Psych unit 2 part 2

Initially, intelligence quotients were calculated on the basis of a person's mental and chronological ages. Using that approach, a person with a mental age of 12 and an intelligence score of 120 would have a chronological age of

10

A psychologist administered the most recent edition of the Stanford-Binet IQ test to 50 students and their scores are shown in the chart above. How many students earned scores higher than two standard deviations above the mean?

2

According to the formula for an intelligence quotient (IQ), the IQ of a ten-year-old child with a mental age of eight and a half years is which of the following?

85

Which of the following results of correlational studies implies that environment contributes to the determination of IQ?

Correlations for children and their adoptive parents are statistically significant and positive.

Intelligence tests have been used throughout history to purposefully discriminate against groups of people. Claims that minority groups have lower IQ scores because of genetic factors fail to consider which of the following?

IQ test scores are dependent on social factors such as educational opportunity and poverty.

Ms. Ritter is a high school math teacher. She believes that some people are born good at math and others are not. At the beginning of the new school term, she was informed that her incoming class had poor performance on prior standardized tests. Which of the following is a likely outcome for Ms. Ritter and the upcoming school year?

Ms. Ritter will likely see her students' poor test results during the school year as confirmation of her beliefs that math abilities are fixed.

The difficulty many people have recalling the details of common objects such as pennies can best be explained by

a lack of encoding

The concept of g is most accurately defined as which of the following?

a single, underlying intellectual capacity measured by intelligence tests

Which of the following types of test is designed to measure an individual's knowledge of a subject?

achievement

Which of the following refers to the potential of an individual to perform an as-yet-unlearned task?

aptitude

A test that measures a student's potential ability is

aptitude test

Which of the following psychometric properties is used to assess the extent to which the items on an intelligence test measure a person's intelligence?

construct validity

Students in Dr. Milne's Introduction to Psychology class met three times a week in a large, windowless lecture hall. Students had the option of taking their final comprehensive exam in the same lecture hall, or in smaller classroom on the other side of campus. The results from the final exam are depicted in the table. Which of the following memory processes could help explain the differences between these two groups?

context-dependent memory

During English class, Caleb is worried about an unfinished history project he needs to turn in later in the day. While the English teacher and other students discuss a short story the class just read, Caleb's attention is focused on how to finish the history project. The next day he is unable to recall the short story details presented in English class. The recall problem is most likely due to

encoding failure

A research team wanted to measure how smart Chris was. The researchers measured how many math questions Chris got correct on his final exam. This measurement constituted which of the following?

operational definition

The earliest efforts to measure intelligence were directed at which of the following?

predicting children's success in school

People who have difficulty remembering recently learned materials because of similar information learned earlier in life are demonstrating the phenomenon of

proactive interference

Throughout January and the beginning of February, the first two months of a calendar year, Allison writes the previous year as the date on all her assignments instead of the current year. Allison's tendency to write the wrong year on her assignments is most likely due to which of the following?

proactive interference

Corey has a list of things he needs from the grocery store but forgets his list at home. At the store, Corey struggles to remember the items on his list, but when he sees a display of oranges, he remembers that oranges were on his list. This is an example of

recognition

A psychologist develops a new assessment instrument for depression. She gives it to a sample of clients and then, some time later, gives it to the same sample again. What aspect of the assessment is she evaluating?

reliability

If students get approximately the same score on the second administration of a test as they did on the first, then the test is

reliable

A teacher has to learn 170 new student names every year and finds it difficult to remember the names of former students. The teacher's memory problem most likely results from

retroactive interference

Joe's best friend Liz says, "I heard the best joke from my sister" and then proceeds to tell Joe the joke that he had told her last week. Liz is most likely experiencing

source amnesia

In an experiment, either a sad video or a happy video was shown to participants to influence their moods. The participants were then asked to memorize a list of words. Later, the participants were again shown either the same video they had seen before memorizing the words or they were shown the other video, and they were then asked to recall the words they had memorized previously. The results of the experiment, summarized in the chart above, best illustrate which psychological concept?

state-dependent memory

Malik completed a personality test in January, again in May, and once more in September. His three scores were very similar to one another. This similarity suggests that the test has

test-retest reliability

Research on stereotype threat indicates that students might not do as well as they can on a test if

they are informed that people of their ethnicity, age, or gender usually do not perform well on the tests

Metacognition refers to

thinking about thinking

The feeling that you know someone's name, but cannot quite recall it, is an example of

tip of the tongue phenomenon

Which of the following best illustrates the forgetting curve?

Erik studied Italian in college. After he graduated, he went backpacking in Europe, where he realized he had forgotten a lot of Italian. Years later, he went on another trip to Italy and was surprised to discover that he remembered about the same amount of Italian as during his first trip.

Which of the following phenomena describes the finding that intelligence scores increased over several decades?

Flynn effect

Which of the following statements describes the Flynn effect?

Intelligence quotient (IQ) scores in the United States were higher in 2003 than in 1993.

A computer company wants to hire a large group of employees to work in a newly opened branch of the company. The human resources department determines that the most effective way to screen applicants would be the use of intelligence testing. Which of the following is the main reason that the implementation of this screening policy would be inappropriate?

Intelligence tests can be subject to bias.

Ms. Reagan, who is a teacher, agrees more with theories of multiple intelligences than theories about g. Which of the following scenarios would she most agree with?

Ms. Reagan thinks that her students exhibit more than one type of intelligence. For example, she notices her student Noel plays well with others as well as alone.

In legal cases, research on the misinformation effect is most often used to cast doubt on which of the following?

The memory of eyewitnesses

Many participants in a study of memory were led to falsely believe that they were lost in a shopping mall as a young child. What memory construction error was demonstrated by the researchers' ability to create these artificial memories?

misinformation effect