Psychobiological Aspects of Drugs
How many poppy seed bagels would need to be consumed in order to obtain a positive screen for opiates?
100
Respondents in the U.S. National Survey on Drug Use and Health are ___________. all ages 12 years of age or older 18 years of age or older 21 years of age or older
12 years of age or older
The first report of solvent abuse was in _____________.
1951
In what century did the Opium Wars occur? 17th 18th 19th 20th
19th
Dr. Timothy Leary, one of the chief proponents of LSD use, was __________ when he began to use the drug.
A Harvard Psychologist
Which organization developed the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders? World Health Organization American Psychiatric Association American Psychological Association American Medical Association
APA
The neurotransmitter that is active at the neuromuscular junction is __________.
Acetylcholine
Which of the following does not contribute to alcohol and drug abuse costs as measured in cost of illness studies? motor vehicle crashes individuals born with fetal alcohol syndrome medical expenses crime-related costs All of these contribute to these figures.
All of these contribute to these figures.
Progressive loss of memory and other cognitive functions are key symptoms of:
Alzheimer's disease
Who won the first Opium War?
Britain
Which country had the highest national use of opium in the mid-1800s? Britain China India the U.S.
China
The Opium Wars occurred because __________ attempted to control or eliminate imports of opium by __________ traders.?
China, British
Who introduced the smoking of opium to the U.S.?? European explorers Central American immigrants Native Americans Chinese laborers
Chinese laborers
The trees producing the coffee bean were native to __________. Colombia Bolivia Italy Ethiopia
Ethiopia
Calling amphetamines "speed" is an example of drug classification by therapeutic use. True False
False
The term "drug abuse" refers to any use of drugs that are illegal in a particular society.
False
As a result of the first opium war, the British received rights to the port of _____________. Shanghai Peking? Manila Hong Kong
Hong Kong
Ecstasy is also known as ______________. MDMA GHB LSD? Special K
MDMA
Oriental drugs were introduced to Europe because of the Crusades and the expeditions of __________.
Marco Polo
According to the 2011 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, ___________ is the most commonly used illicit drug.
Marijuana
Which of the following drugs was not used in the Stone Age?
Morphine
Which of the following is true about drug use and crime? Crimes committed by heroin addicts are typically violent and are brought about because of the effects of the drug. Most crimes associated with alcohol are assaultive. Drug use causes crime. With regard to all drug use, the use of hallucinogens shows the strongest association with crime.
Most crimes associated with alcohol are assaultive.
Which of the following countries reported the highest lifetime rate of alcohol use in the Vega et al. (2002) analysis of international survey results? Canada the United States the Netherlands Mexico
Netherlands
Progressive deterioration of motor control is a key symptom of:
Parkinson's disease
___________ refers to the general occurrence of an event, usually expressed in terms of percentage of some population.
Prevalence
The designer drug Rohypnol is commonly known as ___________.
Roofies
Which of the following is true about the diagnosis of substance use disorder in DSM-V? There is no longer a distinction made between dependence and abuse of a given substance. Separate symptoms have been listed for each individual drug type. The most significant criteria are tolerance and withdrawal. All of these are true.
There is no longer a distinction made between dependence and abuse of a given substance.
The Second Opium War ended in the Treaty of __________. Bombay Tientsin Versailles Cornwall
Tientsin
The 1950s was the era of ______________________________.
Tranquilizer & inhalants
Valium is an example of a drug that can easily pass through the blood-brain barrier because it is highly fat soluble.
True
The electrical activity along the axon that occurs when a neuron fires is called:
action potential
Drugs are believed to act on the nervous system by __________.
affecting the deactivation and mimicking the effects of neurotransmitters
Which of the following did European explorers bring to the Americas? alcohol mescaline psilocybin tobacco
alcohol
In the 1800s, cocaine was used to treat _________. depressed mood? pain? opiate addiction depressed mood or pain all of these
all of these
In the 1800s, the opiates were used __________. to calm crying babies? as an anesthetic? to treat colds ? all of these
all of these
Into the middle of the 1800s, in the U.S., drugs could be obtained _____.
all of these
Which of the following are techniques used to assess brain damage? EEG CT MRI all of these
all of these
Which of the following does not contribute to alcohol and drug abuse costs as measured in cost of illness studies? motor vehicle crashes individuals born with fetal alcohol syndrome medical expenses crime-related costs All of these contribute to these figures.
all of these
Which of the following factors is not thought to contribute to the drug experience? pharmacological factors gender setting of drug use all of these affect the drug experience
all of these
Which of the following is a method used to administer barbiturates? oral rectal subQ IM all of these
all of these
Which of the following is a way in which heroin is used? snorting smoking mixing with crack and smoking all of these
all of these
Which of the following is true of multiple drug use? It can involve the use of alcohol and one or more other drugs. It can involve taking different drugs in sequence in order to move from one drug experience to another. It can result in dangerous interaction effects. all of these
all of these
Which of the following racial/ethnic differences were found in the 2011 National Survey on Drug Use and Health? Blacks showed the highest prevalence of illicit drug use in the last month. Whites reported more prevalent alcohol use than Hispanics. Blacks reported less prevalent alcohol use than whites. all of these
all of these
Why is alcohol and drug use in the United States important? because of the controversy that drugs create because of the number of people who use alcohol or drugs because of the negative consequences of drug use all of these none of these
all of these
Which of the following factors is not thought to contribute to the drug experience? pharmacological factors gender setting of drug use all of these affect the drug experience
all of these affect the drug experience
__________ were used in the 1930s to treat depression. Barbiturates Tranquilizers Amphetamines Inhalants
amphetamines
Which of the following results has not been seen in needle exchange programs?
an increase in IV drug use
A compound that occupies a receptor, but does not activate the neuron is known as a(n) __________.
antagonist
Which of the following is not one of the major divisions of the human brain?
backbrain
The San Francisco Ordinance involved __________.
banning opium dens
Archaeological evidence suggests that __________ was used as early as 6400 B.C. morphine grape wine beer heroin
beer
According to the 2011 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, ___________ of 18-25-year-old respondents reported at least one instance of illicit drug use in the past year.
between 25 and 50%
The costs of alcohol and drug abuse in the United States can be measured in the ___________ of dollars.
billions
The field of pharmacology is allied with ___________.
biochemistry & physiology
The system that "filters" blood before it enters the brain is called the __________.
blood-brain barrier
The barbiturates are examples of a group of drugs that is classified by ___________. chemical structure mechanism of action origin therapeutic use
chemical structure
Magnetic resonance imagery is a method used to __________.
create a 3-D image of the brain
What neurotransmitter is primarily implicated in Parkinson's disease?
dopamine
Which of the following is not a monoamine?
endorphin
Which of the following neurotransmitters is thought to modulate pain relief?
endorphin
Heroin and other opiate drugs are thought to be functionally similar to:
endorphins
Which of the following processes are responsible for removing neurotransmitters from the synapse?
enzyme breakdown and reuptake
Survey studies are seriously flawed because they do not attempt to select people who are representative of the United States population as a whole. True False
false
The term "drug abuse" refers to any use of drugs that are illegal in a particular society. True False
false
The transdermal route of drug administration is an effective one for most drugs.
false
_____________ is a combustive process in which yeasts interact with the sugars in plants to produce an enzyme that converts the sugar into alcohol. distillation brewing fermentation hydrolysis
fermentation
The consensus definition of drug abuse arrived at by Rinaldi et al. centers on ___________. withdrawal tolerance harmful consequences of drug use behavior societal mores
harmful consequences
Which of the following drugs was not introduced to Europe from the Americas? tobacco hallucinogens cocaine hashish
hashish
The purity of heroin sold on the street today is __________ it was in the 1980s. higher than lower than the same as
higher than
__________ is an injectable anesthetic that has been approved for both human and animal use in medical settings. ketamine XTC GHB? methamphetamine
ketamine
According to the 2011 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, ___________ is the most commonly used illicit drug. alcohol nicotine cocaine marijuana
marijuana
Research has indicated that there does not appear to be a link between ___________ use and crime.
marijuana
Norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin are known collectively as __________.
monoamines
____________ was named after the Greek god of sleep and dreams.
morphine
Which of the following systems does not receive major portions of a drug rapidly due to a high volume of drug flow?
muscles
Calling morphine an opiate is an example of classification by ___________.
origin
___________ is a hallucinogenic drug derived from the cactus plant. LSD peyote psilocybin ketamine
peyote
The field of ___________ is concerned with all information about the effects of drugs on living systems. biochemistry biopsychology pharmacology psychopharmacology
pharmacology
In pharmacology, a(n) ___________ is a chemically inactive substance. placebo psychoactive drug analgesic endorphin
placebo
What was the probable cause for the increase in popularity of marijuana in the 1920s? the end of WWI the Depression Prohibition the repeal of marijuana laws
prohibition
___________ drugs are those that affect moods, thinking, and behavior.
psychoactive
___________ drugs are those that affect moods, thinking, and behavior. psychoaffective psychoactive psychotropic psychophysiological
psychoactive
____________ are specialized structures located on dendrites and cell bodies for neurons that are activated by neurotransmitters.
receptor sites
The ___________ is an important element of the drug experience because it affects how much of a drug reaches its site of action and how quickly it gets there. drug dosage psychological set of the user route of administration setting in which the drug is used
route of administration
The ________ hypothesis is that one result of repeated use of a drug in interaction with environmental factors is changes in the brain neural pathways that may heighten the reward value of the drug. tolerance sensitization biological psychoactive
sensitization
One characteristic of the subcutaneous route of injection is its associated __________ and __________ absorption rate.
slow, constant
When drugs are swallowed, they pass through the stomach and are absorbed in the __________.
small intestine
Heroin was first developed in __________. Stone Age China 16th Century Peru the late 1800s 1952
the late 1800s
__________ was used in Asia Minor around 5000 B.C. and was known as a "joy plant." Cannibas sativa The opium poppy Hemp Catnip
the opium poppy
If a neurotransmitter is viewed as a key, what structure would be viewed as the lock?
the receptor
Which of the following are pharmacological factors that help us to understand the drug experience?
the route of drug administration
When it is classified by ___________, amphetamines are known as appetite-suppressant drugs.
therapeutic use
If ___________ to a drug develops, the individual must consume increasing amounts of it to achieve a desired drug effect.
tolerance
If ___________ to a drug develops, the individual must consume increasing amounts of it to achieve a desired drug effect. withdrawal tolerance dependence rebound effects
tolerance
Individuals in long-term hospitals were not included in the National Survey on Drug Use and Health. True False
true
The effects of a drug may vary between users because of the users' expectations.
true
When a drug is fat soluble, sniffing is a rapid and effective way to absorb it.
true
How long can alcohol be detected in the system by using a drug test?
up to one day
Neurotransmitters are stored in packages known as __________.
vesicles
Which of the following conditions lead to more rapid drug absorption?
when there is more blood flow at the site of absorption
