A correlation coefficient is a statistic that tells the

scores on an aggressive behavior survey

A researcher conducts an experiment to test the effects of playing violent video games on aggression. Which of the following could be the dependent variable in this example?

correlational research

Aaron wants to study the association between sleep deprivation and the number of hours spent on a computer every day. He is not keen to establish causation, but would like to determine whether and how the increase or decrease in one variable is related to the increase or decrease in the other variable. Which of the following research methods is likely to be most effective for Aaron's study?

humanistic

Abe and Carl are psychologists who believe that people have free will and can make choices based on higher human values. Abe and Carl's views reflect the ________ approach to psychology.

cognitive

According to ________ psychologists, your brain houses a "mind" whose mental processes allow you to remember, make decisions, plan, set goals, and be creative.

human behavior is traceable to problems early humans faced in adapting to their environments.

According to evolutionary psychologists,

informed consent

According to the principle of ________, all participants must know what their participation will involve and what risks might develop.

hypothesis

Allie has developed a theory concerning test grades of high school students. She believes that there is a strong causal relationship between students' frequency of study and their grades in school. In the context of psychology's scientific method, to test her theory, Allie would first have to state a

sociocultural

Dr. Badal, a psychologist, is studying achievement motivation among groups of African American, Latino, and Asian American people. In this scenario, Dr. Badal is most likely practicing the ________ approach to psychology.

case study

Dr. Okawa is interested in studying the effect that neurological trauma can have on short-term memory. Firstly, he collects detailed information from a small number of individuals who have experienced brain damage. Using information provided by medical records, interviews, and observations, he attempts to create an in-depth portrait of each individual. What type of research method was used in this study?

the experimental method

Dr. Steinguard wants to demonstrate a cause-and-effect relationship between stress and memory. Which of the following research methods should he use?

naturalistic observation

Emma, a psychologist, wants to study the relationship that exists among college girls who stay in hostels. She disguises herself as a college student and shares a dorm with some girls for a month. During her stay, she observes their various behaviors and makes notes when the girls are fast asleep. Which of the following is best exemplified in this scenario?

independent, dependent

In an experiment, the ________ is conceptualized as the "potential cause" and the ________ is conceptualized as the "resulting effect."

independent variable; dependent variable

In experimental research, the ________ is a manipulated experimental factor, and the ________ is the outcome.

experiments

In the context of psychological research methods, which of the following refers to a carefully regulated procedure in which the researcher manipulates one or more variables that are believed to influence some other variable?

Dr. Frank asks people how many hours of television they watch per week.

In the context of psychological research methods, which of the following scenarios is an example of the survey method?

evolutionary approach

In the country of Calibria, men prefer to date women with wide hips because they believe that these women are able to reproduce better. This scenario most likely illustrates the ________ to psychology.

confidentiality

Inmates at a correctional facility take part in an experiment on social development. Once the experiment is over, the correctional officer goes home and tells his roommates about the results of the study and about the inmates who did not perform well. In this scenario, which ethical guideline of psychological research has been violated by the correctional officer?

psychology should focus on an organism's visible interactions with the environment—that is, behaviors.

J. B. Watson and B. F. Skinner believed that

biological

Neuroscience studies are based on the ________ approaches to psychology.

room color

Professor Stenson is examining the effects of color on patients' anxiety levels. She randomly assigns patients to either a room painted white or a room painted black, and then she records their blood pressure. In this case, the independent variable is the

biological

Psychologists who adopt a(n) ________ approach examine behavior and mental processes by focusing on the body, especially the brain and nervous system.

mental processes, whereas the humanistic approach states that humans are driven by free will.

The humanistic approach to psychology and the behavioral approach to psychology differ in that the behavioral approach states that humans are driven by

psychodynamic approach

Which approach to psychology emphasizes unconscious thought?

objectivity

Which of the following goals of science does the empirical method best fulfill?

They fail to establish a clear causal relationship between variables.

Which of the following is a potential problem of using correlational studies in psychological research?

A laboratory is a controlled setting with many of the complex factors of the real world removed.

Which of the following is an advantage of conducting psychological research in a laboratory?

two people holding hands in a park

Which of the following is an example of behavior?

observing some phenomenon in the world

Which of the following is the first step in the scientific method?

They stress that people have the ability to control their lives and are not simply controlled by the environment.

Which of the following statements is true of humanistic psychologists?

functionalism

William James, a prominent American psychologist and philosopher, focused on human interactions with the outside world to understand the purpose of thoughts. His view is known as

A longitudinal design

________ is defined as a special kind of systematic observation, used by correlational researchers, that involves obtaining measures of the variables of interest in multiple waves over time.

Wilhelm Wundt

________ is most often regarded the "founding father" of modern psychology.

random assignment

________ refers to researchers' assignment of participants to groups by chance, to reduce the likelihood that an experiment's results will be due to preexisting differences between groups.