Psych Test 5

The field of psychoneuroimmunology is concerned with: a) Thoughts and feelings b) The brain c) The endocrine system d) All of the above

d) All of the above

With regard to emotions, Darwin believed that: a) The expression of emotions helped our ancestors to survive. b) All humans express basic emotions using similar facial expressions c) Human facial expressions of emotion retain elements of animal's emotional displays d) All of the above are true. e) None of the above are true

d) All of the above are true

True or False. A vulnerable narcissist is someone who is over-confident, extraverted, high in self-esteem, dominant, attention seeking and interpersonally skilled and charming

false

True or False. Adoption studies do not confirm a genetic link in the development of schizophrenia

false

True or False. Depression can be caused by high levels of norepinephrine and serotonin

false

True or False. Extrinsic goals are such things as community feeling, affiliation, spirituality and self-acceptance

false

True or False. Intrinsic goals are such things as money, image, and fame

false

True or False. One fundamental objection to the DSM is that the labels of mental illness are objective

false

True or False. Recent studies demonstrate that religious involvement does not predict health and longevity.

false

True or False. Self-esteem is positively correlated with good grades

false

True or False. The belief that you should buy it now and use credit began with the GI generation

false

True or False. The narcissist who is NOT distressed by their narcissism would be diagnosed with NPD (narcissistic personality disorder)

false

According to the James-Lange theory, motional states ______________________(precede or follow) bodily responses

follow

Optimistic students tend to get better ________________________ (snacks; grades; rooms; friends)

grades

The classic narcissist in the workplace, especially at the CEO level, is likely a ____________________ (grandiose or vulnerable) narcissist

grandiose

On the Big Five personality test narcissists score _____________________ (high or low) on extraversion and ________________ (high or low) on agreeableness

high; low

Vulnerability to eating disorders ________________________ (increases or decreases) with greater body dissatisfaction

increases

With each new generation, the rate of depression is ________________(increasing or decreasing) and the disorder is occurring _________________ (earlieror later) than in previous generations

increasing; earlier

KGOY means:_____________ _____________ ___________ ________________ and it characterizes generation ______________

kids growing older younger; Z

Compared with men, women are _________________________ (more or less) vulnerable to major depression

more

Happy people are (more or less) __________________ willing to help others than those who are not happy

more

Research has shown that people who have recently been widowed, fired or divorced are _________________________ (more or no more) vulnerable to illness than other people

more

Brain scans of experienced meditators reveal decreased activity in the (frontal, parietal, temporal or occipital) lobe, but increased activity in the (frontal, parietal, temporal or occipital) lobe

parietal; frontal

When a person has an irrational fear of a specific object, activity or situation, the diagnosis is ___________________________

phobia

After experiencing tragedy or dramatically positive events, people generally (regain or do not regain) near-normal levels of happiness

regain

Studies of adults indicate that in different cultures, facial expressions have the _________________ (same or different) meaning

same

Research shows that _______________________ (one fourth; one half; one third) of adult Americans suffer a clinically significant mental disorder in a given year

one fourth

Most people tend to ______________________________ (underestimate or overestimate) the duration of emotions and ____________________________ (underestimate or overestimate) their resiliency and ability to adapt

overestimate; underestimate

Grandiose narcissists are ______________________ (willing or unwilling) to take criticism

unwilling

To diagnose a personality disorder, what criteria must be met?

1. Significant impairments in self (identity or self-direction) and interpersonal (empathy or intimacy) functioning. 2. One or more pathological personality trait domains or traits. 3. The impairments in personality functioning and the individual's personality trait expression are relatively stable across time and consistent across situations. 4. The impairments are not better understood as normative for the individual's developmental stage or socio-cultural environment. 5. The impairments in are not solely due to the direct physiological effects of a substance (e.g., a drug of abuse, medication) or a general medical condition (e.g., severe head trauma)

Define narcissism as it is defined in the clinical and psychiatric literature:

A personality disorder (NPD) characterized by an enduring and inflexible character structure associated with grandiosity, a lack of empathy and a desire for admiration

Which of these factors has NOT been found to be positively correlated with happiness? a) Age* b) High self-esteem c) Religious faith d) Optimism

a) age

List four characteristics of the Millennial generation:

Falling teen pregnancy rates Omnipresent parents who praised them excessively School safety problems Higher rates of narcissism than preceding generations

List 3 factors that have been shown to be positively linked to feelings of happiness

High self-esteem Satisfying marriage or close friendships Active religious faith Optimistic, out-going and agreeable personality Good sleeping habits and regular exercise Having work and leisure that engage your skills

Domestic terrorism became a part of life in America during which generation?

Millennials

In a given year, which of the following is the most commonly reported of the psychological disorders? a) Depressive disorders b) Schizophrenia c) OCD d) Generalized Anxiety Disorder

a) Depressive disorders

List 3 benefits of being a narcissist

Public performances are not frightening It is linked to assuming leadership positions Narcissists are perceived as charming, self-confident and outgoing

Currently, the most common last name in the U.S. is: ____________________

Rodriguez

Although the cause of eating disorders is still unknown, proposed explanations focus on all of the following EXCEPT: a) Metabolic disorders b) Genetic factors c) Family background factors d) Cultural factors

a) Metabolic disorders

Define self-control.

The ability to control impulses and delay immediate gratification in favor of long-term rewards.

__________________________ (Grandiose or Vulnerable) narcissists are those who might intentionally seek psychotherapy

Vulnerable

The disorder in which a person becomes significantly underweight and yet feels overweight is __________________________

anorexia nervosa

When would you expect that your immune responses would be the weakest? a) During summer vacation b) During exam weeks c) Just after receiving good news d) Immune activity would remain constant during all of the above

b) During exam weeks

A student complains to a psychologist that she has too much stress in her life. The psychologist tells her that the level of stress people experience depends primarily on: a) How many activities on is trying to do at the same time b) How one appraises life events c) One's physical hardiness d) How predictable stressful events are

b) How one appraises life events

Which of the following is NOT true about depression? a) It is more common in women than in men. b) It is not usually preceded by any particular event. c) With each generation, it is occurring earlier. d) Most people recover from depression without therapy

b) It is not usually preceded by any particular event.

When expecting to be electrically shocked, people with an antisocial personality disorder, as compared to those without, show: a) Less fear and greater arousal of the autonomic nervous system b) Less fear and less autonomic arousal c) Greater fear and greater autonomic arousal d) Greater fear and less autonomic arousal

b) Less fear and less autonomic arousal

If a person is easygoing, noncompetitive and is happy in their job and enjoy their leisure time, they are probably classified as: a) Type A b) Type B c) Type D d) There is too little information to tell

b) Type B

Women are generally (better or worse) than men at detecting nonverbal signs of emotion

better

Introverts are ___________________(better or worse) at reading other's emotions; whereas extraverts are themselves (easier or harder) to read

better; easier

The view that all behavior arises from the interaction of heredity and environment is referred to as the _____________________________ (biopsychosocial; psychodynamic; medical; conditioning) approach

biopsychosocial

A white blood cell that matures in the thymus and that attacks cancer cells is: a) A macrophage b) A B lymphocyte c) A T lymphocyte d) Any of these cells

c) A T lymphocyte

Which of the following is NOT true of schizophrenia? a) It occurs more frequently in people born in the spring or winter months b) It occurs less frequently as infectious disease rates have declined c) It occurs more frequently in lightly populated areas d) It usually appears during adolescence or early adulthood

c) It occurs more frequently in lightly populated areas

Current estimates are that an innocent person taking a polygraph test would have been declared guilty approximately ____________________ of the time? a) Three-fourth b) One-half c) One-third d) One-fourth

c) One-third

Many psychologists are opposed to the use of lie detectors because: a) They represent an invasion of a person's privacy and can be used for unethical purposes. b) There are often serious discrepancies among the carious indicators such as perspiration and heart rate. c) Polygraphs cannot distinguish the various possible causes of arousal. d) They are accurate only 50% of the time.

c) Polygraphs cannot distinguish the various possible causes of arousal.

Which division of the nervous system is particularly involved in bringing about emotional arousal? a) Somatic nervous system b) Peripheral nervous system c) Sympathetic nervous system d) Parasympathetic nervous system

c) Sympathetic nervous system

Stress is defined as: a) Unpleasant or aversive events that cannot be controlled b) Situations that threaten health c) The process by which we perceive and respond to challenging or threatening events d) Anything that decreases immune responding

c) The process by which we perceive and respond to challenging or threatening events

The criteria for classifying behavior as a psychologically disorder: a) Varies from culture to culture b) Varies from time period to time period c) Varies by both culture and time period d) Have remained largely unchanged over time

c) Varies by both culture and time period

Robert Zajonc believes that the feeling of emotion _____________________(can or cannot) precede our cognitive labeling of that emotion

can

Learning theorists, drawing on research in which rats are given unpredictable electric shocks, believe that generalized anxiety is associated with the _____________________ (classical or operant) conditioning of fear

classical

Our self-control is _________________(stable or constantly changing)

constantly changing

Comparing the GI generation with Millennials, which of the following statements are true about the Millennials? a) Most mothers of young children work outside the home b) Racial/ethnic prejudice is unfashionable c) 40% of babies are born to unmarried women d) All of the above e) Only a and c

d) All of the above

Mental health workers use the DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual) to: a) Guide medical diagnoses b) Define who is eligible for treatment c) Define who can receive medication d) All of the above

d) All of the above

The addiction model of narcissism conceptualizes narcissism as: a) An addiction to attention b) An addiction to status c) An addiction to positive feedback d) All of the above e) a and c only

d) All of the above

A person who has never been able to keep a job, been in and out of jail for charges such as theft, sexual assault and spousal abuse, would most likely be diagnosed as having: a) A dissociative identity disorder b) Schizotypal personality disorder c) A fugue state d) An antisocial personality

d) An antisocial personality

Expressing anger can be adaptive when you: a) Retaliate immediately b) Have mentally rehearsed all the reasons for your anger c) Count to 10, then blow off steam d) First wait until the anger subsides, the deal with the situation in a civil manner.

d) First wait until the anger subsides, the deal with the situation in a civil manner.

Compared with men, women: a) Have stronger immune systems b) Are less susceptible to infections c) Are more susceptible to self-attacking diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis d) Have all of the above characteristics

d) Have all of the above characteristics

Which of the following was NOT mentioned in the text as a potential health benefit of exercise? a) Increasing the ability to cope with stress b) Lowering blood pressure c) Reduce stress, depression and anxiety d) Improve functioning of the immune system

d) Improve functioning of the immune system

Research suggests that people generally experience the greatest well-being when they strive for: a) Wealth b) Modest income increases from year to year c) Slightly higher status than their friends, neighbors and co-workers d) Intimacy and personal growth

d) Intimacy and personal growth

A student participating in an experiment concerned with physiological responses to emotions reports that her mouth is dry, her heart is racing and she feels flushed. Can the emotion she is experiencing be determined? a) Yes, it is anger b) Yes, it is fear c) Yes, it is ecstasy d) No, it cannot be determined from the information given.

d) No, it cannot be determined from the information given.

Which of the following provides evidence that human fears have been subjected to the evolutionary process? a) Compulsive acts typically exaggerate behaviors that contributed to our ancestors' survival b) Most phobias focus on objects that our ancestors also feared (e.g., spiders and snakes) c) It is easier to condition some fears than others d) All of the above

d) all of the above

You have just transferred to a new campus and are facing a stressful situation. According to the book, which of the following will help you cope with stress? a) Believing that you have some control over your environment b) Having a friend to confide in c) Feeling optimistic that you will eventually adjust to your new surroundings d) All of the above

d) all of the above

Stress can suppress the lymphocyte cells, resulting in a(n)___________________ (increase or decrease) in disease resistance

decrease

Most people suffering from major depression ________________ (do or do not) recover without professional help

do

Studies have found that imitating another person's facial expressions ________________(does or does not) lead to greater empathy with them

does

Studies of identical twins reveals that optimism ____________________ (does or does not) run in families

does

Ever-increasing choice ______________ (does or does not) lead to ever-greater happiness

does not

The brain tissue of schizophrenia patients has an excess of receptors for the neurotransmitter _________________________ (glutamate; glycine; dopamine; serotonin; melatonin)

dopamine

In terms of age of onset, most psychological disorders appear by _____________ (early, middle or late) adulthood

early

Millennials value _______________________________ (extrinsic or intrinsic) achievements more

extrinsic

The emotions are associated with (similar or different) ______________________ forms of physiological arousal. In particular, the emotions of ___________________ and _______________________ are difficult to distinguish physiologically (fear/surprise; anger/surprise; happiness/surprise; disgust/surprise)

similar; fear/surprise

When a person has an intense fear of other people's negative judgments, the diagnosis is ____________________________

social anxiety disorder

Depressive disorders and bipolar disorder ___________________ (tend or do not tend) to run in families

tend

True or False. AIDS begins to spread during the Gen X generation, and is the first lethal infectious disease in the history of any culture on earth which was not subjected to any quarantine

true

True or False. As a personality trait among the normal population, narcissism correlates positively with self-esteem, a desire for uniqueness, and values such as vanity and materialism

true

True or False. Epigenetics is the study of environmental influences on gene expression without a change in DNA

true

True or False. Generation X was raised during the transition to the digital age

true

True or False. Heredity plays a role in schizophrenia

true

True or False. If you ask a narcissist whether they are a narcissist, they are most likely to answer yes

true

True or False. Millennials believe in a "just world"; that is, that people get what they deserve

true

True or False. Mindfulness strengthens connections in regions of the brain associated with attention, processing visual and auditory information and being reflective and aware

true

True or False. Symptoms of mania include euphoria, hyperactivity and a wildly optimistic state

true

True or False. The Baby Boomer generation was known as the "me" generation

true

True or False. The GI Generation believed they saved the world and built a nation

true

True or False. The GI generation believed marriage is for life

true

True or False. The baby boomers were the first divorce generation, where divorce was accepted as a tolerable reality

true

True or False. The families of bulimia patients have a high incidence of childhood obesity

true

True or False. There is more narcissism, positive self-views and self-focus in the younger generations in the U.S. than in previous generations

true

True or False. Valuing extrinsic goals is positively correlated with more or higher symptoms of anxiety and depressive symptoms

true

True or False. Women in the Mature/Silent generation generally stayed home to raise children, and if they worked it was only certain jobs, such as teacher, nurse or secretary

true

True or False: One buffer against the effects of stress is social support

true