Psych Unit 3
Researchers have reported which of the following regarding suicide?
**Research has shown that all of these facts about suicide are true. European Americans are nearly twice as likely as African Americans to kill themselves. Suicide rates are much higher among people who are wealthy, nonreligious, and unmarried. Women are much more likely than men to attempt suicide.
The symptoms of phobias begin to appear at a median age of about:
10
Adrian Raine studied the brains of violent repeat offenders and found that their brains had _____ frontal lobe tissue than a normal brain. This may help explain why these people exhibit deficits in cognitive functions such as planning, organization, and inhibition.
11 percent less
At some point during their lifetime, depressive disorders have plagued 12 percent of Canadian adults and _____ percent of U.S. adults.
17
The symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder begin to appear at a median age of about:
20
The Center for Disease Control (CDC) recommendation is that women who will be more than _____ month(s) pregnant during the flu season get a flu shot.
3
In one survey, _____ percent of those with social anxiety disorder experienced their disorder after a traumatic event.
58
In a follow-up to his original obedience experiment, Stanley Milgram used 40 new teachers to determine whether participants obeyed because the learners' protests were not convincing. The new teachers complied _____ percent of the time.
65
The percentage of Americans who report suffering from a phobia of a specific object or situation in 2008 was:
8.7
The percentage of Americans who report suffering from a mood disorder in 2008 was:
9.5
According to the text, several studies have shown that _____ percent of business managers and college professors rated their performance as superior to that of their average peer.
90
Brian often interrupts his teacher while she is speaking and frequently forgets to complete his homework assignments. He also has difficulty taking turns in playground games with classmates. Brian most clearly exhibits symptoms of:
ADHD
_____ is characterized by one or more of three key symptoms: extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.
ADHD
_____ programs teach parents to use positive reinforcement rather than punishment to obtain desirable behavior in children.
Aggression-replacement
Steve struggles with feelings of inferiority that in turn drive him to seek superiority and power. The theorist _____ wrote about cases like Steve's condition when discussing the inferiority complex.
Alfred Adler
Dr. Smith is a modern-day researcher on personality who, like many in his field, believes that a shared evolutionary history has shaped some universal dispositions. The theorist most responsible for establishing this belief is _____.
Carl Jung
We tend to feel discomfort when our thoughts are inconsistent with our actions and then act to reduce that discomfort. This is known as the _____ theory.
Cognitive Dissonance
Carl Rogers said, "The only question which matters is, 'Am I living in a way that is deeply satisfying to me?'" Critics of Carl Rogers are likely to object to this statement because:
Critics of Carl Rogers are likely to voice all of these objections.
Mary's husband has been cheating on her for the past several months by having an affair with another woman. While apparent to many of her friends, she is able to explain away evidence of his infidelity. According to Sigmund Freud, which defense mechanism is she using?
Denial
Dr. Cheng studies social influence at a university in China. He is concerned because he is finding that rates of conformity in his experiments are much higher than those reported by his cousin, another social influence researcher who does his research in the United States. Which of the following reasons might account for this difference?
Dr. Cheng is conducting his experiments in a country that prizes collectivism, whereas his cousin is conducting experiments in a country that prizes individualism.
Recent research seems to indicate that high stress and associated stress hormones tend to _____ memory.
Enhance
Gordon Allport was concerned less with _____ individuals than with _____ them.
Explaining, describing
Eight-year-old Jacob picks up a hammer and begins pounding on the board just as his father is hammering nails into the wall. Jacob's actions are best explained by _____.
Identification
The humanistic perspective has been criticized for promoting an excessive degree of:
Individualism
As theorists, Alfred Adler, Carl Jung, and Karen Horney are all considered to be
Neo-Freudians
_____ result(s) from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval, whereas _____ result(s) from a person's willingness to accept others' opinions about reality.
Normative social influence; informational social influence
At some time in Don's life, he became one of the 2 to 3 percent of people who crossed the line from normal preoccupations and fussiness to his current debilitating condition known as a(n):
OCD
The anterior cingulate cortex is especially likely to be hyperactive in people who suffer with:
OCD
_____ is to anxiety as a(n) _____ is to a windy day.
Panic disorder; hurricane
The Minnesota Multiphasic _____ Inventory includes a "lie scale" that tries to assess the extent to which a person is "faking" to make a good impression.
Personality
Humanistic psychology emphasizes the importance of a positive
Positive self-concept
Modern psychological researchers criticize Sigmund Freud's ideas because they claim they offer after-the-fact explanations, but fail to _____ behavior and traits.
Predict
Although Greg has accumulated many tickets for a wide range of traffic infractions, he complains all the time to family and friends about other peoples' driving. Sigmund Freud would describe this as_____, while today researchers would describe this as false consensus effect.
Projection
The defense mechanism known as _____ occurs when people disguise their own threatening impulses by attributing them to others.
Projection
While taking a particularly hard exam for her psychology course, Becky was struggling until she realized she could see what the person next to her had written. The person next to her was one of the top students in the class. Becky quickly copied the answers. Instead of feeling guilty about it afterwards, she told her friends that she saw someone else attempting to copy her answers. This best illustrates which defense mechanism?
Projection
Children who have witnessed a parent's murder report memories that most clearly challenge Sigmund Freud's concept of:
Repression
This projective test seeks to identify people's inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of a certain type of abstract pictorial representation.
Rorschach test
Dr. Yen is designing an experiment on obedience to authority. She will set up a learning laboratory and have participants deliver loud blasts of sound as punishment for incorrect answers (given by a confederate of the researcher). How can Dr. Yen increase the likelihood of the participants' obedience?
She can make sure the participants know that she has a Ph.D. from a prestigious university.
You watch as a student stumbles and drops her books in the hall. According to the fundamental attribution error, how would you explain the student's behavior?
She is a clumsy person.
_____ psychologists explore how we think about, influence, and relate to one another.
Social
Naima washes her hands about 50 times a day because she is afraid of the germs that seem to be everywhere. Rana washes her hands about 50 times a day because, as a nurse practitioner, it is an important part of her job. Why is Naima's hand washing considered part of a psychological disorder while Rana's is not?
The behavior is deviant for someone whose work does not demand it. The behavior is dysfunctional for Naima. **All of these factors classify Naima's behavior as a psychological disorder. The behavior causes Naima distress.
In a psychology class debate on the humanistic perspective, you need to take the opposing view and rebut its positive aspects. Which of the following criticisms of the humanistic perspective can you cite?
The descriptions of self-actualizing people reflect Abraham Maslow's personal values.
Around the world, people may experience the same genetically-based disorder quite differently, depending on their personal expectations and their cultural definition of abnormality. This best illustrates the need for what kind of model?
a biopsychosocial approach
One of the hallmarks of schizophrenia is disorganized speech. Theorists suggest that people with such disorganized speech have:
a breakdown in selective attention.
Susan has been diagnosed with panic disorder and refuses to leave her home without her husband. She fears any situation in which she cannot escape or find help when a panic attack would strike. Susan suffers from panic disorder as well as _____.
agoraphobia
Fear-learning experiences that traumatize the brain can also create fear circuits within the:
amygdala
Marci suggests that the aggressiveness of her sister's new friend is the result of that friend's abuse during childhood. Marci's inference about the cause of the behavior of her sister's friend is an example of:
an attribution.
Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory focuses on:
an unconscious region of the mind, psychosexual stages, and defense mechanisms.
Although she is underweight, Lindsey is extremely afraid of becoming obese. She often checks her body in the mirror for any signs of fat and refuses to eat most foods because she insists they are fatty or high in calories. Lindsey most clearly demonstrates symptoms of _____ nervosa.
anorexia
Raquel was initially excited to make the cheerleading squad. However, her parents noticed that she stopping eating dinner with them, wanted to help make most meals, and had a list of good and bad foods. She began portioning the amount of food she ate and weighing food. Most concerning was the significant weight drop from a healthy 115 pounds to 90 pounds. This case demonstrates symptoms of:
anorexia nervosa.
About one half of all children whose lack of conscience seems to become apparent before age 15, as she or he begins to lie, steal, and fight become _____ adults.
antisocial
In stressful situations, people with a(n) _____ personality disorder show less fear and less autonomic arousal when compared with people unaffected by the disorder.
antisocial
A person with _____ is aggressive, ruthless, and shows no sign of the conscience that would inhibit wrongdoing.
antisocial personality disorder
The symptoms of _____ begin to appear at a median age of about 8.
antisocial personality disorder
The link between conditioned fear and general _____ helps explain why anxious people are hyperattentive to possible threats, and how panic-prone people come to associate anxiety with certain cues.
anxiety
Although the cause of antisocial personality disorder is unclear, some people do appear to have a genetic vulnerability. For example, twin and adoption studies indicate that biological relatives of those with antisocial personality disorder
are at increased risk for antisocial behavior.
People who suffer from generalized anxiety disorder:
are tense and apprehensive all of the time.
Your professor is curt with everyone on the first day of class. You think that your new professor is rude. This _____ will likely influence you to act negatively toward your professor.
attitude
_____ nervous system reactivity is a biological influence on the biopsychosocial approach to the study of personality.
autonomic
Jackie is extremely afraid of rejection. Because of this, she has always been withdrawn. Her inflexible and enduring behavior patterns have impaired her social functioning, and she would likely be considered to have a(n) _____ personality disorder.
avoidant
After study participants were told that a videotaped interviewee was a psychiatric patient, they characterized the person with phrases like "passive type" or "frightened of his own impulses." This study best illustrates the:
biasing power of diagnostic labels.
Shawn has a fraternal twin who was recently diagnosed with _____ disorder. Research suggests that the chances are about 2 in 10 that Shawn will also suffer from this disorder at some point in his life.
bipolar
The police brought Elaine to the emergency room after she was seen running down the street in her underwear yelling that she "has the power!" Elaine was also spending large amounts of money across town and was rude and reckless over the last five days. In the emergency room, Elaine would not be quiet long enough for the nurse to ask her questions. Elaine may be suffering from _____ disorder.
bipolar
The symptoms of _____ disorder begin to appear at a median age of about 20.
bipolar
Boris is a prolific painter. However, he is also prone to periods of hopelessness and depression, which are followed by periods of mania. It is very likely that Boris is suffering from a(n):
bipolar disorder
If the self-serving bias is evident in the way an athlete explains her success or failure, she might:
blame her failure on bad officiating.
In an attempt to lose some of the weight gained by binge eating, Claire uses laxatives and exercises until she is exhausted. Claire most clearly demonstrates symptoms of _____ nervosa.
bulimia
Mimi works in a hospital psychiatric unit. She cares for a patient with schizophrenia who often stands motionless in a corner for several hours. This _____ usually ends abruptly, and then the patient becomes quite agitated.
catatonia
_____ is characterized by periods of immobility or excessive, purposeless movement.
catatonia
When Juan was asked by his best friend, Carlos, to go on a blind date with a friend of Carlos' girlfriend, Juan wanted to know her ethnicity. Juan wanted this information so he could _____ this woman in order to place her into a group and hopefully predict her behavior.
categorize
In the Stanley Milgram experiments, the level of obedience was highest when the "teacher" was _____ the experimenter and _____ the "learner."
close to; far from
Sherry has decided to visit her professor during office hours in order to talk about her grade on the last exam. Upon entering her professor's office, she notices piles of papers everywhere, open books laying on the floor, and candy wrappers on the desk. Regarding the professor's personality, Sherry can make a safe assumption on the _____ personality factor from this experience.
conscientiousness
Over the past 50 years, the incidence of anorexia nervosa has steadily increased. This is probably attributable to:
cultural ideals of beauty that increasingly encourage thinness.
Frieda is typically very shy. However, while watching a rock concert with a huge crowd, she lost her inhibitions and behaved in a sexually provocative way. Frieda's unusual behavior is best understood in terms of _____.
deindividuation
John has been having difficulties getting out of bed. He is not interested in going out with friends, and does not even answer the phone. John has let a number of bills go unpaid, he is sleeping 12-14 hours a day, and he cannot concentrate at work. He has called in sick to work at least once each week. John is most likely suffering from a _____ disorder.
depression
_____ affects women and men at a ratio of 2:1.
depression
David Rosenhan and colleagues conducted a study examining the biasing power of diagnostic labels. They went to mental hospital admissions offices and complained of "hearing voices" saying "empty," "hollow," and "thud." This was the only complaint they reported, and they displayed no other symptoms. They were all:
diagnosed as mentally ill and the causes for their disorders were "discovered."
In a study in 1973 that examined the biasing power of _____ labels, researchers went to mental hospital admissions offices and complained of "hearing voices" saying "empty," "hollow," and "thud." This was the only complaint they reported, and they displayed no other symptoms. They were admitted and released an average of 19 days later.
diagnostic
Following the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, white Americans tended to express _____ racial prejudice.
diminishing
Elsa is a 50-year-old teacher who is openly gay. According to the American Psychiatric Association (APA), Elsa's homosexuality is NOT classified as a(n) _____.
disorder/illness
_____ overactivity may underlie schizophrenic patients' overreactions to irrelevant external and internal stimuli.
dopamine
Margaret gave birth to a premature baby boy. It was a difficult birth with obstetrical complications. In addition, she has always had very little money and, for 20 years, has cared for the boy at a level below the poverty line. Thus, Margaret's son has experienced BOTH biological and social risk factors. Results from a Danish study would predict that the boy has _____ of committing a crime, as compared to those with only biological risk factors or social risk factors.
double the risk
Deviant and stressful behaviors are more likely to be considered disordered when also judged to be a harmful _____.
dysfunction
When a student perceives himself as less likely to develop drinking problems or drop out of school than his average classmate, he or she may be illustrating:
excessive optimism
Which of the following best illustrates a negative symptom of schizophrenia?
expressionless face and toneless voice
Last year, Nikki was diagnosed with schizophrenia, and one of her symptoms is related to inappropriate emotion. She sometimes lapses into a "zombielike" state of apparent apathy known as:
flat affect
In a study examining the genetic influences on antisocial personality disorder, Adrian Raine compared the PET scans of 41 murderers' brains to the brains of non-murderers of the same age and sex. Raine reported reduced activity in the murderers' _____, the brain area that helps with impulse control.
frontal lobes
Recently Maggie has been caught in heavy traffic when traveling to and from work. This situation has caused her to arrive to work late and arrive home at a much later time than normal. When she comes home, she slams the front door and tends to yell more at her children and husband over things that are rather insignificant. This behavior can best be explained by the _____.
frustration-aggression principle.
Stimulus _____ may occur when a person who is attacked by a fierce dog later develops a fear of all dogs.
generalization
People who suffer from _____ disorder are tense and apprehensive all of the time.
generalized anxiety
Diane is concerned about things at work even when she is at home. She is constantly worried about her home life even when she is at work. Diane has a free-floating anxiety that leaves her tense and irritable, impairs her concentration, and results in many sleepless nights. Diane suffers from a(n):
generalized anxiety disorder
Lenore is continually tense and plagued by muscle tension, sleeplessness, and an inability to concentrate. Lenore most likely suffers from a(n):
generalized anxiety disorder
Rachel is a manager at a large department store. She is popular with her staff. Many of her employees like her because she is honest, frank, and open without any façade. Carl Rogers would argue that Rachel would score highly on a scale of _____.
genuineness
When people openly express their own feelings, drop their facades, and practice self-disclosure, they are displaying _____.
genuineness
A group of racially prejudiced high school students discussed racial issues. During the conversation, their attitudes became even more prejudiced. This best illustrates _____.
group polarization
A group of racially prejudiced high school students discussed racial issues. During the conversation, their attitudes became even more prejudiced. This best illustrates:
group polarization.
_____ is fueled by a desire for group harmony.
groupthink
You are the expert on psychometrics and assessment; however, three of the clinicians disagree on your choice of scales. You decide to change your opinion for the good of the group. This best illustrates:
groupthink.
People with schizophrenia often have disturbed perceptions called _____, which are sensory experiences without sensory stimulation from the environment.
hallucinations
Janie is amazed how Jim can recognize and identify people who are of Asian ethnic groups while she really struggles with this type of identification. One can assume from this example that Jim:
has more experience interacting with Asian people.
Finn has been diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Which of the following problems might he be exhibiting?
impulsiveness fidgetiness distractibility A person with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder will exhibit all of these behaviors.
Donald thought he was well prepared for a presentation he was giving. However, he failed to anticipate questions his audience would ask him. Afterwards, he was surprised by how poorly he performed. Many researchers would argue that Donald's:
incompetence caused him to be overconfident.
At a meeting in your office, three of your colleagues agree that the plan for a new advertising campaign is correct as it is. As a result, you feel the pressure to get the plan out today and agree. Your behavior illustrates:
informational social influence.
Marcie was invited to a black-tie dinner at the Ritz-Carlton. She has never been served a 10-course meal before so she is unfamiliar with the social etiquette regarding silverware selection. Because Marcie is in a foreign environment, she gets through the night by watching others who appear to know what they are doing. For each course, she follows their selection of silverware. Marcie is displaying:
informational social influence.
The tendency to favor one's own group, the group with whom a person shares a common identity, is called:
ingroup bias.
Julie knows that only she can turn her life around and be responsible for those choices. Julie has a(n) _____ locus of control.
internal
Seventy-five-year-old Walter lost his wife to a heart attack two years ago, and most of his friends have passed away. His children live in other states, and he has no pets. In terms of risk factors for suicide, Walter:
is MORE likely to attempt suicide, because the suicide rate surges among older men.
Chuck has just moved into a new neighborhood. This new neighborhood is full of drug addicts living in rundown houses in horrible condition. He often sees them struggling to find food on the street and shivering through the cold winter. When his friend asks him if he feels badly seeing these people suffer, Chuck replies, "Good people don't end up that way, so I don't feel bad for them." His attitude best illustrates the _____.
just-world phenomenon
The jury deliberated on the rape case for more than eight hours. Some of the jurors commented that the rape victim had a history of going out to various bars and had been dressed too provocatively. These jurors said that by looking like that, she had been asking to be assaulted. Their opinion is best explained in terms of the _____.
just-world phenomenon
The onset of obsessive-compulsive disorder occurs around
late teens to mid 20's
The social-cognitive perspective has linked the experience of depression with _____.
learned helplessness
Participants in Stanley Milgram's obedience experiments were informed that they were involved in a study of _____.
learning
For the past four weeks, Odessa has been feeling lethargic and worthless. Her friends are worried because she no longer shows interest in her normal social activities. It is very likely that Odessa is suffering from:
major depression disorder
A large pharmaceutical company is conducting a clinical trial for a new antidepressant to treat major depressive disorder. It is concerned with the efficacy and safety of the new medication. Its perspective is most aligned with the _____ model.
medical
Gena believes that people with psychological disorders are suffering from diseases that have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and sometimes even cured. Gena believes in the _____ model of psychological disorders.
medical
A sudden loss of _____ is one symptom of a dissociative disorder.
memory
Which of the following is a social-cultural influence on the expression of aggressive behavior?
minimal paternal involvement in the lives of children
Elaine feels that her life is empty. She has lost interest in career and hobbies, and she wonders if she would be better off dead. She is most likely suffering from a(n):
mood disorder
Seth is young man who considers himself to very successful, and who enjoys the finer things in life. He makes a lot of money, and spends it on clothes, cars, gambling, and women. Most psychologists would agree that Seth seems to display a high level of:
narcissism.
Professor Skyler studies personality disorders and is most interested in people who are self-focused and exaggerate their own importance. People with this type of personality disorder have a hard time dealing with criticism, sometimes reacting with rage or shame. Professor Skyler is studying people with:
narcissistic personality disorder.
Pat is a calm, self-satisfied man who appears to be secure. The Big Five personality factor _____ would best describe his personality.
neuroticism
In making wedding preparations, Jason conforms to the expectations of his future bride's family in order to win their favor. His behavior illustrates the importance of:
normative social influence.
Personality inventories are to _____ as projective tests are to _____.
objective scoring; subjective scoring
The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is a(n)
objective test.
Kevin is 18 years old and believes that he is less likely to get into a serious car accident or die at an early age than peers his age. He may be illustrating excessive _____.
optimism
When people suffer from a(n) _____, they often feel intense fear that something horrible is about to happen. These feelings last minutes and include heart palpitations, shortness of breath, and dizziness.
panic attack
Several times in the past two months, Petra has experienced a racing heart, intense fear that something horrible is about to happen, and an inability to breathe. Petra most likely is suffering from _____.
panic attacks
Symptoms that can be incorrectly perceived as those of a heart attack are most characteristic of:
panic disorder
People with high self-esteem have feelings of high self-worth and tend to:
persist when faced with a difficult task.
_____ disorders are characterized by inflexible and enduring maladaptive character traits that impair social functioning.
personality
Starke Hathaway is to _____ as Alfred Binet is to _____.
personality measurement; intelligence measurement
Although Mark realizes his behavior is unreasonable, he is so distraught by high bridges that he avoids them, causing him to take an unnecessarily lengthy route to and from work each day. Mark appears to suffer from a(n):
phobia
Michael is extremely fearful of germs. He sleeps in a special chamber at night, wears gloves, and will only eat food that he can unwrap. His symptoms are most characteristic of:
phobia
Frank was seen laughing inappropriately in the library as if he was responding to internal stimuli. On the bus home, he was crying uncontrollably and suddenly became angered when a fellow passenger offered him a tissue. His excess of inappropriate behavior is known as:
positive symptom
This disorder is characterized by a person having lingering memories, nightmares, and other symptoms for weeks after a severely threatening, uncontrollable event.
post-traumatic stress disorder
According to Abraham Maslow, self-actualization is the ultimate psychological need. It only arises after basic psychological and physiological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved. Self-actualization is the motivation to fulfill one's _____.
potential
Sigmund Freud proposed that, beginning in childhood, people repress intolerable impulses, ideas, and feelings. Freud's theory uses a(n) _____ perspective.
psychoanalytic
In the Stanford Prison Study, subjects were randomly assigned to be prisoners and guards in the experiment. The guards wore khaki prison uniforms, carried knight sticks, and wore sunglasses, while the prisoners wore prison garb with their prison numbers on the back. These costumes signified the _____ each of the subjects was to play in the experiment.
role
The Society for Personality Assessment commends its responsible use even though many critics doubt the validity of the projective test called the _____.
rorschach inkblot (Rorschach Test)
Ever since childhood, Jaime has been eccentric. She exhibits emotionless disengagement to such a great degree that she would likely be diagnosed with:
schizoid personality disorder.
This disorder is most likely to result in the person living in poverty.
schizophrenia
_____ is a mental disorder is most likely to lead to poverty.
schizophrenia
Aggressive behavior in males has been linked with low levels of _____ and high levels of _____.
serotonin; testosterone
Twenty-year-old Brianna lives in a small town. She has always been extremely shy, but lately she has been feeling intensely afraid that others are scrutinizing her. She avoids speaking in class, she no longer goes to parties, and she starts trembling whenever she is in a public place. Brianna seems to be suffering from a(n) _____ phobia.
social
At her health club, Bonnie pedals an exercise bike much faster when other patrons are using nearby equipment. This best illustrates the concept of _____.
social facilitation
John is not a great golfer; he has only been playing golf for two years. One day John was playing alone and a foursome in front of him told him he could play through. All four of the others watched him tee off. According to research on _____, we can expect that John will not perform well.
social facilitation
Reciprocal determinism is associated with the _____ perspective.
social-cognitive
An effective way to break the cycle of depression is to explain stressful events in terms that are:
specific and temporary
People overestimate the degree to which others notice and evaluate their appearance, performance, and blunders. Thomas Gilovich termed this the _____ effect.
spotlight
Mr. Rogers thinks that all teenagers are reckless, promiscuous, irresponsible delinquents. Mr. Rogers appears to be associating qualities to all members of the group that are unrelated to the objective evidence that define this particular age group. Mr. Rogers is demonstrating a _____.
stereotype
Ian is an inexpressive person who is taking part in a research study on personality. He is being encouraged to be more expressive. At the end of the study, researchers will most likely notice that Ian was:
still less expressive than expressive individuals acting naturally.
According to the text, people sometime disparage themselves in order to be _____ strategic.
subtly
Mr. Hoffman has always been cautious with his money. But, over the past two weeks, he has developed grandiose plans to bet his entire savings on a single horse race. With unrestrained exuberance he has also been giving everybody he sees unsolicited advice on how to make millions in the stock market. Mr. Hoffman's behavior is most indicative of:
the behaviour is not associative of a dissociative disorder
In one study, participants who worked alongside someone who rubbed his face or shook his foot were observed to produce the same behaviors. This mimicry illustrates:
the chameleon effect.
When the temperatures go up in the summer, the rates of violent crimes increase. This is best explained in terms of:
the frustration-aggression principle.
Your new roommate leaves dirty laundry all over her room, and you assume she must be a slob. You ignore the fact that she is currently taking finals and working 40 hours per week. You are demonstrating:
the fundamental attribution error.
In the Solomon Asch conformity experiments, researchers found that a person was more likely to conform to the group when:
the group was unanimous.
Most of Dakota's friends look at him with respect. He is self-aware, self-accepting, and open. He is spontaneous and caring, and does not worry about other people's opinions. According to Abraham Maslow, it is likely that Dakota is motivated by:
the need for self-actualization
Cognitive dissonance theory states that in order to reduce dissonance, individuals:
try to align their attitudes and behavior.
If one of the members of the following pairs suffers from anorexia nervosa, the other has the highest risk of developing the illness in which case?
two identical twins
The fundamental attribution error involves:
underestimating situational influences on another's behavior.
Where prejudice is a(n)_________; discrimination is a(n)_________.
unjustifiable attitude; negative behavior
The relationship between the season in which people are born and their subsequent risk of schizophrenia best highlights the role of _____ in this disorder.
viral infections
We are more likely to make the fundamental attribution error if:
we are not familiar with the person we are observing.
According to social psychologist Irving Janis, the problems associated with groupthink can be avoided by both businesses and government in decision-making:
when leaders invite various opinions and listen to others' critiques.
Spencer has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. His parents have a difficult time understanding him because his speech is fragmented and bizarre. He jumps from one idea to another, sometimes within sentences, creating a "_____."
word salad
