psych test 2
The idea that sleeping at night kept our ancestors out of danger supports which theory of why we need sleep?
Sleep protects
Increased activity in the ________ during REM sleep may best explain why dream images are often accompanied by a strong emotional tone
amygdala
The school of thought in psychology that turned away from the study of consciousness during the first half of the last century was
behaviorism
Depressants are drugs that
calm neural activity and slow body functions
Dr. Austin's research is focused on the coordinated brain activity that enables a person to hear and understand words spoken by another person. Dr. Austin is a(n)
cognitive neuroscience
Chris piled six bricks one on top of another. When his brother knocked the pile over and the bricks separately dropped to the floor, Chris knew that there were still six bricks. This indicates that Chris has reached the ________ stage of development.
concrete operational
By paying attention to her long-term goal of becoming a doctor, Maria makes sure that she applies herself to all class assignments, no matter how difficult. This best illustrates the adaptive value of
consciousness
The ability to think logically about hypothetical situations is indicative of Piaget's ________ stage of development
conventional
Which of the following is NOT a known consequence of sleep deprivation?
decreased blood pressure
Theories of human development have been most susceptible to criticism for overemphasizing
discrete age-linked stages
People generally assume that they will change very little as they get older, while recognizing how they have already changed. This demonstrates the
end of history illusion
Narcolepsy is a disorder in which a person
experiences uncontrollable attacks of overwhelming sleepiness
The Harlows' infant monkeys used an artificial cloth mother as a secure base for
exploration
Seventeen-year-old Dion does not agree with his parents' values but has questions about his friends' values as well. According to Erikson, Dion's confusion about what he values in life suggests that he is struggling with the issue of
identity
Psychoactive drugs work at the brain's synapses, stimulating, mimicking, or ________ the activity of neurotransmitters
inhibiting
As Alane recalled her dream, she was walking in the park when a tall, handsome man approached her; suddenly the scene shifted and the man disappeared. According to Freud, Alane's account represents the ________ content of her dream.
manifest
The understanding that biological, psychological, and social-cultural forces interact in development supports which major issue in developmental psychology?
nature and nurture
The change in brain chemistry that offsets the effects of a psychoactive drug is called
neuroadaptation
Morphine and heroin are
opioids
REM sleep is called paradoxical sleep because
our body is internally aroused, while our muscles are relaxed and hardly move
If children cannot grasp the principle of conservation, they are unable to
recognize that the quantity of a substance remains the same despite changes in its shape
While focused on studying for his psychology course, Juan isn't easily distracted by the music his sister is playing or his parents' conversation in the kitchen. This best illustrates
selective attention
Multiplying two numbers by consciously focusing on and solving each step in the process in sequence best illustrates
sequential processing
In the strange situation experiment, toddlers with an anxious attachment to their mothers were most likely to
show relief when their mothers momentarily departed from them
Mr. Glenday repeatedly stops breathing while asleep. It is most likely that Mr. Glenday suffers from
sleep apnea
When Sanela's alarm went off this morning, she turned it off and briefly returned to sleep. When she woke up, she felt drowsy, but a cup of coffee helped her feel more alert. At work, she spent the morning in a focused flow state, but became distracted and began daydreaming after lunch. In the evening, she meditated for half an hour before going to bed. Sanela's activities throughout the day represent different
states of consciousness
Beginning by about 8 months, children are more likely to react to unfamiliar people by crying and reaching for a parent or caregiver
stranger anxiety
The need to take larger and larger doses of a drug in order to experience its effects is an indication of
tolerance
Psychologists try to avoid using addiction to label certain behaviors, such as excessive eating, because these behaviors
while excessive, are driven
Of the following people, who will be LESS likely to resist temptation to the sight of food?
Margo, who has not gotten enough sleep the past few days