Q1: Ch. 2-6 FRANKLIN'S REVIEW
forms of government of city-states of Greece
Oligarchy (??)
fable of the cave
PLATO's notable metaphor for understanding the human experience
Socratic belief
Philosophy should apply to every aspect of a person's life
trends in warfare in the fourth century BCE
a variety of unit types were incorporated including light infantry or cavalry
Christian ritual and practice was varied and not uniform during the second half of the first century CE
according to Paul's letters
Marathon
based on a MYTHOLOGICAL character, Pheidippides, who ran from Marathon to Athens to announce Athens' victory
Greek defeat at Thermopylae
became a model for heroism
Riace statute depicts a warrior
because it has a shield strap on the left arm
trade had a political significance for Athens
because members of the Delian League needed Athens' permission to engage in trade
Julius Caesar and Augustus
both claim they stood for peace because they both started and then won civil wars
bishopric of Rome
claimed that Peter founded it
codex
collection of papyrus bound in a similar way as a modern book
early Christian Eucharist
consisted of the symbolic consumption of the body and blood of Jesus Christ
describes Athens and its economy
cosmopolitan
the way in which Roman society and government excelled, according to Polybius
dedication to state over self (?!?)
Alexander the great as a leader
determined to complete the conquest of all Greece (???)
destruction of the Second Temple of Jerusalem in 70 BCE
dispelled Jews from their land of origin
Ostracism
draws its name from the practice of using pottery fragments as writing material on a ballot; procedure in Athenian politics that gave the members of the Assembly and opportunity each year to vote to expel a citizen they deemed a danger to the state; removed someone who would threaten democracy
the part of Athenian democracy that most likely caused Plato to dislike democracy
emotional appeals won over reason and logic
An emperor who did not maintain the support of the armies
endangered the stability of his rule
Constantine
ended the pattern of poor Roman treatment of Christians
aqueduct
feat of Roman engineering that made clean water possible for urban areas
Christian
first used to describe a follower of Jesus IN THE 60s CE
gladiatorial combats
form of entertainment for both men and women in the city
a method that Alexander used to govern his empire
founded new cities
When Rome became a city
fourth century BCE (???)
satrap
governor of a province in the Persian Empire
polytheistic religion
had more than one god who were not necessarily immortal nor omnipotent
Saul/Paul converted to Christianity
he heard Jesus speak directly to him
Cincinnatus
idealized by romans because he exemplified the disciplined, hard-working farmer-statesman
Eyewitness accounts can be unreliable
if they are recorded a significant amount of time after the event
"Soft power"
important means by which Hellenistic monarchs controlled their subjects by using the religious festivals and scholarship to promote shared culture
Polybius
points out that the Roman government developed not from a set constitution but from trial and error to suit changing needs (as opposed to government in any Greek city-state)
greek word for city-state
polis
what Romans lost as they grew to control a large empire
political freedom
Etruscans
populated the area north and west of Rome
coin designs that would most likely be used to support the emperor
portrait of the emperor
"pyrrhic victory"
results in a net loss for the victor
democratic process in Athens
served as an education for its citizens
How the state managed to equip the army effectively
soldiers were provided a stipend, from which expenses such as equipment were to be purchased
official purpose of the Delian League
supported expeditions to attack the Persians
the most important difference between Judaism and Christianity (according to Paul)
the atonement for sins provided by faith in Jesus
Persepolis
the conquest of this Persian capital gave Alexander the Great access to the entire Persian treaury
284
the emperor Diocletian relinquished the Roman empire's western provinces to co-emperor Maximian
the main reason for the decline of the Roman republic
the growing gap between the rich and the poor
Hellenism
the spread of Greek language and culture
similarity between a Jewish synagogue and a Temple in Jerusalem
the study of the Hebrew Bible took place there
obstacles to Hannibal's invasion strategy
the terrain in northern Spain and northwestern Italy (???)
special power that only tribunes possessed
the veto
similarity between Greek genre of history and literature by Homer and Hesiod
they included genealogy
the responsibility of all citizens of Athens
they must ALL have a responsibility to take part in government
Hannibal
traveled to Italy BY LAND at the start of the Second Punic War
origin stories that Rome had
two
term that Aristotle used to refer to what he perceived to be the negative form of government
tyranny
largest drain on the imperial treasury
warfare
Caesar's action of coursing the Rubicon
was a declaration of war because a Roman commander intending peace would have dissolved his army and command PRIOR TO entering Italy
Punic Wars--Rome versus
Carthaginians
the body of water that the Roman Empire almost entirely surrounded
Mediterranean Sea
Augustus
"father of his country," appointed an official to oversee aqueduct maintenance; accepted the powers of the Tribune of the people without holding the office
Athenian strategy against the Persians at the battle of Marathon in 490 BCE
Athenian hoplites rushed the Persian center, and Athenian soldiers on the wings surrounded the Persian center, forcing the Persians to flee
Pericles
Athenian who was cautious at the start of the Peloponnesian Wars
What Caesar did after he won the civil war
Declared a god
contributed to an increase in slavery in Rome in the second century BCE
Dependence on slaves for a substantial portion of agricultural and domestic labor
Roman republic was established after a successful rebellion against the
Etruscans
martyr
Greek word that literally means witness
how Scipio defeated Hannibal during the Second Punic War
He moved the war to African and left open spaces in his battle array so that the elephant wouldn't confuse his soldiers
Alexander's the Great's battle during which the Persian conquest resulted in an offer of peace by Darius II, king of Persia, which was soon rejected
Issus
Early church might have an image
Jesus Christ as a shepherd (???)
the Roman name for Palestine after they took control
Judaea
"Carthage must be destroyed."-Cato, Roman Senator
Quote that reflects a widespread Roman attitude toward Carthage following the Secon Punic War
the trend of recruitment in the Roman army
Roman legions drew recruits at first from Italy; then by the end of the third century recruitment broadened so that it drew primarily from the provinces
Bread and circuses
Roman social policy that was criticized
forum
Roman term for marketplace
Paul's name prior to his conersion
Saul
Nero
persecuted Christians and was blamed for setting fire to Rome
way in which historians handle the legends of Rome's origin and its monarchy
They do not contain any historical fact, but they should be studied because they reflect values important to the Roman elite
Gladiators
included both slaves and trained professionals
Archaeological evidence
indicates that several different ethnic groups lived in Rome by the sixth century BCE
the manner in which Jesus was executed (crucifixion)
indicates that the Romans were responsible for Jesus's death
Jesus's movement grew from a small group because
it appealed to a wide range of individuals
The reason Athenian democracy included broad participation by the citizenry
it ensured that Athens was governed by as wide a representation of its citizens as possible
the difference between Christianity and earlier religions
it had a broad appeal
why Paul might have preferred the codex over other ways of preserving writings
it was more portable and durable
meaning of the beatitudes
mercy and sympathy for the poor and helpless
Pax Romana
notable because there was urban growth throughout the Roman empire
Hadrian
one of the "Five Good Emperors" who built the Pantheon
Latins
one of the groups that founded Rome
Romulus
one of the origin stories that Romans believed was suckled by a she-wolf
Pantheon
owes its existence to Rome's pioneering use of conrete
Roman architecture
was adapted from the Etruscans
Paul's letters
written first; they are the earliest Christian texts