PSYCH1000 Week 1
Which quote can be best attributed to Gestalt Psychology?
"The whole is other than the sum of its parts" - Koffka
In Milgram's controversial study on obedience, nearly ________ of the participants were willing to administer what appeared to be lethal electrical shocks to another person because they were told to do so by an authority figure.
2/3
________ focused on the potential of humans to be creative, have a positive outlook and pursue higher values through a process of self-actualization.
Abraham Maslow
________ is most well-known for proposing his hierarchy of needs.
Abraham Maslow
Given the incredible diversity among the various areas of psychology that were described on this page and the previous pages, how do they all fit together?
Although the different perspectives all operate on different levels of analyses, have different foci of interests, and different methodological approaches, all of these areas share a focus on understanding and/or correcting patterns of thought and/or behavior.
Why is an undergraduate education in psychology so helpful in a number of different lines of work?
An undergraduate education in psychology hones critical thinking skills. These skills are useful in many different work settings.
________ presented ideas and techniques for rewarding and punishing behavior.
B.F. Skinner
Which of the following degrees would be the minimum required to teach psychology courses in high school?
Bachelor's Degree
Proponents of the early school of ________ psychology argue that our thoughts, feelings, and motive are unimportant in understanding human behavior and that only observable actions should be studied.
Behaviorism
Vashna's parents give her an allowance every day that her bed is made and her room is picked up. Her parents are utilizing principles from which school of psychology?
Behaviorism
Which school of thought in the early 20th century focused on observable behavior and relationships between stimuli and responses?
Behaviorism
In part, what aspect of psychology was the behaviorist approach to psychology a reaction to?
Behaviorists studied objectively observable behavior partly in reaction to the psychologists of the mind who were studying things that were not directly observable
A researcher interested in how changes in the cells of the hippocampus (a structure in the brain related to learning and memory) are related to memory formation would be most likely to identify as a(n) ________ psychologist.
Biological
Which psychological domain would include a study of neuroscience?
Biological
According to the ________ model, health and illness are determined by psychological, biological, and social factors.
Biopsychosocial
This school of thought, developed in the 1950s and 1960s, focuses on the potential of individuals and each person's unique viewpoint.
Humanistic
________ psychology focuses on the causes, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of different types of behavioral and emotional disorders.
Clinical
This school of thought studies the mental processes of thinking, memory, and judgment.
Cognitive
Which psychological domain would include a study of memory and intelligence?
Cognitive
Julie majored in Psychology for her undergraduate degree, then pursued a masters degree in early childhood education to become a teacher. She credits her background in psychology with helping her as a teacher as she communicates with the children, better understands their behavior, and also teaches them ________, such as making observations and judgements with skepticism.
Critical Thinking Skills
According to the text, psychology students are most likely to benefit from exposure to
Critical thinking skills and the scientific method
A psychologist is interested in observing and recording infants' temperaments for changes and stability as the children age to young adulthood. He plans to study these children's temperaments as they evolve into personalities for 18 years. This psychologist's perspective is most likely the ________ perspective of psychology.
Developmental
Which psychological domain would include a study of learning and conditioning?
Developmental
Which question(s) would a biopsychologist most likely address when studying Alzheimer's disease?
Does stress or lack of exercise affect the nervous system and hormones to activate or progress Alzheimer's disease? What medications could influence the chemicals in the brain to slow down the progressive loss of memory, mood, and bodily functions?
Cognitive psychology is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT
It emphasizes introspection
Which of the following are the best examples of skills that psychology students will develop during their course of study?
Evaluating information and using the scientific method
________ psychologists might help a judge decide which parent should have custody of a child or evaluate a defendant's mental competence to stand trial.
Forensic
In the late 1800s, this approach examined how the mind operates and how conscious thoughts in the mind have continually evolved since the beginning of time.
Functionalism
In the late 19th century, the early school of psychology that was heavily influenced by biology was ________.
Functionalism
Which school of psychology was more likely to focus on the operation of the entire mind instead of specific parts?
Functionalism
William James's focus on how mental activities help a person adapt to his or her environment is known as
Functionalism
Which questions would a social psychologist most likely address when studying Alzheimer's disease?
How does caring for a person with Alzheimer's affect family members? How does it affect family members financially, physically and emotionally? How do societies in other cultures provide care for persons with Alzheimer's disease?
Ryan notices that a lot of people he sees avoid making eye contact while they walk by him on their cell phones. He develops a tentative explanation that people are too focused on their conversation to be distracted by an outside passerby. Ryan's observation is an example of a
Hypothesis
How did the object of study in psychology change over the history of the field since the 19th century?
In its early days, psychology could be defined as the scientific study of mind or mental processes. Over time, psychology began to shift more towards the scientific study of behavior. However, as the cognitive revolution took hold, psychology once again began to focus on mental processes as necessary to the understanding of behavior.
________ psychologist may serve as a human resources specialist, helping organizations with staffing, training and employee development.
Industrial-Organizational
Which factors influence health, according to the biopsychosocial model?
Interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors
What are the potential ethical concerns associated with Milgram's research on obedience?
Many people have questioned how ethical this particular research was. Although no one was actually harmed in Milgram's study, many people have questioned how the knowledge that you would be willing to inflict incredible pain and/or death to another person, simply because someone in authority told you to do so, would affect someone's self-concept and psychological health. Furthermore, the degree to which deception was used in this particular study raises a few eyebrows.
One would need at least a(n) ________ degree to serve as a school psychologist.
Master's
Typically, an adjunct psychology professor will have a
Master's degree in psychology
Which psychological domain would include a study of abnormal psychology?
Mental and Physical Health
Which of the following topics are included in the biological domain of psychology?
Neuroscience
Which researcher studied types of conditioned reflexes?
Pavlov
An individual's consistent pattern of thought and behavior is known as a(n) ________.
Personality
If someone wanted to become a psychology professor at a 4-year college, then they would probably need a ________ degree in psychology.
PhD
Before psychology became a recognized academic discipline, matters of the mind were undertaken by those in ________.
Philosophy
Psychologist Abraham Maslow introduced the concept of a hierarchy of needs, which suggests that people are motivated to fulfill basic needs before moving on to other, more advanced needs. Consider how this may influence our development, motivation, and accomplishments. Choose which level of needs would best explain the following scenario. Mario has not been doing well in his third grade classroom. His teacher noticed that he wasn't focusing in class and mistakenly thought he was being lazy. In fact, the truth was that Mario's family couldn't afford enough food to feed their family and therefore, he regularly goes to school without any breakfast. Which level of need would best describe what is going on with Mario?
Physiological
In the scientific method, a hypothesis is a(n)
Proposed Explanation
The ________ places less emphasis on research and more emphasis on application of therapeutic skills.
PsyD
Which type of psychology degree focuses more on the clinical practice and less on research?
PsyD
Which school of thought examined mental processes that are in the unconscious mind to explain behavior?
Psychodynamic
Which statement below is true about psychoanalytical psychology?
Sigmund Freud believed that understanding a person's unconscious or early childhood memories could help a person experiencing anxiety or depression
The operant conditioning chamber (a.k.a. ________ box) is a device used to study the principles of operant conditioning.
Skinner
Which psychological domain would include a study of motivation and gender?
Social and Personality
Psyche is a Greek word meaning
Soul
In the late 19th century, this approach to psychology measured basic elements of conscious experiences to provide scientific evidence to understand the mind.
Structuralism
Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titchener's approach to asking patients to look inward and describe their feelings in order to understand consciousness was known as
Structuralism
Other than a potentially greater salary, what would be the reasons an individual would continue on to get a graduate degree in psychology?
The graduate degree would be a stronger guarantee of working in a psychology-related field and one would have greater control over the specialty of that work. It would allow one to practice in a clinical setting. In general, it would allow someone to work in a more independent or supervisory capacity.
Which questions would a cognitive psychologist most likely address when studying Alzheimer's disease?
To what extent does Alzheimer's disease affect one's thinking, memory and language abilities? How does one's memory, decision-making and language usage skills change as Alzheimer's disease progresses?
Rogers believed that providing genuineness, empathy, and ________ in the therapeutic environment for his clients was critical to their being able to deal with their problems.
Unconditional Positive Regard
Which questions would a personality psychologist most likely address when studying Alzheimer's disease?
What are the personality characteristics that are displayed by a person with Alzheimer's disease? Are these characteristics the same in all persons with Alzheimer's disease or are there other differences? How do these characteristics change as the disease progresses? What conditions could help a person to maintain their personality?
Which questions would a clinical psychologist most likely address when studying Alzheimer's disease?
Who gets Alzheimer's disease? What are the chances of a person developing Alzheimer's disease based on gender, age, and ethnicity? What kind of therapeutic support is needed for family members of a person with Alzheimer's disease?
________ was a German psychologist who argued that psychology is independent from philosophy and that the conscious elements of the mind should be scientifically studied and classified.
Wilhelm Wundt
________ focused on examining the physiology of one's behavior and other psychological aspects of the mind.
William James
The unconscious part of personality responsible for drives like sex and aggression is the
id
