psych unit 8

Ever since she was a child, Henrietta has had an intense fear of clowns, even though she has never been hurt by one. She runs screaming whenever she sees one. Henrietta most likely has what psychological disorder?

A specific phobia

During a therapy session, a client acts very angry toward the therapist, just as she acts toward her mother. A psychoanalytically oriented therapist would say the client's behavior is an example of

transference

Which of the following is an example of a cognitive distortion according to Aaron Beck's cognitive therapy model of treatment?

"If I don't get all As in college, then my degree will be worth nothing."

During therapy sessions, Gerry's therapist often rephrases things that Gerry has said or asks for clarification. This action is consistent with what aspect of client-centered therapy?

Active listening

Morris is exhibiting symptoms most consistent with illness anxiety disorder. Which of the following is most likely occurring?

After not eating breakfast, Morris' stomach growls and he feels a slight cramp. He panics and is convinced that he has stomach cancer.

Which of the following is a characteristic common to all individuals with a narcissistic personality disorder?

An unwarranted sense of self-importance

Brandon is superficially charming and skilled at exploiting people for his own gain. He is also impulsive and irresponsible, and he generally disregards social norms. Brandon would most likely be diagnosed with which of the following disorders?

Antisocial personality

The following question(s) refer to the information below. A psychologist describes the following steps to a client, while the client is practicing relaxation techniques, in order to treat the client's psychological disorder: You are entering a large building. You are pressing a button for an elevator. You are stepping into an elevator. You are watching the doors close after entering the elevator. You are traveling five floors on the elevator. Which type of therapy is most closely associated with the technique used in this method?

Behavioral

Token economies are based on which theoretical perspective?

Behavioral

Brett is exhibiting signs of dissociative amnesia. Which of the following scenarios would most likely depict Brett's situation?

Brett was at work in Seattle when a police officer asked if he was John Simons from Miami. Brett said no, but the officer showed him a picture of himself with a family he had no memory of. Brett did not remember how he got to Seattle and did not remember ever being named John.

Travis is obsessed with his weight, but he often cannot stop himself from eating an entire carton of ice cream or two pizzas in one sitting. Afterward, he makes himself throw up or takes laxatives to rid himself of the food. Travis' behavior is indicative of what psychological disorder?

Bulimia nervosa

Timothy, who was diagnosed with schizophrenia, remains motionless for hours, no matter how awkward the position his body is in. What symptom is Timothy most clearly exhibiting?

Catatonia, because catatonia is a condition in which a person's body remains in a rigid state.

Paula lacks self-confidence. She has a difficult time expressing disagreement with others, and she usually lets friends make decisions for her. Others have commented that they do not know who the "real" Paula is. With which of the following personality disorders might Paula be diagnosed?

Dependent

Which contemporary approach asserts that psychological disorders occur when environmental factors negatively influence individuals who have genetic vulnerabilities to developing psychological disorders?

Diathesis-stress

One suspected cause of schizophrenia is the abnormal increase of which of the following neurotransmitters in the brain?

Dopamine

Which of the following has been most effective in the treatment of schizophrenia?

Drug therapy that blocks neurotransmitter sites

Client-centered therapists try to appreciate how the world appears from the client's point of view. This is an example of which of the following concepts?

Empathy

Jamal is taking several honors courses this year and feels more pressure than he ever has before. He worries constantly about school, and because of the time he must devote to studying, he also worries about his relationship with his girlfriend. He is often restless, and his family thinks he gets irritated more than he used to. Even though he feels academic pressure, he often struggles to stay focused on his schoolwork, and his grades are suffering. Jamal's problems are most consistent with which of the following disorders?

Generalized anxiety

Anthony thinks he will fail his math test because he believes he is terrible at math, even though he has passed his previous math tests. Which of the following explanations would the cognitive approach use to explain Anthony's behavior?

His irrational thoughts are causing him to doubt his abilities, even though he has evidence to show otherwise.

Mindy's colleagues were embarrassed when she arrived at the professional meeting dressed more appropriately for a nightclub. In addition, she continually drew attention to herself by talking loudly and dramatically, as though she was onstage. Mindy's behavior is most consistent with which of the following psychological disorders?

Histrionic personality disorder, because Mindy is exhibiting exaggerated and self-centered emoting.

Linda is experiencing alternating periods of intense mania and severe depression. A psychiatrist would most likely prescribe which of the following for Linda?

Lithium

Carmen's psychiatrist has prescribed a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor to help Carmen feel better. Carmen has most likely been diagnosed with what disorder?

Major depressive

Which of the following depictions is most consistent with signs of borderline disorder?

Merle was getting along fine with his roommate Carl until Carl left the milk out of the refrigerator. Merle then dumped all of the food in the refrigerator onto the kitchen floor and changed the locks when Carl was away.

Kent continually finds himself growing anxious about germs gathering on his skin. He can only decrease his anxiety by washing his hands. Soon, however, the anxiety returns, and he washes his hands again. He repeats this cycle dozens of times each day. Kent most likely is experiencing which psychological disorder?

Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Bernadette has lacked enthusiasm for work and other activities for a number of years. She also has a poor appetite and feels fatigued. Which of the following disorders is most consistent with Bernadette's symptoms?

Persistent depressive

Using psychological techniques such as free association to explore a client's early relationships is characteristic of what type of treatment?

Psychoanalysis

Behavior therapists emphasize which of the following in their treatment of clients?

Responses that have been reinforced in the past

Ed quit his job because he began to fear that his supervisor was spying on him. Ed frequently hears voices criticizing him, but in reality nobody is there. Ed's problems are most consistent with which of the following disorders?

Schizophrenia

While pregnant, Marley was exposed to the flu virus. Based on current research, which psychological disorder is Marley's child most likely to develop?

Schizophrenia, because flu virus exposure is positively correlated with an increased risk of developing schizophrenia.

Delusional thinking is central to which of the following?

Schizophrenic disorders

Janice has a strong, unreasonable fear of being embarrassed in front of strangers. When she is with others she does not know, she feels extremely insecure and worried. Janice's problems are most consistent with which of the following disorders?

Social anxiety

Dalton developed a phobia of dogs after watching his older cousin act fearfully when he interacted with dogs in their neighborhood. Which of the following best explains why Dalton developed his phobia of dogs?

Social learning theory, because Dalton learned from observing his cousin's behavior toward dogs.

Alan is sure something is wrong with him, even though his doctor has not found any physiological basis for his complaints. He returns to the doctor every few weeks to report symptoms of new illnesses based on information he reads. Alan is most likely to be diagnosed with which of the following types of disorders?

Somatoform

Which of the following behavior-therapy techniques is typically used to reduce fear of heights?

Systematic desensitization

Which of the following best characterizes individuals diagnosed as having personality disorders?

They may function reasonably well in society.

Which of the following statements best illustrates a social-cognitive explanation for the development of depression?

Yolanda ruminates about her failures, so she is more likely to develop depression.

Vic has unpredictable and repeated attacks of overwhelming anxiety that frequently leave him dizzy, nauseous, short of breath, and in tears. A psychologist is likely to view Vic's behavior as indicative of

a panic disorder

According to Carl Rogers, the role of the therapist in person-centered psychotherapy is to

accept the client unconditionally so that the client's own desire for mental health and positive growth will flourish

Albert Ellis' view of psychological problems was that they

are due to irrational thinking

Fluoxetine (Prozac® ) has been shown to reduce depression primarily by

blocking reuptake and increasing the level of serotonin in the synapses

Electroconvulsive therapy has been most successful in the treatment of

clinical depression

A man who experiences sudden blindness on witnessing the death of his wife is probably suffering from a

conversion disorder

Multiple personality is a type of

dissociative disorder

Thomas is thirty years old and is very shy. He becomes anxious in social situations, so he avoids them. Thomas does not have close friends and rarely leaves his apartment. However, he writes a very successful and popular Internet blog, is usually content and calm while working at home, and has a positive relationship with his family. Psychologists would be hesitant to label Thomas as psychologically disordered because his behavior

does not appear to cause distress or impair his day-to-day functioning

contemporary definitions of abnormal behavior typically characterize such behavior as all of the following except

due to inappropriate child rearing practices

An advantage of group therapy over individual therapy is that group therapy

enables clients to realize that their problems are not unique

Aaron T. Beck would most likely

focus on a client's catastrophic thinking patterns

The cognitive theory of depression states that depression results from

maladaptive interpretations of life events

Joan displays anxiety, irritability, inability to concentrate, and apathy. She also reexperiences a disastrous event through nightmares and vivid memories. Joan is experiencing

posttraumatic stress disorder

Intense artificial light is most successfully used as therapy for

seasonal affective disorder