psych test 2

The idea that sleeping at night kept our ancestors out of danger supports which theory of why we need sleep?

Sleep protects

Increased activity in the ________ during REM sleep may best explain why dream images are often accompanied by a strong emotional tone

amygdala

The school of thought in psychology that turned away from the study of consciousness during the first half of the last century was

behaviorism

Depressants are drugs that

calm neural activity and slow body functions

Dr. Austin's research is focused on the coordinated brain activity that enables a person to hear and understand words spoken by another person. Dr. Austin is a(n)

cognitive neuroscience

Chris piled six bricks one on top of another. When his brother knocked the pile over and the bricks separately dropped to the floor, Chris knew that there were still six bricks. This indicates that Chris has reached the ________ stage of development.

concrete operational

By paying attention to her long-term goal of becoming a doctor, Maria makes sure that she applies herself to all class assignments, no matter how difficult. This best illustrates the adaptive value of

consciousness

The ability to think logically about hypothetical situations is indicative of Piaget's ________ stage of development

conventional

Which of the following is NOT a known consequence of sleep deprivation?

decreased blood pressure

Theories of human development have been most susceptible to criticism for overemphasizing

discrete age-linked stages

People generally assume that they will change very little as they get older, while recognizing how they have already changed. This demonstrates the

end of history illusion

Narcolepsy is a disorder in which a person

experiences uncontrollable attacks of overwhelming sleepiness

The Harlows' infant monkeys used an artificial cloth mother as a secure base for

exploration

Seventeen-year-old Dion does not agree with his parents' values but has questions about his friends' values as well. According to Erikson, Dion's confusion about what he values in life suggests that he is struggling with the issue of

identity

Psychoactive drugs work at the brain's synapses, stimulating, mimicking, or ________ the activity of neurotransmitters

inhibiting

As Alane recalled her dream, she was walking in the park when a tall, handsome man approached her; suddenly the scene shifted and the man disappeared. According to Freud, Alane's account represents the ________ content of her dream.

manifest

The understanding that biological, psychological, and social-cultural forces interact in development supports which major issue in developmental psychology?

nature and nurture

The change in brain chemistry that offsets the effects of a psychoactive drug is called

neuroadaptation

Morphine and heroin are

opioids

REM sleep is called paradoxical sleep because

our body is internally aroused, while our muscles are relaxed and hardly move

If children cannot grasp the principle of conservation, they are unable to

recognize that the quantity of a substance remains the same despite changes in its shape

While focused on studying for his psychology course, Juan isn't easily distracted by the music his sister is playing or his parents' conversation in the kitchen. This best illustrates

selective attention

Multiplying two numbers by consciously focusing on and solving each step in the process in sequence best illustrates

sequential processing

In the strange situation experiment, toddlers with an anxious attachment to their mothers were most likely to

show relief when their mothers momentarily departed from them

Mr. Glenday repeatedly stops breathing while asleep. It is most likely that Mr. Glenday suffers from

sleep apnea

When Sanela's alarm went off this morning, she turned it off and briefly returned to sleep. When she woke up, she felt drowsy, but a cup of coffee helped her feel more alert. At work, she spent the morning in a focused flow state, but became distracted and began daydreaming after lunch. In the evening, she meditated for half an hour before going to bed. Sanela's activities throughout the day represent different

states of consciousness

Beginning by about 8 months, children are more likely to react to unfamiliar people by crying and reaching for a parent or caregiver

stranger anxiety

The need to take larger and larger doses of a drug in order to experience its effects is an indication of

tolerance

Psychologists try to avoid using addiction to label certain behaviors, such as excessive eating, because these behaviors

while excessive, are driven

Of the following people, who will be LESS likely to resist temptation to the sight of food?

Margo, who has not gotten enough sleep the past few days