psych quiz ch 9- development

________ is a long-standing connection or bond with others. a. security b. nourishment c. regard d. attachment

attachment

Marcy is 15 months old, and her father is insensitive and inattentive her needs. Marcy reacts to him the same way she reacts to a stranger—she doesn't care if he leaves the room and when he returns she is slow to notice or react. What kind of attachment is this? a. avoidant b. resistant c. disorganized d. secure

avoidant

________ development involves learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity. a. artistic b. psychosocial c. emotional d. cognitive

cognitive

________ are concepts (mental models) that are used to help us categorize and interpret information. a. categories b. schemata c. cognitions d. facsimiles

schemata

During Jean Piaget's ________ stage, the world is experienced through senses and actions. a. preoperational b. concrete operational c. sensorimotor d. formal operational

sensorimotor

A ________ is any environmental agent—biological, chemical, or physical—that causes damage. a. contaminant b. mutagen c. teratogen d. zygote

teratogen

Who developed the psychosocial theory of development? a. Lawrence Kohlberg b. Erik Erikson c. Jean Piaget d. Abraham Maslow

Erik Erikson

Stage theories hold that the sequence of development is ________. a. related to language acquisition b. universal c. dramatic d. culturally specific

universal

What does nature refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate? a. cognitive capacity b. environment and culture c. genes and biology d. language acquisition

genes and biology

What does nurture refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate? a. sexual preference b. environment and culture c. biology d. genetics

environment and culture

Adolescents (ages 12-18) experiment with and develop a sense of who they are and what roles they want to play. What is the primary developmental task of this stage? a. isolation vs. intimacy b. trust vs. mistrust c. identity vs. confusion d. generativity vs. stagnation

identity vs. confusion

According to attachment theory, which of the following is not needed for healthy attachment? a. Caregiver must be responsive to a child's emotional needs. b. Caregiver and child must engage in mutually enjoyable interactions. c. Caregiver must be responsive to a child's physical needs. d. Caregiver must be responsive to a child's food preferences.

Caregiver must be responsive to a child's food preferences.

Which of the following illustrates conservation? a. Deirdre believes that five pennies have more value than two nickels. b. Rebekah recycles her glass bottles but not her cell phone batteries. c. Scott knows that one piece of pizza cut into two slices is the same amount as cutting the same piece of pizza into three slices. d. Joseph saves his energy by brushing his teeth in the shower.

Scott knows that one piece of pizza cut into two slices is the same amount as cutting the same piece of pizza into three slices.

Theorists who view development as ________ believe that development takes place in unique stages. a. discontinuous b. regressive c. progressive d. continuous

discontinuous

Madeline is seven months old. Her mother is eating a cookie and Madeline wants some. Her mother hides the cookie under a napkin, but Madeline is not fooled. She knows the cookie is still there. What does this exemplify? a. object permanence b. egocentrism c. stranger anxiety d. reversibility

a. object permanence

Which term refers to the adjustment of a schema by adding information similar to what is already known? a. egocentrism b. conservation c. reversibility d. assimilation

assimilation

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? The zygote is a structure connected to the uterus that provides nourishment and oxygen from the mother to the developing embryo via the umbilical cord. a. The word "uterus" should be changed to the word "fetus." b. The word "zygote" should be changed to the word "placenta." c. The word "embryo" should be changed to the word "germinal." d. The phrase "the umbilical cord" should be changed to the word "mitosis."

The word "zygote" should be changed to the word "placenta."

Children in the ________ stage can use abstract thinking to problem solve, look at alternative solutions, and test these solutions. a. sensorimotor b. formal operational c. pre-operational d. concrete operational

formal operational

After age 65, most people are attempting to assess their lives and make sense of life and the meaning of their contributions. What is the primary developmental task of this stage? a. initiative vs. guilt b. generativity vs. stagnation c. integrity vs. despair d. identity vs. guilt

integrity vs. despair

The concept conservation refers to ________. a. understanding that objects can be changed and then returned to their original form b. knowing that symbols represent words, images, and ideas c. knowing that even if you change the appearance of something, it is still equal in size as long as nothing has been removed or added d. thinking logically about real (concrete) events

knowing that even if you change the appearance of something, it is still equal in size as long as nothing has been removed or added