psych unit 12/13 test

Inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity are major symptoms of

ADHD

Persuading depressed patients to reverse their catastrophizing beliefs about themselves and their futures is most characteristic of

Beck's cognitive therapy

Kammy vividly imagines being abused by her own mother while her therapist triggers eye movements by waving a finger in front of Kammy's eyes. The therapist is apparently using a technique known as

EMDR

Xanax would most likely be prescribed in order to help

Jerome overcome feelings of nervous apprehension and an inability to relax

Psychotherapy is MOST likely to be effective in freeing

Jim from an excessive fear of giving speeches in public

The disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thought and actions is called a(n)

OCD

The social withdrawal and haunting nightmares of battle-scarred war veterans best illustrate symptoms of

PTSD

Research on anxiety disorders indicates that

Some people are more genetically predisposed than others to develop anxiety disorders

Those with an avoidant personality disorder are most likely to display

a fear of social rejection

Surgically cutting the nerves connecting the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain is called

a lobotomy

The experience of multiple personalities is most likely to be characterized by

a massive dissociation of self from ordinary consciousness

A generalized anxiety disorder is characterized by

a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal.

Meta-analysis refers to

a procedure for statistically combining the results of many different studies

Among schizophrenia patients, the fluid-filled areas of the brain are

abnormally large and the thalamus is abnormally small

When Murli told his therapist, "I came to see what you could do for me," the therapist responded, "It sounds like you're feeling you need some help. Am I right?" The therapist's response illustrates the technique of

active listening

Schizophrenia that develops rapidly, seemingly as a reaction to stress, is called ___ schizophrenia.

acute

One good alternative to antidepressant drugs is

aerobic exercise

Sadie is so fearful of being overwhelmed by anxiety that she rarely steps outside her apartment. The thought of going shopping and getting lost in a crowd terrifies her, so she has her groceries delivered. Because of her fear, she earns her living as a freelance writer, working at home. Sadie's behavior is most characteristic of

agoraphobia

Chiara, a 14-year-old, is of average height but weighs only 80 pounds. She has lost 30 pounds over the last six months by eating very little and running five miles a day. She is determined not to become overweight and ignores her parents' suggestion that she should eat well-balanced meals. Chiara suffers from

anorexia nervosa

Which drugs are designed to depress central nervous system activity?

anti-anxiety

EMDR was originally developed for the treatment of:

anxiety

Two counterconditioning techniques for replacing unwanted responses include

aversive conditioning and exposure therapy

One cluster of personality disorders marked by anxiety is exemplified by the ________ personality disorder.

avoidant

Psychological research on the principles of learning has most directly influenced the development of

behavior therapy

Which of the following therapies is more concerned with removing specific troubling symptoms than with providing special insights into the personality of the client?

behavior therapy

An antisocial personality disorder is most likely to be characterized by

being afraid to interact with people in a social event

A fundamental problem with the diagnostic labeling of psychologically disordered behaviors is that the labels often

bias our perceptions of the labeled person

It is easy to condition but hard to extinguish fears of the types of stimuli that threatened our ancestors. This fact is best explained from a ________ perspective.

biological

Mental health therapies that involve prescribed drugs or other procedures that act directly on a patient's nervous system are

biomedical therapies

After several weeks of feeling apathetic and dissatisfied with his life, Mark has suddenly become extremely cheerful and so talkative he can't be interrupted. He seems to need less sleep and becomes irritated when his friends tell him to slow down. Mark's behavior is indicative of

bipolar disorder

Lithium has been found to be especially effective in the treatment of

bipolar disorder

Which of the following disorders is classified as a mood disorder?

bipolar disorder

Although Mrs. Petrides usually sits passively in a motionless stupor, she sometimes repetitiously shakes her head or waves her arms. She most likely suffers from

catatonia

Schizophrenia that develops gradually over a long period of time is called ___ schizophrenia.

chronic

As infants become mobile and experience falls, they become increasingly afraid of heights. This best illustrates the impact of ________ on fear.

classical conditioning

Which therapeutic specialists are most likely to have received a Ph.D. degree in psychology?

clinical psychologists

Several years after his wife's death, Mr. Stattler remains incapacitated by feelings of guilt and sadness. To reduce Mr. Stattler's depression, a therapist is actively encouraging him to stop blaming himself for not being able to prevent his wife's death. The therapist's approach is most representative of

cognitive therapy

Dr. Jackson reinforces depressed patients for their participation in pleasant activities and trains them to take increasingly more credit for the rewards they gain from engaging in those activities. Dr. Jackson's treatment approach best illustrates

cognitive-behavioral therapy

Freud's efforts to understand and treat psychological disorders stemmed from his puzzlement over ________ disorders.

conversion

Using implanted electrodes to inhibit activity in an area of the brain that triggers negative emotions is called

deep-brain stimulation

Cognitive therapies have achieved especially favorable results in the treatment of

depression

Electroconvulsive therapy has proven to be effective in the treatment of

depression

Generalized anxiety disorder is often accompanied by

depression

Light exposure therapy was developed to relieve symptoms of

depression

Psychiatrists and psychologists label behavior as disordered when it is

deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional

Disruptions in conscious awareness and sense of identity are most characteristic of ________ disorders.

dissociative

Exhibiting two or more distinct and alternating personalities is a symptom of a(n)

dissociative identity disorder

Newer atypical antipsychotics, such as Clozaril, target both

dopamine and serotonin receptors

An important component of psychoanalysis is

dream analysis

The biomedical treatment most widely used today is

drug therapy

Psychopharmacology involves the study of how:

drugs affect mind and behavior

Humanistic therapists are most likely to

emphasize the importance of self-awareness for psychological adjustment

Group therapy is typically more effective than individual therapy for

enabling people to discover that others have problems similar to their own

Bulimia nervosa is characterized by

episodes of overeating followed by vomiting

Transference refers to a client's

expression toward a therapist of feelings linked with earlier life relationships.

DSM-5 focuses on clinicians' reports of observable behavior in order to

facilitate the reliability of a diagnosis

A central therapeutic technique of psychoanalysis is

free association

Seeing one-eyed monsters would be a(n) ________. Believing that you are Christopher Columbus would be a ________.

hallucination; delusion

One cluster of personality disorders marked by dramatic or impulsive behaviors is exemplified by the ________ personality disorder.

histrionic

An adopted child's chances of developing schizophrenia ________ if the biological parents have schizophrenia. The child's chances ________ if the adopted parents have schizophrenia.

increase; do not increase

Cocaine may ___ symptoms of schizophrenia by ___ dopamine levels.

increase; increasing

Although experiencing severely traumatic events may lead to PTSD, it is also likely to lead to

increased personal strength

Personality disorders are best described as

inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning

The psychoanalytic and humanistic therapies are often referred to as

insight therapies

Which form of therapy would most likely help depressed patients by teaching them how to resolve disagreements with their friends?

interpersonal psychotherapy

Cognitive therapy works, top-down, by changing thought processes. Antidepressant drugs work, bottom-up, on the emotion-forming

limbic system

In terms of neurotransmitter levels, depression is associated with

low norepinephrine levels and low serotonin levels

For the last month, Gabrielle has felt lethargic and has been unable to get out of bed in the morning. She has withdrawn from friends and family because she feels worthless and unlovable. Gabrielle is most likely suffering from

major depressive disorder

Psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes are called

mood disorders

As Jordan watches, his brother receives an electric shock from touching the frayed toaster cord. Jordan is now intensely afraid of toasters. This best illustrates that fear can be learned through

observational learning

D-cycloserine helps relieve the symptoms of

obsessive compulsive disorder

Episodes of intense dread that last for several minutes and are accompanied by shortness of breath, trembling, dizziness, or heart palpitations are most characteristic of

panic disorder

One way for people to break the vicious cycle of depression is to

participate more often in activities they consider pleasant and rewarding

Phobias are most likely to be characterized by

persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object or situation

Evidence suggests that ___ contribute(s) to schizophrenia.

prenatal viral infections

positive symptoms of schizophrenia are the ___ of inappropriate behaviors, and negative symptoms are the ___ of appropriate behaviors.

presence; absence

Dr. Miller prescribes drugs for the treatment of chronic depression, and she encourages rest and relaxation training for clients suffering from excessive anxiety. It is most likely that Dr. Miller is a

psychiatrist

Sigmund Freud introduced a form of psychotherapy known as

psychoanalysis

The confrontational cognitive therapy in which therapists challenge people's illogical statements is known as

rational-emotive behavior therapy

Which of the following biomedical treatments provides some of the benefits of ECT without triggering seizures or memory loss?

repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, the rTMS

Stress inoculation training focuses on helping people to

replace negative self talk with more positive comments

Just as Austin began telling his therapist about a painful childhood experience, he complained of a headache and abruptly ended the session. A psychoanalyst would most likely suggest that Austin's behavior is an example of

resistance

One cluster of personality disorders marked by noticeably odd or eccentric behavior is exemplified by the ___ personality disorder.

schizoid

Antipsychotic drugs have proved helpful in the treatment of

schizophrenia

Which group of severe disorders is characterized by disorganized thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and actions?

schizophrenia

Some studies suggest that an anxiety gene affects the brain's level of the neurotransmitter

serotonin

According to the medical model, psychological disorders are

sicknesses that need to be diagnosed and cured

Prozac, Zoloft, and Paxil are called SSRIs because they

slow the normal reabsorption of excess serotonin from synapses

Which perspective has emphasized the impact of learned helplessness on depression?

social-cognitive

A psychological disorder in which the symptoms take a bodily form without apparent physical cause is a

somatoform disorder

Preventive mental health is based on the assumption that psychological disorders result from

stressful social situations

A token economy is to operant conditioning as ___ is to classical conditioning

systematic desensitization

Humanistic therapists are likely to teach clients to

teach clients to take more responsibility for their own feelings and actions

The beneficial consequence of a person's expecting that a treatment will be therapeutic is known as

the placebo effect

A biopsychosocial approach to substance abuse would be most likely to emphasize

the substance abuse is simply a lifestyle choice and not a psychological disorder

Those with narcissistic personality disorder are likely to be preoccupied with

their own self-importance

Compulsions are best described as

things a person must do, to help reed of anxiety

Which drug has provided the most help to schizophrenia patients experiencing auditory hallucinations and paranoia?

thorazine

A therapist who takes an eclectic approach is one who

uses a variety of psychological theories and therapeutic approaches

After discontinuing heavy use of an antianxiety drug, Angela experienced increased anxiety and difficulty sleeping. Angela was experiencing symptoms of

withdrawal